Synchronization in Delayed Multiplex Networks

We study impact of multiplexing on the global phase synchronizability of different layers in the delayed coupled multiplex networks. We find that at strong couplings, the multiplexing induces the global synchronization in sparse networks. The introduction of global synchrony depends on the connection density of the layers being multiplexed, which further depends on the underlying network architecture. Moreover, multiplexing may lead to a transition from a quasi-periodic or chaotic evolution to a periodic evolution. For the periodic case, the multiplexing may lead to a change in the period of the dynamical evolution. Additionally, delay in the couplings may bring upon synchrony to those multiplex networks which do not exhibit synchronization for the undelayed evolution. Using a simple example of two globally connected layers forming a multiplex network, we show how delay brings upon a possibility for the inter layer global synchrony, that is not possible for the undelayed evolution.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figure

Synchronization in delayed multiplex networks

We study the impact of multiplexing on the global phase synchronizability of different layers in the delayed coupled multiplex networks. We find that at strong couplings, the multiplexing induces the global synchronization in sparse networks. The introduction of global synchrony depends on the connection density of the layers being multiplexed, which further depends on the underlying network architecture. Moreover, multiplexing may lead to a transition from a quasi-periodic or chaotic evolution to a periodic evolution. For the periodic case, the multiplexing may lead to a change in the period of the dynamical evolution. Additionally, delay in the couplings may bring upon synchrony to those multiplex networks which do not exhibit synchronization for the undelayed evolution. Using a simple example of two globally connected layers forming a multiplex network, we show how delay brings upon a possibility for the inter-layer global synchrony, that is not possible for the undelayed evolution

Male out-migration: a factor for the spread of HIV infection among married men and women in rural India.

INTRODUCTION: Thus far, the reasons for increasing HIV prevalence in northern and eastern Indian states are unknown. We investigated the role of male out-migration in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection through a case-control study in rural India. METHODS: Currently married men and women were recruited from HIV testing and treatment centers across seven selected districts with high rates of male out-migration in eastern and northern India in 2010 using a case-control study design. Case subjects (men: 595, women: 609) were people who tested HIV seropositive and control subjects (men: 611, women: 600) were those tested HIV seronegative. For each gender, we obtained adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and population attributable risks (PARs) for migration, and behavioral factors. RESULTS: For men, the prevalence of HIV was significantly higher among those with a migration history (AOR, 4.4); for women, the prevalence of HIV was higher among those with migrant husbands (AOR, 2·3). For both genders, the returned male migration (men: AOR, 3·7; women: AOR, 28) was significantly associated with higher prevalence of HIV infection. The PAR associated with male migration was higher for men (54.5%-68.6%) than for women (32·7%-56·9%) across the study areas. DISCUSSION: Male out-migration is the most important risk factor influencing the spread of HIV infection in rural areas with high out-migration rates, thereby emphasizing the need for interventions, particularly, for returned migrants and spouses of those migrants

Male out-migration and HIV in East and North India, 2010.

*<p>AOR: adjusted odds ratio; model controlled for age, education, occupation, duration of marriage, type of referral, study district, and reported sex with partner in exchange of money/gifts, lifetime.</p>†<p>PAR: Population-attributable risk; CI: Confidence interval; NE: Not estimable.</p

Socio-demographic and sexual characteristics of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative men and women—East and North India, 2010.

*<p>AOR: adjusted odds ratio; model controlled for age, education, occupation, duration of marriage, type of referral, study district, and reported sex with partner in exchange of money/gifts at least once in their lifetime.</p>1<p>Dependent variable: HIV seropositive (yes/no).</p

Sexual/behavioral characteristics of HIV seropositive and HIV seronegative men by male out-migration status—East and North India, 2010.

*<p>AOR: adjusted odds ratio; model controlled for age, education, occupation, duration of marriage, type of referral, and study district.</p>†<p>PAR: Population-attributable risk; CI: Confidence interval.</p