Correlation between participation in physical activity and healthy nutrition: An example of a sports science faculty

Background: It is important to encourage people to participate in physical activities and to develop motivational approaches to healthy nutrition in order to maintain a healthy life. This study was conducted to examine the relationship between the physical activity levels of university students and their attitudes to healthy nutrition. Material and methods: 392 (153 female and 239 male) university students voluntarily participated in the study. In the study, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF) and the Attitude Scale for Healthy Nutrition (ASHN) were used Results: As a result of the analysis conducted in the study group, in the comparison of the students studying at the sports sciences department in terms of gender, smoking and regular exercise variables, a statistically significant difference was found in the level of participation in physical activity in the variable of meals consumed during the day. A positive significant relationship was found between the participants' attitude towards healthy nutrition and their level of participation in physical activity. Conclusions: It was determined that students with high participation in physical activity also have high attitudes towards healthy nutrition

Mental Training Skills of Athletes According to Various Variables

This study was carried out based on the scanning model in order to examine the mental training skill profiles of athletes according to different variables. 417 athletes (Mean age = 20.62 ± 1.97) participated in the study voluntarily. Personal Information Form and Mental Training Inventory in Sports were applied to the participants. SPSS 25.00 package program was used for data analysis. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, T-test for Independent Groups and Pearson Product Moments Correlation. In the findings obtained, in terms of interpersonal skills, female athletes are ahead of male athletes and team athletes than individual athletes; in view of the basic mental skills sub-dimension, it was found that the average scores of individual athletes were higher than team athletes, and the mental visualization skills of national athletes were higher than non-national athletes (

The Effects of Morphological Structure and Fatigue on the Passing Skill in Pre-Pubescent Basketball Players

The aim of the study was to examine the effects of morphological structures and fatigue levels of pre-pubescent basketball players on basketball passing skill. Twenty-three male basketball players (age = 10.5 ± 0.71) who train regularly participated in the study voluntarily. The American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation and Dance (AAHPERD) Basketball Pass Test was used to determine participants' passing skills. To determine the fatigue intensity participants were required to perform as many squat thrusts as possible in one minute. The Heath-Carter method was used to determine somatotype characteristics. In the statistical analysis, Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient was used in determining the level of relationship between parameters, while Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to determine the difference between rest passing skill and fatigue passing skill. The endomorphic structure had a negative correlation with rest passing and fatigue passing scores (rho = -0.42, -0.55; p <0.05, p <0.01, respectively). The mesomorphic structure had a negative correlation with fatigue passing score (rho = -0.45; p <0.05). A moderate positive correlation was found with the fatigue passing score of the ectomorpic structure (rho = 0.58, p <0.01). Significant differences were found between the passing scores of basketball players' rest and fatigue (p<0.01). As a result, it was determined that both rest and fatigue passing scores decreased with the increased of the endomorphic structure representing the fatness feature and also fatigue passing scores decreased with the increased of the mesomorphic structure. But, fatigue passing score increased with the increased of the ectomorphic structures of basketball players. In addition, the results of the study showed that as the fatigue levels of pre-pubescent basketball players increased, the passing skill levels decreased

Effects of flaxseed intake on vascular contractile function in diabetic rats

In diabetes, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality is vasculopathy. Though flaxseed (FXS) is known for improving cardiovascular health, only limited studies are available on FXS concerning diabetic vascular reactivity. Hence, in this study, we studied vascular reactivity changes after FXS treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat aortae. Female Wistar rats were divided into following four groups: control (C), FXS treated (CT), diabetic (D), and FXS treated diabetic (DT) groups. FXS (0,714 g/kg/day; orally) was started after one week of STZ injection and was given for 12 weeks, phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions were obtained on isolated aortic rings in the presence of indomethacin, L-NAME and superoxide dismutase (SOD), individually. Phe-responses were increased significantly in D group and completely improved after FXS intake, whereas FXS increased vascular reactivity to Phe in C group. Indomethacin incubation significantly attenuated Phe-induced contractions in all groups of aorta, particularly in D group. L-NAME incubation significantly increased Phe responses in all groups except D group. SOD incubation decreased the contractions efficiently in D group. The decreament was much lower in DT compared to D group, but reverse effects were observed in CT group. Our findings suggest FXS may provide beneficial effects on diabetes-induced vascular reactivity changes through NO and prostaglandin dependent pathways, but in healty condition FXS may have adverse effect probably via pro-oxidant activity

Effects of flaxseed intake on vascular contractile function in diabetic rats

398-405In diabetes, one of the most important causes of morbidity and mortality is vasculopathy. Though flaxseed (FXS) is known for improving cardiovascular health, only limited studies are available on FXS concerning diabetic vascular reactivity. Hence, in this study, we studied vascular reactivity changes after FXS treatment on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat aortae. Female Wistar rats were divided into following four groups: control (C), FXS treated (CT), diabetic (D), and FXS treated diabetic (DT) groups. FXS (0,714 g/kg/day; orally) was started after one week of STZ injection and was given for 12 weeks, phenylephrine (Phe)-induced contractions were obtained on isolated aortic rings in the presence of indomethacin, L-NAME and superoxide dismutase (SOD), individually. Phe-responses were increased significantly in D group and completely improved after FXS intake, whereas FXS increased vascular reactivity to Phe in C group. Indomethacin incubation significantly attenuated Phe-induced contractions in all groups of aorta, particularly in D group. L-NAME incubation significantly increased Phe responses in all groups except D group. SOD incubation decreased the contractions efficiently in D group. The decreament was much lower in DT compared to D group, but reverse effects were observed in CT group. Our findings suggest FXS may provide beneficial effects on diabetes-induced vascular reactivity changes through NO and prostaglandin dependent pathways, but in healty condition FXS may have adverse effect probably via pro-oxidant activity

Recent Advances in Health Biotechnology During Pandemic

The outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which emerged in 2019, cut the epoch that will make profound fluctuates in the history of the world in social, economic, and scientific fields. Urgent needs in public health have brought with them innovative approaches, including diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. To exceed the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, various scientific authorities in the world have procreated advances in real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based diagnostic tests, rapid diagnostic kits, the development of vaccines for immunization, and the purposing pharmaceuticals for treatment. Diagnosis, treatment, and immunization approaches put for- ward by scientific communities are cross-fed from the accrued knowledge of multidisciplinary sciences in health biotechnology. So much so that the pandemic, urgently prioritized in the world, is not only viral infections but also has been the pulsion in the development of novel approaches in many fields such as diagnosis, treatment, translational medicine, virology, mi- crobiology, immunology, functional nano- and bio-materials, bioinformatics, molecular biol- ogy, genetics, tissue engineering, biomedical devices, and artificial intelligence technologies. In this review, the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the development of various scientific areas of health biotechnology are discussed

EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STRETCHING METHODS ON SPEED, JUMP, FLEXIBILITY AND UPPER EXTREMITY PERFORMANCE IN WRESTLERS

The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of different stretching methods on acceleration, vertical jump (CMJ), flexibility and upper extremity performance of young wrestlers. 8 young female wrestlers (15.37 +/- 1.06 years; 162.46 +/- 4.12 cm and 57.47 +/- 6.41 kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Stretching methods were divided into five groups: control (no stretching), static, dynamic, static + dynamic and dynamic + static. The findings showed faster speed performance after control (p = .012; eta 2 = 0.57), dynamic stretching (p = .050; eta 2 = 1.11) and static + dynamic combined stretching (p = .043; eta 2 = 0.96) compared to static stretching; and there is a statistically significant positive difference according to the test averages after dynamic stretching (p = .050; eta 2 = 0.91) compared to dynamic + static combined stretching (p0.05). It was determined that the acute effect of static stretching had a negative effect on acceleration performances and dynamic stretching caused an increase in jump performance. This study suggests that dynamic and static + dynamic stretching can be used in young wrestlers to provide better performance in acceleration and jumping skills during warm-up sessions

On iki haftalık pliometrik antrenman programının 14-16 yaş grubu bayan futbolcuların bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametreleri üzerine etkisi

On iki haftalık pliometrik antrenman programının 14-16 yaş grubu bayan futbolcuların bazı fiziksel ve fizyolojik parametreleri üzerine etkisinin incelenmesi amacı ile yapılmıştır. Çalışmaya 15 deney, 20 kontrol grubu olmak üzere toplam 35 futbolcu gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Deney grubuna on iki hafta haftada iki gün pliometrik egzersiz ve teknik antrenman, kontrol grubuna ise haftada iki gün sadece teknik antrenman uygulanmıştır. Deneklerin egzersiz programı öncesi ve sonrası boy, vücut ağırlığı, istirahat kalp atım sayısı, vücut kompozisyonu, aerobik güç, anaerobik güç, esneklik, 30 m sürat, yatay sıçrama, bacakkuvveti, sırt kuvveti, durarak sağlık topunu çift elle öne atma, durarak sağlık topunu tek elle (sağ ve sol) itme, mekik, şınav, altıgen engel ve zig-zag testi ölçümleri yapıldı. Deneklerin ön ve son test değerlerinin karşılaştırılmasında PairedSamples t - testi ile yapılmış, gruplararası karşılaştırmada ise İndependentSamples t testi uygulanmıştır. Sonuçların 0.05 0.01 önem seviyesinde olup olmadığına bakılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda deney grubunun ön ve son testleri karşılaştırıldığında İ.K.A.S. vücut yoğunluğu, vücut yağ yüzdesi, vücut yağ ağırlığı, bacak ve sırt kuvveti, mekik koşu (max VO2), yatay ve dikey sıçrama, anaerobik güç, mekik ve şınav testi, 30 m sürat, altıgen, zigzag, durarak sağlık topunu çift ve tek elle atma, esneklik değerlerinde anlamlı düzeyde gelişme görülmüştür (p&#706;0,01, p&#706;0,05). Gruplararası değerlendirme deney ve kontrol grubu son test değerlerinde İ.K.A.S. mekik testi, sırt kuvveti, yatay sıçrama, durarak sağlık topunu çift ve tek elle atma, anaerobik güç değerlerinde anlamlı artış elde edilmiştir (p&#706;0,01, p&#706;0,05). Sonuç olarak, on iki hafta süre ile uygulanan pliometrik antrenmanın, vücut kompozisyonu, sürat, kuvvet, sıçrama yeteneği ve anaerobik güç üzerine performans açısından olumlu etkisi olduğu söylenebilir.This study has been conducted to understand both physical and physiological parameters effects on women soccers containing in 14-16 years of training programme including twelve (12) weeks . Thirty-five volunteers ( 15 experimental and 20 control groups ) have participated to this research . Plyometrics and technical training have been carried out experimental group twice a week during twelve ( 12 )weeks, however control group has been implemented only technical training twice a week in this duration. Before and after training programme of experimental have been made body weight, the number of heart beats at rest, body composition, aerobic power, anaerobic power, flexibility, 30 m. speed, horizontal leaping, leg strenght, back strenght, throwing the health ball forward with two hands and one hand by standing ( left and right hand ), shuttle, push-ups, hexagonal chicane and zig-zag test measurements. While comparing pre and post test values of experimentals, we have used the test paired samples T- , but comparisons between groups have been practised the test independent samples t. Whether the results are 0.05 0.01 at the level of significance have been controlled. While compared of experimental groups pre and post tests as a result of this study, the density of the body, İKAS, the percentage of body fat, weight of body fat, the strenght of leg and back, shuttle running ( max VO2 ), horizontal and vertical leaping, anaerobic power, shuttle and push-up tests, 30 m speed, hexagon, zig-zag, throwing the health ball with two hands and one hand by standing and flexibility values have been significantly improved ( p <0.01, p < 0.05 ). In the last test values of experimental and control groups of intergroup evaluation, ıt has been achieved a meaningful increasing such as shuttle test of İKAS, back strenght, horizontal leaping, throwing health ball with two hands and one hand by standing, anaeorobic power measurements ( p < 0.01, p< 0.05 ). As a result of this study, we can say that plyometric training practiced for twelve (12 ) weeks have effected body composition, speed, strenght, leaping ability, anaeorobic power positively

The Relationship between Anthropometric Characteristics and Motoric Performance of Female Futsal Players

The aim of this study is analyzing the relationship between anthropometric characteristics and motoric performance of female futsal players. 17 female futsal players participated in the study. Vertical jumping, 10 meter acceleration, 20 meter speed and zigzag running agility tests, and anthropometric measurements were used for the performance evaluation. 'Shapiro-Wilk' test was used for normal distribution analysis. 'Pearson's Product-Moment Analysis' was used in the correlation analysis of normal distributed data while 'Spearman's Rank Correlation Coefficient' was used in the correlation analysis of non-normal distributed data. Significant relationships were detected among the acceleration test values and the speed and zigzag running agility test values (respectively; r = .634, p0.05). As a result, to improve motoric performance with anthropometric characteristics it is suggested that a distinct education strategy within the current training program should be prepared

The Effect Of Isotonıc Drınks On Endurance Performance And Recovery Levels Of Athletes

Bu çalışma; sporcularda tek doz akut olarak alınan izotonik içeceğin dayanıklılık performansı ve toparlanma seviyeleri üzerine etkilerini araştırmak için yapıldı. Bu çalışmada aynı sporculara izotonik içecek ve placebo olmak üzere 2 ölçüm uygulandı. Değerlendirmeyi takiben her iki ölçüm programına devam eden 18-21 yaş arası 12 sporcu çalışmaya dahil edildi. Çalışma çift kör planlandı. Teste koşu bandında % 0 eğimde, 8 km/s koşu hızında başlandı ve üç dakika sonra hız 10 km/s e çıkarıldı. 10 km/s hızdan sonra her üç dakikada bir hız 1 km/s arttırılarak sporcu testi kendisi bırakana kadar sürdürdü. Sporcular teste başlamadan ve her hız artımından önce 1 dk. dinlendirilerek kulak memelerinden kan alındı. Test sırasında laktat değerleri ve kalp atım sayıları kaydedildi. Sporcu testi bıraktıktan sonra oturarak her 5 dakikada bir kulak memesinden kan alındı ve laktat seviyeleri 2 mmol/l düzeyine gelene kadar toparlanma süreleri takip edildi. Grubun ölçümler arası farklılıklar Wilcoxon İşaret testi kullanılarak incelendi. Çalışma sonunda; izotonik ölçümlerin koşu hızlarına karşılık gelen kalp atım sayısı, laktat ve borg skala değerlerinde, 25 dk toparlanma süresine karşılık gelen laktat seviyelerinde, 40 dk toparlanma süresine denk gelen kalp atım sayısında, anaerobik eşiğe (4 mmol/l) ve tükenme seviyelerine karşılık gelen koşu hızı değerlerinde placebo ölçümüne göre istatistiksel açıdan anlamlı farklılık elde edildi (p<0,05). Sonuç olarak tek doz akut olarak alınan izotonik içeceğin sporcularda kan laktat seviyelerini geciktirdiği, toparlanma ve tükenme sürelerinde pozitif etkili olduğu, dayanıklılık performans düzeyleri placebo ölçümüne göre daha yüksek olduğu tespit edildi. Bu tür izotonik içeceklerin uzun süreli dayanıklılık performansı gerektiren sporlar için yararlı olabileceği söylenebilir.This study has been carried out in order to examine the effect of isotonic drink taken as single dose acute by athletes on endurance performance and recovery level. 2 measurements have been applied to the same athletes in this study. 12 athletes aged 18-21 who are continued both measurement programs have been integrated into the study following the evaluation. The study has been planned double blind. The test was started at 0% incline on the treadmill at a running speed of 8 km / h and after three minutes the speed was increased to 10 km / h. After the speed of 10 km/h, the running has continued by increasing the speed 1 km/h in every 3 minutes until the experimental subject stopped running. Before athletes begin to measure and 1 minute before each speed increase and blood was taken from the earlobes. Heart rate counts and lactate values were recorded during the measurement. After the experimental subject had stopped the measurement, blood has been taken from the earlobes once in every five minutes sitting. Recovery time of the athletes has been followed until their lactate level reach the level of 2 mmol/l. The differences of the group in view of the values between measurements (placebo-isotonic) has been examined by using Wilcoxon Mark test. At the end of the study, when the differences between measurements have been examined, there has been a significant difference statistically in isotonic measurements in comparison with placebo measurements in the values of heart rate, lactate and borg scale corresponding to running speed, in lactate levels corresponding to 25 min. recovery time, heart rate corresponding to 40 min recovery time and running speed values corresponding to anaerobic threshold and exhaustion level (p<0,05). As a conclusion, it has been found out that isotonic drink taken as single dose acute retards the blood and lactate levels, it has effect on recovery and exhaustion time. It has been pointed out that endurance performance is higher than the placebo measurement. It can be said that these kinds of isotonic drinks may be useful for the sports requiring long standing endurance performance