CATTLE AND CATTLE HERDERS BETWEEN THE LOWER GUADALQUIVIR, ATLANTIC AFRICA, AND THE SPANISH MAIN, 1513-1671

URL del artículo en la web de la Revista: [enlace de ese artículo en el portal Revistas UPO] https://www.upo.es/revistas/index.php/bajoguadalquivir/article/view/3317/2571Este trabajo se enfoca en la adaptación de conocimientos para la crianza de los bovinos, la retirada y aprovechamiento de sus pieles y el consumo de sus carnes desde el Bajo Guadalquivir y el África atlántica hacia el Pacífico americano. La irrupción de este ganado en regiones que no lo habían conocido anteriormente, estimulada por un auge en la demanda de cueros tanto en Europa como en América, tuvo consecuencias difíciles de sobreestimar. Se trata no solamente de la transformación de los ecosistemas americanos ante el avance del ganado vacuno sino también de la nueva disponibilidad de su carne, que ciertamente aportaba proteínas y hierro en mayores cantidades y a menor precio que cualquier otro alimento criado en la región. Por ende, el auge y la polivalencia de la ganadería vacuna en Tierra Firme apunta hacía algunos de los cambios más significativos de la primera globalización que, mediante y más allá de su impacto ecológico, transformó las condiciones más básicas de la vida de sus habitantes.This paper focuses on the transfer of experts in the raising of cattle as well as in the removal and treatment of their hides and the consumption of their meat from the Lower Guadalquivir and African Atlantic coasts to the Pacific coast of Spanish America. At a time of rising European demand for cattle hides, the eruption of herbivores upon pristine ecosystems had unanticipated results. These entail the transformation of American lands and customs as well as the unprecedented availability of protein and iron in greater quantities and at lower prices than any other source of calories in the region. Indeed, the shift to cattle-raising and a beef-based diet proved one of the most significant results of early globalization on the Spanish Main, transforming the most basic conditions of its inhabitants¿ lives.Universidad Pablo de Olavid

La primera globalización desde América: comercio, agentes y bienes entre el mundo atlántico y pacífico, ss. XV-XVII

Texto introductorio al dossier monográfico "La primera globalización desde América: comercio, agentes y bienes entre el mundo atlántico y pacífico, ss. XV-XVII"Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Filosofía, Área de Historia Modern

Rice Revisited From Colonial Panama. Its Cultivation and Exportation

This research has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme ERC CoG 648535, which finances its publication in open access.Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Filosofía - Área de Historia Modern

Aproximaciones a la población de Panamá Viejo a partir de la arqueología funeraria y la documentación histórica

Este artículo contrasta los resultados de distintas campañas de excavaciones arqueológicas en Panamá Viejo con los datos registrados en la documentación histórica, preservada fundamentalmente en el Archivo General de Indias. Analiza registros complementarios que permiten profundizar en la problemática de la conservación parcial de distintos tipos de fuentes, así como sus posibilidades y limitaciones. El consiguiente diálogo interdisciplinar elucida algunas de las trasformaciones que atravesó la población de la zona con la incorporación de indígenas y africanos de diversos orígenes, 1519-1671, un propósito no abordado por investigaciones precedentes en Panamá Viejo.This article contrasts the results of excavation campaigns in Old Panama with data registered in historical documentation preserved mainly in the General Archive of the Indies. These complementary collections of material artefacts make it possible to explore problems resulting from the partial conservation of different types of sources and their limitations. The ensuing interdisciplinary exchange elucidates specific transformations that influenced the area¿s population with the incorporation of indigenous Americans and Africans from different regions, 1519-1671, barely addressed in previous studies of Old PanamaUniversidad del NorteUniversidad Pablo de Olavid

Weaving Mitochondrial DNA and Y-Chromosome Variation in the Panamanian Genetic Canvas

The Isthmus of Panama was a crossroads between North and South America during the continent's first peopling (and subsequent movements) also playing a pivotal role during European colonization and the African slave trade. Previous analyses of uniparental systems revealed significant sex biases in the genetic history of Panamanians, as testified by the high proportions of Indigenous and sub-Saharan mitochondrial DNAs (mtDNAs) and by the prevalence of Western European/northern African Y chromosomes. Those studies were conducted on the general population without considering any self-reported ethnic affiliations. Here, we compared the mtDNA and Y-chromosome lineages of a new sample collection from 431 individuals (301 males and 130 females) belonging to either the general population, mixed groups, or one of five Indigenous groups currently living in Panama. We found different proportions of paternal and maternal lineages in the Indigenous groups testifying to pre-contact demographic events and genetic inputs (some dated to Pleistocene times) that created genetic structure. Then, while the local mitochondrial gene pool was marginally involved in post-contact admixtures, the Indigenous Y chromosomes were differentially replaced, mostly by lineages of western Eurasian origin. Finally, our new estimates of the sub-Saharan contribution, on a more accurately defined general population, reduce an apparent divergence between genetic and historical data.Universidad Pablo Olavide. Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Filosofí

Dietary continuity and change at Panama Viejo from an interdisciplinary perspective, C. 600-1671

The study of food consumption during the colonial period in Panama Viejo traditionally has been based on chronicles and archival documentation. The present analysis reassesses the historical information about diet in this colonial enclave based on microbotanical, isotopic and bioanthropological evidence obtained from the excavations within and outside the remains of the old city¿s Cathedral in two locations and four chronological periods to complement and contrast written sources. The ensuing data sets, once integrated, point to the consumption of native plants, particularly maize, among people of different ancestral origins from the settlement¿s earliest years, as well as the consumption of wheat ¿ which could not be grown in the region ¿ plantains and rice, whose cultivation was introduced successfully. Stable isotope evidence indicates a shift from dietary strategies based on maize, seafood and terrestrial animal meat in pre-Hispanic and early colonial times to diets featuring more C3 plants, including rice, wheat, and plantains, as well beef and dairy products during the later colonial period. This gradual shift in dietary strategies appears among individuals of Indigenous American, African, European and mixed origins and ancestries, probably influenced by the nutritional and epidemiological stress registered in all of these populations.Universidad del Norte, ColombiaUniversidad de Antioquia, ColombiaCurt-Engelhorn Center for Archaeometry, Mannheim, German

New World Civitas, Contested Jurisdictions and Intercultural Conversation in the Construction of the Spanish Monarchy

Jurisdictional frontiers were created, contested, and negotiated among a wide range of actors, including native Americans and Europeans, with reference to the cities founded in Castilla del Oro (roughly present-day Panama). This research deals, first, with the reshaping of the concept of a city in the New World, based on its inhabitants' sense of civitas. It analyses, secondly, the creation and redefinition of jurisdiction during political conflicts and, third, the construction and maintenance of jurisdiction through local relations with indigenous populations described as "conversation". The analysis of the creation and preservation of local jurisdictions allows for an interpretation of the complexities involved in the configuration of political power and political space from below in the territories claimed by the Spanish Monarchy.Art Empir

La reina Juana: nuevos datos, nuevas interpretaciones

Actas de la VIII Reunión Científica de la Fundación Española de Historia Moderna. Madrid Junio de 2004Este trabajo extiende el análisis de la espiritualidad y el compromiso dinástico de la Reina Juana en tres direcciones. Considera posibles indicios de que Juana distribuyera ciertas reliquias de las once mil vírgenes mártires, compañeras de Santa Ursula, durante su estancia en Castilla como Princesa de Asturias en 1502-1503, señaladamente a la Abadía Clarisa de Rejas (Madrid). Igualmente vuelve a examinar la actuación de la Reina durante las Cortes de 1506 y posibles modelos espirituales para su posterior recogimiento.Peer reviewe

¿Entre dos mares? Reflexiones a partir de la Historia Atlántica y hacia tres conceptos de la Historia Global

Una reciente proliferación de publicaciones en torno a la historia global invita reflexionar sobre las transferencias metodológicas implícitas y posibles entre la Historia Atlántica y la Nueva Historia Global. La tipología propuesta en este artículo subraya avances en la Historia Atlántica aplicables más allá del Atlántico y entre el Atlántico y el Pacífico por rutas tan claves como las forjadas para cruzar el istmo de Panamá en la temprana globalización. Asimismo, se considera la necesidad heurística de diferenciar entre la historia del mundo y la historia global.A recent outpouring of scholarship in global history invites reflection on methodological transfers from Atlantic history and, in particular, discussion of the different concepts or types of global history pursued today. The new typology proposed for global history highlights lessons learned in the Atlantic that can be carried beyond it and extended across the Isthmus of Panama and to other crucial routes of early globalization. The heuristic need to differentiate between global and world history is also considered.Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Departamento de Geografía, Historia y Filosofía, Área de Historia Modern