Riesgo de sobrepeso en niños preescolares beneficiarios de programas de ayuda alimentaria

Objetivo Revisar la evidencia sobre el posible efecto de los programas alimentarios en el riesgo de sobrepeso de los niños beneficiarios.Métodos Se realizó la búsqueda de artículos en bases de datos usando términos en español y en inglés. Se incluyeron aquellos artículos que incluyeran las variables de interés, estudios de corte transversal, cohorte o ensayos comunitarios.Resultados Los programas alimentarios de transferencias podrían contribuir al aumento del sobrepeso en su población beneficiaria a través de una mayor disponibilidad y acceso a alimentos con alto contenido de energía, ya sea por medio de la entrega de despensas o de dinero en efectivo.  Sin embargo, el impacto de los programas en este desenlace ha sido poco estudiado y las evaluaciones que se han realizado han sido, en su mayoría, en población adulta o en edad escolar.Conclusiones: Esta revisión puede servir de referencia para el diseño, implementación y evaluación de programas de alimentación y nutrición en países de ingresos bajos y medios que enfrentan la doble carga de la mala nutrición

Expected population weight and diabetes impact of the 1-peso-per-litre tax to sugar sweetened beverages in Mexico

<div><p>Study question</p><p>What effect on body mass index, obesity and diabetes can we expect from the 1-peso-per-litre tax to sugar sweetened beverages in Mexico?</p><p>Methods</p><p>Using recently published estimates of the reductions in beverage purchases due to the tax, we modelled its expected long-term impacts on body mass index (BMI), obesity and diabetes. Microsimulations based on a nationally representative dataset were used to estimate the impact of the tax on BMI and obesity. A Markov population model, built upon an age-period-cohort model of diabetes incidence, was used to estimate the impact on diagnosed diabetes in Mexico. To analyse the potential of tax increases we also modelled a 2-peso-per-litre tax scenario.</p><p>Study answer and limitations</p><p>Ten years after the implementation of the tax, we expect an average reduction of 0.15 kg/m² per person, which translates into a 2.54% reduction in obesity prevalence. People in the lowest level of socioeconomic status and those between 20 and 35 years of age showed the largest reductions in BMI and overweight and obesity prevalence. Simulations show that by 2030, under the current implementation of 1-peso-per-litre, the tax would prevent 86 to 134 thousand cases of diabetes. Overall, the 2-peso-per-litre scenario is expected to produce twice as much of a reduction. These estimates assume the tax effect on consumption remains stable over time. Sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness of findings; similar results were obtained with various parameter assumptions and alternative modelling approaches.</p><p>What this study adds</p><p>The sugar-sweetened beverages tax in Mexico is expected to produce sizable and sustained reductions in obesity and diabetes. Increasing the tax could produce larger benefits. While encouraging, estimates will need to be updated once data on direct changes in consumption becomes available.</p></div

Baseline prevalence of overweight and obesity and expected change in the adult Mexican population 10 years after the implementation of a 10 and 20% tax to SSB¹ assuming the average and peak monthly observed sale-changes of 2014.

<p>Baseline prevalence of overweight and obesity and expected change in the adult Mexican population 10 years after the implementation of a 10 and 20% tax to SSB<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176336#t004fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> assuming the average and peak monthly observed sale-changes of 2014.</p

Expected prevalence, prevalence change and averted cases of diagnosed type-2 diabetes in the adult Mexican population from 2015–2050.

<p>Expected prevalence, prevalence change and averted cases of diagnosed type-2 diabetes in the adult Mexican population from 2015–2050.</p

Taxed sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in the adult Mexican population at baseline and expected reductions after the implementation of a 10% and 20% SSB tax-increase assuming the average and peak monthly observed sales-change for 2014 (n = 2,735)¹.

<p>Taxed sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption in the adult Mexican population at baseline and expected reductions after the implementation of a 10% and 20% SSB tax-increase assuming the average and peak monthly observed sales-change for 2014 (n = 2,735)<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176336#t002fn001" target="_blank">¹</a>.</p

Baseline body mass index (BMI) and expected change in the adult Mexican population 10 years after the implementation of a 10 and 20% tax to sugar sweetened beverages (SSB)¹ assuming the average and peak monthly observed sale-changes of 2014.

<p>Baseline body mass index (BMI) and expected change in the adult Mexican population 10 years after the implementation of a 10 and 20% tax to sugar sweetened beverages (SSB)<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0176336#t003fn001" target="_blank">¹</a> assuming the average and peak monthly observed sale-changes of 2014.</p

Characteristics of the adult Mexican population by quartiles of taxed sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption.

<p>ENSANUT 2012.</p