Actividad antifúngica contra botrytis cinerea de hongo endófito aislado desde planta endémica de Chile

Los hongos endófitos son organismos capaces de vivir dentro de las plantas sin causar síntomas de enfermedad, otorgándoles beneficios adaptativos, incluyendo defensa contra patógenos. Se ha descrito que estos hongos son capaces de secretar diversos metabolitos antifúngicos. Botrytis cinerea es un hongo fitopatógeno que afecta a más de 250 cultivos de importancia agrícola y ornamental, causando la enfermedad denominada “pudrición gris" provocando grandes pérdidas económicas alrededor del mundo. El método de control mayormente utilizado es el control por medio de aplicación de fungicidas, pero la selección de cepas resistentes y la preocupación por el cuidado del medio ambiente, han llevado al desarrollo de métodos alternativos para el control de la enfermedad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la capacidad antifúngica del endófito Alternaria sp. aislado de la planta endémica Lithraea caustica. Para esto, se realizaron ensayos de confrontación y se comprobó el efecto biocontrolador del endófito sobre B. cinerea. Luego se obtuvo un extracto desde el endófito y se evaluó la actividad antifúngica in- vitro sobre el crecimiento de B. cinerea, mostrando que el extracto obtenido tiene actividad antifúngica con un IC50 de 102,4 ppm. Los compuestos presentes en el extracto fueron separados por cromatografía, visualizándose doce compuestos, de los cuales cinco presentaron actividad antifúngica evaluada mediante bioautografía. Finalmente, se determinó que los metabolitos antifúngicos corresponden a compuestos fenólicos. La identificación de hongos endófitos capaces de secretar compuestos antifúngicos puede ayudar en el desarrollo de nuevas alternativas al uso de fungicidas convencionales para el control de la pudrición grisFil: Vidal, Araceli. Universidad de Santiago de ChileFil: Cotoras, Milena. Universidad de Santiago de ChileFil: Mendoza Leonora. Universidad de Santiago de Chil

Egg perivitelline fluid of the invasive snail Pomacea canaliculata affects mice gastrointestinal function and morphology

Background. Species beloging to the genus Pomacea (Ampullariidae), often referred as apple snails are freshwater, amphibious snails native to South, Central and North America. Some species such as P. canaliculata have become a driver of ecosystem changes in wetlands and an important rice and taro pest after its introduction to Asia and other parts of the world. Females deposit colored egg clutches above the waterline, a reproductive strategy that exposes the eggs to harsh conditions and terrestrial predation. However, eggs have no reported predators in their native range, probably because of the acquisition of unparalleled biochemical defenses provided by a set of proteins (perivitellins) that nourish embryos and protect them from predators and abiotic factors. Notably, ingestion of egg perivitelline fluid (PVF) decreases rat growth rate and alters their gastrointestinal morphology. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of apple snail egg PVF on mice gut digestive activity, morphology and nutrient absorption.Methods. Carbohydrate digestion by intestinal disaccharidases (sucrase-isomaltase and maltase-glucoamylase) was evaluated ex vivo in mice gavaged with 1 or 4 doses of PVF. Changes in gut morphological and absorptive surface were measured. In addition, alteration on nutrient absorption rates, transport pathways and intestinal permeability was evaluated by luminal perfusions of small intestine with radiolabeled L-proline (absorbed by paracellular and transcellular pathways) and L-arabinose (absorbed exclusively by paracellular pathway).Results. Perivitelline fluid affected mice displayed significant morphological changes in the small intestine epithelium inducing the appearance of shorter and wider villi as well as fused villi. This resulted in a diminished absorptive surface, notably in the proximal portion. Likewise, the activity of disaccharidases diminished in the proximal portion of the intestine. Total absorption of L-proline increased in treated mice in a dose-dependent manner. There were no differences neither in the ratio of paracellular-to-transcellular absorption of L-proline nor in gut permeability as revealed by the clearance of L-arabinose.Discussion. Oral administration of apple snail PVF to mice adversely alters gut morphophysiology by reducing the intestinal absorptive surface, affecting enzymes of sugar metabolism and increasing the absorption rate of nutrients without affecting the relative contribution of the absorption pathways or gut permeability. These results further support the role of PVF in passive anti-predator defenses in Pomacea snail eggs that target the digestive system.Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de La Plat

Las tecnologías de la información y comunicación y la experiencia de los clientes de una entidad bancaria, El Porvenir, Trujillo 2022

El sector de las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC) ha mantenido una relación privilegiada con el sector financiero desde la introducción de los primeros sistemas de información a mediados del siglo XX. También es destacable el desarrollo de la relación entre las instituciones financieras y sus clientes. Es por ello que la presente investigación tuvo por objetivo determinar la relación entre las TIC y la experiencia de los clientes de una entidad bancaria, Trujillo 2022. El enfoque usado en esta investigación es cuantitativo, con una metodología hipotética deductiva, de diseño no experimental correlacional, con una muestra no probabilística constituida por 207 clientes aleatorios de la entidad en estudio, a los cuales se le realizó dos cuestionarios valorados en la escala de Likert. Los resultados de este estudio revelan que la utilidad digital percibida tiene impactos positivos y significativos en la experiencia del cliente. Además, la dificultad en el uso de canales virtuales tiene impactos negativos y significativos en la satisfacción del cliente y la baja expectativa de asistencia

Interaction of both positive and negative daily-life experiences with FKBP5 haplotype on psychosis risk

Altres ajuts: Fundació La Marató de TV3 (091110)There is limited research on the interaction of both positive and negative daily-life environments with stress-related genetic variants on psychotic experiences (PEs) and negative affect (NA) across the extended psychosis phenotype. This study examined whether the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) variability moderates the association of positive and negative experiences in the moment with PEs and NA in participants with incipient psychosis and their nonclinical counterparts. A total of 233 nonclinical and 86 incipient psychosis participants were prompted for a 1-week period to assess their day-to-day experiences. Participants were genotyped for four FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, and rs9470080). Multilevel analyses indicated that, unlike the risk haplotype, the protective FKBP5 haplotype moderated all the associations of positive experiences with diminished PEs and NA in incipient psychosis compared with nonclinical group. Participants with incipient psychosis showed symptomatic improvement when reporting positive appraisals in the interpersonal domain, which suggests that these act as a powerful coping mechanism. The fact that this occurred in daily-life underscores the clinical significance of this finding and pinpoints the importance of identifying protective mechanisms. In addition, results seem to concur with the vantage sensitivity model of gene-environment interaction, which poses that certain genetic variants may enhance the likelihood of benefiting from positive exposures

Interaction of Both Positive and Negative Daily-Life Experiences with FKBP5 Haplotype on Psychosis Risk.

Background: There is limited research on the interaction of both positive and negative daily-life environments with stress-related genetic variants on psychotic experiences (PEs) and negative affect (NA) across the extended psychosis phenotype. This study examined whether the FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP5) variability moderates the association of positive and negative experiences in the moment with PEs and NA in participants with incipient psychosis and their nonclinical counterparts. Methods: A total of 233 nonclinical and 86 incipient psychosis participants were prompted for a 1-week period to assess their day-to-day experiences. Participants were genotyped for four FKBP5 single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs3800373, rs9296158, rs1360780, and rs9470080). Results: Multilevel analyses indicated that, unlike the risk haplotype, the protective FKBP5 haplotype moderated all the associations of positive experiences with diminished PEs and NA in incipient psychosis compared with nonclinical group. Conclusions: Participants with incipient psychosis showed symptomatic improvement when reporting positive appraisals in the interpersonal domain, which suggests that these act as a powerful coping mechanism. The fact that this occurred in daily-life underscores the clinical significance of this finding and pinpoints the importance of identifying protective mechanisms. In addition, results seem to concur with the vantage sensitivity model of gene-environment interaction, which poses that certain genetic variants may enhance the likelihood of benefiting from positive exposures

Informar sobre el capital intelectual: de la práctica actual de las empresas cotizadas a las necesidades del usuario

El presente trabajo explora, en primer lugar y a partir del análisis de contenido de las cuentas anuales, la práctica informativa de las empresas españolas cotizadas en relación a indicadores de Capital Intelectual (CI, en adelante). En segundo lugar, se analiza, a través de un estudio Delphi, la posible desconexión entre la información que necesitan los usuarios de esta información para tomar decisiones eficientes y la información suministrada de forma voluntaria por las empresas. Los resultados muestran que pese a que la información sobre CI suministrada es escasa y poco estructurada, los expertos valoran su utilidad en la toma de decisiones muy positivamente, así como la necesidad de avanzar en la construcción de indicadores objetivos y en la construcción de un marco normativo que permita a las empresas informar de manera comparable sobre su CI

Deep Learning Analyses to Delineate the Molecular Remodeling Process after Myocardial Infarction

Specific proteins and processes have been identified in post-myocardial infarction (MI) pathological remodeling, but a comprehensive understanding of the complete molecular evolution is lacking. We generated microarray data from swine heart biopsies at baseline and 6, 30, and 45 days after infarction to feed machine-learning algorithms. We cross-validated the results using available clinical and experimental information. MI progression was accompanied by the regulation of adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The infarct core region was enriched in processes related to muscle contraction and membrane depolarization. Angiogenesis was among the first morphogenic responses detected as being sustained over time, but other processes suggesting post-ischemic recapitulation of embryogenic processes were also observed. Finally, protein-triggering analysis established the key genes mediating each process at each time point, as well as the complete adverse remodeling response. We modeled the behaviors of these genes, generating a description of the integrative mechanism of action for MI progression. This mechanistic analysis overlapped at different time points; the common pathways between the source proteins and cardiac remodeling involved IGF1R, RAF1, KPCA, JUN, and PTN11 as modulators. Thus, our data delineate a structured and comprehensive picture of the molecular remodeling process, identify new potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets, and establish therapeutic windows during disease progression

Childhood trauma, BDNF Val66Met and subclinical psychotic experiences. Attempt at replication in two independent samples

Childhood trauma exposure is a robust environmental risk factor for psychosis. However, not all exposed individuals develop psychotic symptoms later in life. The Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val66Met polymorphism (rs6265) has been suggested to moderate the psychosis-inducing effects of childhood trauma in clinical and nonclinical samples. Our study aimed to explore the interaction effect between childhood trauma and the BDNF Val66Met polymorphism on subclinical psychotic experiences (PEs). This was explored in two nonclinical independent samples: an undergraduate and technical-training school student sample (n = 808, sample 1) and a female twin sample (n = 621, sample 2). Results showed that childhood trauma was strongly associated with positive and negative PEs in nonclinical individuals. A BDNF Val66Met x childhood trauma effect on positive PEs was observed in both samples. These results were discordant in terms of risk allele: while in sample 1 Val allele carriers, especially males, were more vulnerable to the effects of childhood trauma regarding PEs, in sample 2 Met carriers presented higher PEs scores when exposed to childhood trauma, compared with Val carriers. Moreover, in sample 2, a significant interaction was also found in relation to negative PEs. Our study partially replicates previous findings and suggests that some individuals are more prone to develop PEs following childhood trauma because of a complex combination of multiple factors. Further studies including genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors may provide insights in this field

Deep Learning Analyses to Delineate the Molecular Remodeling Process after Myocardial Infarction

Specific proteins and processes have been identified in post-myocardial infarction (MI) pathological remodeling, but a comprehensive understanding of the complete molecular evolution is lacking. We generated microarray data from swine heart biopsies at baseline and 6, 30, and 45 days after infarction to feed machine-learning algorithms. We cross-validated the results using available clinical and experimental information. MI progression was accompanied by the regulation of adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. The infarct core region was enriched in processes related to muscle contraction and membrane depolarization. Angiogenesis was among the first morphogenic responses detected as being sustained over time, but other processes suggesting post-ischemic recapitulation of embryogenic processes were also observed. Finally, protein-triggering analysis established the key genes mediating each process at each time point, as well as the complete adverse remodeling response. We modeled the behaviors of these genes, generating a description of the integrative mechanism of action for MI progression. This mechanistic analysis overlapped at different time points; the common pathways between the source proteins and cardiac remodeling involved IGF1R, RAF1, KPCA, JUN, and PTN11 as modulators. Thus, our data delineate a structured and comprehensive picture of the molecular remodeling process, identify new potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets, and establish therapeutic windows during disease progression