High Power Laser and Photobiomodulation in Oral Surgery: Case Report

Introduction: The labial frenum is a fold of mucous membrane that attaches the lip and the cheek to the alveolar mucosa, the gingiva, and the underlying periosteum. In some cases, its presence can cause a midline diastema, periodontal diseases related to food impaction, or retention of biofilm, among others. In such cases, lip frenectomy is indicated as treatment, which can be performed with a scalpel (conventional method), an electric scalpel, or a surgical laser.Objective: To show a clinical case performed at Laser Extension Project in Dentistry, Federal University of Maranhão grounded in a literature review.Case Presentation: A laser frenectomy was performed on a female patient, aged 20, who had a diastema between the upper central incisors and an indication for frenum removal. The high-power diode laser is excellent for procedures in soft tissue because its wavelength is well absorbed by hemoglobin and other pigments; its use also allows a reduction in the amount of anesthetic and medicines used. The parameters used were 2 W, in a continuous mode, 808 nm infrared emission; with delivery of the beam through optical fiber 300 μM; energy of 120 J; 20 pps.Conclusion: the high power diode laser allowed a satisfactory result, the procedure was safe, the technique was a simple one and of reduced clinical time, as mentioned in the literature. It is worth noting that the technique is dependent on the skill of the professional performing it

The effects of photobiomodulation therapy for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity

Objective: This case report proposes a treatment for dentin hypersensitivity (DH) using photobiomodulation (PBT) with low power diode laser. Methods and Results: Male patient, 28 years old, reporting “dental sensitivity,” diagnosed by anamnesis and intraoral examination, with non-carious cervical lesions (NCCL) and DH on teeth 15 to 25, with different pain intensities, measured with visual analogue scale (VAS). For DH treatment, a PBT was proposed, with 808nm, 100mW, 20s and 2J of energy, applied during 3 sessions, with one-week interval and reevaluation after 30 days. After the first session, the patient reported improvement of sensitivity in all teeth, except for 15, that remained sensitive even during the reevaluation. Conclusion: PBT was effective in DH treatment, with desensitization being observed for 30 days in 90% of treated teeth.Objetivo: Este relato de caso propõe um tratamento para a hipersensibilidade dentinária (HD) usando fotobiomodulação (FBM) com laser de diodo de baixa potência. Métodos e Resultados: Paciente do sexo masculino, 28 anos, relatando “sensibilidade da dentina”, diagnosticado por anamnese e exame intraoral, com lesões cervicais não cariosas (LCNC) e HD nos dentes 15 a 25, com diferentes intensidades de dor, medidas com escala visual analógica (EVA). Para o tratamento da HD, foi proposto uma FBM, com 808nm, 100mW, 20s e 2J de energia, aplicada durante 3 sessões, com intervalo de uma semana e reavaliação após 30 dias. Após a primeira sessão, o paciente relatou melhora da sensibilidade em todos os dentes, exceto no 15, que permaneceu sensível mesmo durante a reavaliação. Conclusão: FBM foi eficaz no tratamento da HD, com dessensibilização sendo observada por 30 dias em 90% dos dentes tratados

Photobiomodulation therapy in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders: Case report

Objective: To report a clinical case using the photobiomodulation in the treatment of the temporomandibular dysfunction providing analgesia and greater buccal opening. Case report: Patient, 24-year-old, female, with temporomandibular dysfunction was treated in the “Laser Therapy in Dentistry” extension project at the Federal University of Maranhão. The diagnosis was made through a careful anamnesis, clinical examination and questionnaire application. The laser device used in the treatment was the low power one whose active medium is composed by a semiconductor diode of Gallium and Aluminum Arsenide (GaAlAs). The protocol used for the treatment was 808 nm wavelength, 60 s, 6 J energy per point, in a total of ten sessions. In the second session, during the evaluation, the patient reported a significant improvement in the degree of pain and the measure of mouth opening ranged from 25 mm to 40 mm. Conclusion: Photobiomodulation has proved to be an effective modality for the treatment of this disorder.Objetivo: Relatar um caso clínico utilizando a terapia de fotobiomodulação no tratamento da disfunção temporomandibular proporcionando analgesia e maior abertura bucal. Relato de caso: Paciente, gênero feminino, 24 anos e portadora de disfunção temporomandibular, foi atendida para tratamento no projeto de extensão “Laserterapia em Odontologia” da Universidade Federal do Maranhão. O diagnóstico foi feito através de uma anamnese criteriosa, exame clínico e aplicação de questionário. O aparelho de laser utilizado no tratamento foi o de baixa potência cujo meio ativo é composto por um diodo semicondutor de Arseneto de Gálio e Alumínio (GaAlAs). O protocolo utilizado para o tratamento foi de comprimento de onda 808 nm, 60 s, 6 J de energia por ponto, em um total de dez sessões. Já na segunda sessão, durante a avaliação, a paciente relatou melhora significativa do grau de dor e a medida de abertura bucal variou de 25 mm a 40 mm. Conclusão: A fotobiomodulação se mostrou uma modalidade eficaz para o tratamento desta desordem

Aging influence on roughness and color stability of encapsulated glass ionomer cements

Objetivo: Analisar efeitos de diferentes envelhecimentos sobre a rugosidade e a cor de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) encapsulados. Materiais e métodos: Foram testados dois cimentos de ionômero de vidro [convencional/ Self Cure (SC) e resino modificado/Light Cure (LC)] e envelhecimentos [(baseline, pós-ciclagem térmica e pós- -ciclagem térmica + armazenamento por sete meses)]. 52 discos (n = 13) foram confeccionados. A cor foi avaliada por dois espectrofotômetros (VITA Easyshade e Konica Minolta CE3700A), e a rugosidade pelo perfilômetro óptico (Proscan 2100, Scantron). Resultados: ANOVA dois fatores e teste de Tukey (p < 0,05) foram realizados. Os CIVs apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre si (p < 0,05) para rugosidade (SC = 0,202 μm e LC = 0,241), os envelhecimentos alteraram significativamente a rugosidade baseline = 0,278 μm, ciclado = 0,220 μm e ciclado-armazenado = 0,167 μm, e para cor (SC ΔE = 3,89 e o LC ΔE = 4,94). Para ΔL*, Δa*, Δb* houve diferença na interação dos fatores, com maior alteração do ΔL* para o CIV LC após ciclagem + armazenagem. Para Δa* houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p < 0,05) entre os envelhecimentos, sendo maior para o grupo CIV LC após ciclagem. Maior alteração Δb* foi observada para o CIV LC após ciclagem + armazenagem. Conclusões: Os diferentes CIVs possuem rugosidade superficial e cor diferentes. O CIV LC mostrou-se mais rugoso quando comparado ao SC, porém ambos se tornaram menos rugosos com o passar do tempo. O protocolo de envelhecimento que mais interfere na rugosidade e na cor de diferentes tipos de CIV é a ciclagem térmica seguida de armazenamento.Objective: To analyze effects of differents agings on the roughness and color of different encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GIC). Materials and methods: Two glass ionomer cements (Conventional/Self Cure (SC) and modified resin/Light Cure (LC)) and three aging (baseline, post-thermal cycling and post-thermal cycling + storage for 7 months). Fifty-two discs (n = 13) were made. The color stability was performed with spectrophotometers (VITA Easyshade and Konica Minolta CE3700A), and the roughness test with optical profilometer (Proscan 2100, Scantron). Results: The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The GICs presented statistically significancy when compared (p < 0.05), for roughness (SC = 0,202μm e LC = 0,241), the aging protocols tested promoted a significant change in surface roughness baseline = 0,278μm, post-cycling = 0,220μm and storage = 0,167μm and for the color (SC ΔE = 3,89 and LC ΔE = 4,94). However, the interaction between the factors was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). For ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, there was a difference in the interaction of the factors, with a greater change in ΔL* for the GIC LC post-thermal cycling + storage). For Δa* there was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between aging, being the higher alteration for the GIC LC group post-thermal cycling. Greater change in the b* coordinate was observed for the GIC LC post-thermal cycling + storage. Conclusions: The different GICs presented different surface roughness and color. The resin-modified GIC LC showed to be rougher when compared to the conventional GIC SC. However, both GICs became less rough over time. The post-thermal cycling + storage for 7 months was the aging protocol that most interfered in the roughness and color of different types of GICs

Is It Necessary to Prepare the Enamel before Dental Bleaching?

The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the influence of distinct surface treatments on the microhardness and color of enamel that will be bleached. Surface treatments are tested, accordingly: G1, no treatment; G2, 2% sodium fluoride; G3, casein phosphopeptide paste; G4, 2% fluoride+Nd:YAG laser. Forty blocks from bovine teeth composed the sample that were tested in Knoop microhardness (n=10) and in color change (n=10). After 24 h, bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide was performed for 45 min. Microhardness and color changes (using parameters ΔE, ΔL, Δa, and Δb) were assessed before and after bleaching. The data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p<0.05). Despite all surface treatments, a reduction of enamel microhardness occurred immediately after bleaching in all groups, being greater in G1. Enamel color changed in all groups. Immediately after bleaching, there was a decrease on enamel microhardness. However, after 7 days, some of those specimens previously treated before bleaching significantly recovered their initial microhardness without influencing the esthetic results of bleaching