Intervenções de enfermagem destinadas ao cuidador informal da pessoa em cuidados paliativos: uma scoping review

Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em EnfermagemSer cuidador informal de uma pessoa em cuidados paliativos pressupõe um desafio enorme para o mesmo, implicando uma mudança das suas rotinas, prioridades e a forma como vêem a vida, no geral. Todas as consequências que advertem desta situação relacionam-se com o desgaste físico, emocional e social do cuidador informal. Deste modo, o presente estudo tem como principal objetivo mapear a evidência disponível para identificar as intervenções de enfermagem direcionadas ao cuidador informal da pessoa em situação paliativa. Para tal, realizou-se uma scoping review recorrendo às bases de dados Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (via EBSCO), National Library of Medicine (via PUBMED) e Medline (via EBSCO), tendo em conta os seguintes descritores em saúde: nursing, nursing care, caregiver e palliative care. Para a realização deste projeto atendeu-se à aplicação de filtros, tais como: documentos em texto integral, de acesso gratuito, publicados nos últimos cincam anos e nos idiomas português e inglês. No total, inicialmente, foram encontrados 190 artigos, tendo sido selecionados apenas seis para integrarem esta scoping review. Concluiu-se que, as intervenções de enfermagem destinadas aos cuidadores informais da pessoa em cuidados paliativos estão agrupadas da seguinte forma: apoio emocional, físico e social; e educação para a saúde. Todas as intervenções realizadas, por enfermeiros, aos cuidadores estão direcionadas para o auxílio do mesmo, tendo em conta todas as consequências da drástica mudança nas suas vidas.Being an informal caregiver of a person that is in palliative care foresees an enormous challenge: implies a change of routine, priorities, and the way they face life itself. The consequences that come from this situation relate with the physical, emotional and social exhaustion of the informal caregiver. Thus, the present study has the main goal of map the available evidence to identify the nursing interventions directed to the informal caregiver of the person in palliative care. For that, a scoping review was done using Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (via EBSCO), National Library of Medicine (via PUBMED) and Medline (via EBSCO) databases, following the next health descriptors: nursing, nursing care, caregiver and palliative care. Filters were applied in the research made for completion of this project, such as: documents with full text, of free access, published in the last five years and in both Portuguese and English. In total, initially, 190 articles were found, being selected only six to be part of this scoping review. In conclusion, the nursing interventions destined to the informal caregivers of the person in palliative care are grouped like this: emotional, physical and social support; and health education. All the interventions done, by nurses, to the caregivers are directed to the help of the caregiver, taking into account all of the consequences of this drastic change in their lives.N/

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data