OBESIDADE EM GATOS: O PAPEL DO TECIDO ADIPOSO

Adipose tissue, once considered an inert energy storage depot, is now recognized as an endocrine organ that actively participates in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, energy regulation and inflammatory cascades. In obese individuals, the control of these processes is altered, and long-term changes in energy metabolism may predispose to peripheral insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. As in humans, obesity in cats also culminates in these energy changes. Therefore, this review aims to address the endocrine function of adipose tissue, as well as its correlation with obesity, using cats as an experimental model and comparing the findings between obese and non-obese individuals.O tecido adiposo já considerado um depósito de armazenamento de energia inerte, é atualmente reconhecido como um órgão endócrino que participa ativamente do metabolismo de carboidratos e lipídeos, da regulação energética e de cascatas inflamatórias. Em indivíduos obesos, o controle destes processos é alterado, e em longo prazo ocorrem mudanças no metabolismo energético que podem predispor a resistência periférica à insulina, a diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e a dislipidemia. Assim como em humanos, a obesidade em gatos também culmina nestas alterações energéticas. Com isto, esta revisão tem como objetivo abordar a função endócrina do tecido adiposo, bem como a sua correlação com a obesidade, usando gatos como modelo experimental, comparando os achados entre os indivíduos obesos e não obesos

Doença Renal Aguda em gatos: conquistas e desafios

A doença renal aguda (DRA) refere-se a uma síndrome clínica associada a alta morbidade e mortalidade, fazendo parte da síndrome de disfunção de múltiplos órgãos. Em medicina veterinária, estudos sobre a incidência de casos com DRA ainda são pouco elucidados, e a fisiopatologia da lesão renal aguda (LRA) é complexa, sendo caracterizada pela rápida diminuição da função excretora renal e consequente acúmulo de produtos do metabolismo de nitrogênio. Nesse contexto, o objetivo desse estudo foi apresentar a DRA com dados atuais sobre etiologia, patogenia, diagnóstico e tratamento

ASPECTOS CLÍNICOS E HEMATOLÓGICOS DA DOENÇA DO TRATO URINÁRIO INFERIOR EM FELINOS

Urethral obstruction is a urological condition considered to be common and potentially fatal in lower urinary tract disease (DTUIF). The main clinical signs of urethral obstruction are: pollakiuria, dysuria, hematuria, periuria, urination failure, anguish, anorexia, hypothermia, absence of libido or erection and during the clinical examination a full and firm urinary vesicle is observed, conditions that lead to the need for immediate intervention. Therefore, the objective of the study was to describe and compare clinical and hematological changes in cats with obstructive lower urinary tract disease and healthy cats. In the study, 30 cats were admitted and distributed in two groups: the control group composed of animals without clinical diseases and the obstructed group with animals clinically diagnosed with urinary obstruction. Detailed anamnesis of the animals, history, general physical examination with emphasis on urinary examination, ultrasound and complete hematological examination were performed. The main clinical changes in the obstructed animals were dehydration, bleached mucous membranes and hypothermia. The blood count of the obstructed animals showed a significant difference (p<0.05) to the average found when compared to the control group for erythrocyte count, hemoglobin concentration and globular volume, and the obstructed group presented values lower than the control. It can be concluded that hematological tests can identify important changes in the general inflammatory condition in obstructed animals, presenting neutrophilia, lymphopenia and monocytosis. In addition, longitudinal monitoring allows the progress of the disease and the risk of anemia to be monitored, as well as improvements in the clinical condition.A obstrução uretral é uma condição urológica considerada comum e potencialmente fatal na doença do trato urinário inferior (DTUIF). Os principais sinais clínicos da obstrução uretral são: polaquiúria, disúria, hematúria, periúria, insucesso na micção, angústia, anorexia, hipotermia, ausência de libido ou ereção e durante o exame clínico observa-se a vesícula urinária repleta e firme, condições que conduzem à necessidade de intervenção imediata. Diante disso, o objetivo do trabalho foi descrever e comparar alterações clínicas e hematológicas de gatos com doença do trato urinário inferior obstrutiva e gatos saudáveis. No estudo, foram admitidos 30 gatos e distribuídos em dois grupos: o grupo controle composto por animais sem afecções clínicas notáveis e o grupo obstruído com animais diagnosticados clinicamente com quadro de obstrução urinária. Foi realizada anamnese detalhada dos animais, histórico, realização de exame físico geral com ênfase no trato urinário, ultrassonografia e exame hematológico completo. As principais alterações clínicas dos animais obstruídos foram desidratação, mucosas hipocoradas e hipotermia. O hemograma dos animais obstruídos revelou diferença significativa (p<0,05) para as médias encontradas quando comparados com o grupo controle para contagem de eritrócitos, concentração de hemoglobina e volume globular, tendo o grupo obstruído apresentado valores inferiores ao controle. Pode-se concluir que os exames hematológicos podem identificar alterações importantes do quadro inflamatório geral em animais obstruídos, apresentando neutrofilia, linfopenia e monocitose. Além disso, observou-se que o monitoramento longitudinal possibilita acompanhar a progressão da enfermidade e o risco de anemia bem como a melhora do quadro clínico

Caracterização Morfológica e Utilização da GGT urinária no diagnóstico da Lesão Renal Aguda em Gatos / Morphological Characterization and Use of Urinary GGT in the Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Cats

Diante da prevalência da doença renal aguda em gatos com quadros obstrutivos e dos poucos estudos com marcadores moleculares de lesão renal aguda o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar as lesões renais e identificar a precocidade da lesão renal com gama glutamiltransferase urinária. Foram utilizados 20 gatos machos adultos, de diferentes raças, portadores de obstrução urinária causada por uma cistite idiopática felina diagnosticada clinicamente, por exames laboratoriais e de imagem além de um grupo controle de 10 gatos. Foi observado aumento dos valores de creatinina (p=0, 0068), ureia (p=0,0033) e relação proteína/creatinina urinária (p<0,05) comparado ao grupo controle. Os valores de GGTu não apresentaram diferenças estatísticas entre os grupos

A clinical and diagnostic approach of a dog with hyperadrenocorticism and hypothyroidism related: Case report

Dermatological diseases are the most frequent causes of veterinary appointments in the world. Hyperadrenocorticism is caused by the chronic excess of circulating endogenous or exogenous glucocorticoids, resulting in a set of physical and biochemical changes. Hypothyroidism is caused by imbalance in any part of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. These endocrinopathies cause bilaterally symmetrical alopecia and other skin disorders. The aim of this study was a dog, male, Yorkshire breed, which the presence of chronic dermatological alterations was reported. In the physical examination, bilaterally symmetrical alopecia, bilateral otitis and pyoderma were observed. Complementary laboratory tests required were: microbiology, parasitology, serum biochemistry and histopathology of the skin. Among other findings, the histopathological findings showed alterations suggestive of hormonal dermatosis: oto keratotic hyperkeratosis, sebaceous glands atrophy and hair follicles. The definitive diagnosis was obtained by combination of the complementary tests and clinical signs presented for the patient. So, it is clear the importance of using complementary laboratory tests such as histopathology and serum biochemistry combined with a correct clinical approach

Dermatological manifestations associated with canine hypothyroidism: A review

Canine endocrine dermatopathies account for 8.6% of the dermatological appointments, frequently presenting classic signs of non- pruritic bilaterally symmetrical alopecia that develops chronically. The most common are hypothyroidism, hyperadrenocorticism (HAC) and hyperestrogenism. Hypothyroidism is the most observed endocrine disease in dogs and it is characterized by a structural and / or functional abnormality in the gland, which leads to a deficient production of thyroid hormones. Clinical signs caused by insufficient thyroid hormones are commonly observed in the skin. Hormones produced by the thyroid are important in maintaining cutaneous function, once they perform a regulatory role in epidermal differentiation. Diagnosis of canine hypothyroidism is based on clinical and historical findings that are suggestive of the disease associated with supporting laboratory findings. The most frequently measured thyroid hormones are total tiroxine (TT4), total triiodothyronine (TT3) and free T4 (fT4). Skin biopsy may reveal histopathological findings highly suggestive of hypothyroidism such as vacuolization and arrector pili muscle hypertrophy. The combination of those knowledge is essential to the veterinarian when confronted with a chronic case of dermatological disorders, he or she may think about hypothyroidism as a possible diagnosis

Crotalus durissus venom: biological effects and relevant applications

Snakes have an important biological role in the ecological chain, as well as in scientific researches performed with the venoms produced by them, since the enzyme-protein fractions these substances possess have been studied as pharmacological tools for the discovery of new therapies. Snakes of the genus Crotalus have gained significant relevance in the scientific field, since the venom produced by these reptiles has been the target of researchers in a few decades, due to the composition and the effects that these substances can produce. In Brazil, a single species represents the genus, which is Crotalus durissus. This review demonstrates that even with the advancement in scientific research on the composition, role and application of the venom produced by the subspecies of Crotalus durissus snake, it is necessary to further study their fractions and their action potential, which also demonstrates the how rich are these active components in different fields of biomedicine

Nutritional approach of pregnant queens and neonate cats: A review

The knowledge about feline nutrition and its effects on the animal's health is a reality in veterinary medicine. It has had progressively more investments in this area, since the dietary management can prevent the development of certain diseases affecting many organ systems and assists in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal diseases and others. The nutrition of cats has its defined importance because the feline diet has its differences according to the physiological stage of the animal and its nutritional requirements. It is understood that the nutritional variations are more evident between different physiological stages than even among different species at the same physiological stage. There are many differences in nutritional management in cats when compared to dogs. Since the concentration of proteins and lipids up to the amounts of vitamins and minerals that are necessary. To understand the nutritional needs of the feline species is essential to establish a balanced and healthy diet that can provide to the animal a higher life expectancy associated with a great quality of life. The aim of this study is to conduct a literature review on the most important aspects of nutrition in domestic cats, emphasizing the different physiological stages and their requirements for an adequate management of the dietary needs of these animals

Ultrassonografia em gatos com doença renal crônica – Revisão de literatura

A Doença Renal Crônica (DRC) é uma afecção caracterizada por causar lesões estruturais e funcionais nos rins, provocando perda irreversível da função renal, uremia e falência renal. Essa doença é classificada pela Sociedade Internacional de Interesse Renal (IRIS) em quatros estágios distintos, diferenciados através de parâmetros específicos. Tendo em vista a prevalência da DRC no que se refere a causa de óbito em gatos, é de suma importância estabelecer seu diagnóstico, tratamento e posterior progressão em pacientes acometidos. A ultrassonografia surge assim como um exame essencial para proporcionar análise completa dos rins, e acompanhamento de animais com DRC, por ser mais acessível e não invasiva. Desse modo, essa revisão de literatura tem o intuito de ressaltar a significância da ultrassonografia como importante meio para monitorar de forma não invasiva a DRC em gatos, proporcionando assim menos estresse a esses pacientes, além de auxiliar o médico veterinário quanto a progressão da DRC.