6 research outputs found

    High-Level Expression of Recombinant Bovine Lactoferrin in Pichia pastoris with Antimicrobial Activity

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    In this study, bovine lactoferrin (bLf), an iron-binding glycoprotein considered an important nutraceutical protein because of its several properties, was expressed in Pichia pastoris KM71-H under AOX1 promoter control, using pJ902 as the recombinant plasmid. Dot blotting analysis revealed the expression of recombinant bovine lactoferrin (rbLf) in Pichia pastoris. After Bach fermentation and purification by molecular exclusion, we obtained an expression yield of 3.5 g/L of rbLf. rbLf and predominantly pepsin-digested rbLf (rbLfcin) demonstrated antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) BL21DE3, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) FRI137, and, in a smaller percentage, Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Ps. Aeruginosa) ATCC 27833. The successful expression and characterization of functional rbLf expressed in Pichia pastoris opens a prospect for the development of natural antimicrobial agents produced recombinantly

    An谩lisis morfol贸gico de la diversidad del pasto navajita [Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex kunth) lag. ex steud.], en Chihuahua, M茅xico

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    An efficient morphologic characterization of plants includes evaluation of forage traits. The objective was to analyze morphologic diversity in native populations of blue grama grass [Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Steud.] in Chihuahua. In 2006, 173 ecotypes were collected in Chihuahua and transplanted in La Campana Experimental Site. Ecotypes were evaluated through morphological traits and their population structure was defined. Principal component and cluster analysis were used for data analysis. The three first principal components explained 57.3 % of total variation. The PC1, PC2 and PC3 explained 35.3 %, 12.4 % and 9.52 % of the global variation, respectively. Most important variables for PC1 were forage yield, stem density, and plant height, for PC2 were spikelet width, inflorescence length and spikelet number, and for PC3, stem diameter, leaf width and spikelet length. The PC1 included variables related to growth capacity. The PC2 grouped variables associated to propagation and dispersion. The PC3 included variables related to biomass accumulation. Also, four groups were obtained from the 145 established ecotypes. Groups 1, II, III, and IV included 59, 24, 19, and 43 ecotypes, respectively. A high morphological diversity was observed and ecotypes with high forage potential were detected according to their morphological trails. Genetic variability in blue grama grass from Chihuahua is readily available and specimens having excellent forage characteristics could be used in range improvements programs.Una eficiente caracterizaci贸n morfol贸gica de plantas es el empleo de descriptores forrajeros seleccionados. El objetivo fue analizar la diversidad morfol贸gica de poblaciones nativas del pasto navajita [Bouteloua gracilis (Willd. ex Kunth) Lag. ex Steud.]. En el a帽o 2006 se recolectaron 173 ecotipos de navajita en Chihuahua, y se trasplantaron en el Sitio Experimental La Campana. Los ecotipos establecidos se calificaron mediante descriptores morfol贸gicos y se defini贸 su estructura poblacional. Los datos se analizaron por medio de componentes principales (CP) y conglomerados jer谩rquicos. Los tres primeros componentes explicaron 57.3 % de la variaci贸n total obtenida. El CP1 explic贸 35.3 %, el CP2 12.4 % y el CP3 9.52 % de la variaci贸n global. Para el CP1 las variables m谩s importantes fueron rendimiento de forraje, densidad de tallos y altura de forraje, para el CP2, grosor de espigas, longitud de inflorescencia y n煤mero de espigas y en el CP3, di谩metro de tallo, ancho de l谩mina de hoja y longitud de espiga. El CP1 agrup贸 variables relacionadas con capacidad de crecimiento. El CP2 incluy贸 variables que reflejan rasgos de dispersi贸n y propagaci贸n. El CP3 reuni贸 variables relacionadas con la asignaci贸n de biomasa. Adem谩s, se obtuvieron cuatro grupos que integraron a los 145 ecotipos establecidos. El grupo I, II, III y IV integraron 59, 24, 19 y 43 ecotipos, respectivamente. Se present贸 alta variabilidad morfol贸gica y se detectaron ecotipos con alto potencial forrajero de acuerdo a su diversidad morfol贸gica. Se dispone de variabilidad morfol贸gica de pasto navajita con atributos forrajeros sobresalientes para ser incluidos en programas de mejoramiento de pastizales

    Diagn贸stico r谩pido y efectivo de brucelosis bovina en sangre, mediante una reacci贸n en cadena de la polimerasa doble

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    Brucellosis is a major infectious disease of cattle. It is also an international trade barrier for the import and export of dairy and beef products. In Mexico, bovine brucellosis is diagnosed using the card, rivanol, and complement fixation serological tests. Molecular methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) are rapid, specific diagnostic tools for brucellosis. This research developed a duplex PCR assay for the diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle blood samples, using the omp2 and BSCP31 genes. Fifty three (53) blood samples with rivanol titers of 1:400, and 60 serologically-negative samples were used. The optimum concentrations of both primers and magnesium chloride for specific fragment amplifications were 100 nM and 0.5 mM, respectively. The analytical sensitivity of duplex PCR was 100 fg/脦录,,,,l DNA, while the optimum amplification concentration was 1 ng/脦录,,,,l DNA. Analytical specificity was 100%. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were 96.3% and 100%, respectively. The results of this study provide evidence for the routine use of duplex PCR in the diagnosis of bovine brucellosis directly on blood samples, as a highly safe, sensitive, specific method.La brucelosis es una de las enfermedades infecciosas m谩s importantes del ganado y representa una barrera para la importaci贸n y exportaci贸n de productos l谩cteos y c谩rnicos. En M茅xico, el diagn贸stico se realiza mediante las pruebas serol贸gicas de tarjeta, rivanol y fijaci贸n del complemento. Los m茅todos moleculares, como la reacci贸n en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), son herramientas r谩pidas y espec铆颅ficas para el diagn贸stico de la enfermedad. En el presente trabajo se desarroll贸 el diagn贸stico de brucelosis por PCR doble, a partir de muestras de sangre, utilizando los genes omp2 y BSCP31. Para este estudio se utilizaron 53 muestras de sangre con t铆颅tulos de rivanol de 1:400 y 60 muestras con resultados negativos a las pruebas serol贸gicas. Las concentraciones 贸ptimas de iniciadores y cloruro de magnesio para lograr la amplificaci贸n espec铆颅fica de los dos fragmentos, fueron de 100 nM y 0.5 mM respectivamente. La sensibilidad anal铆颅tica alcanzada para la PCR doble fue de 100 fg/脦录,,,,l de ADN, mientras que la concentraci贸n 贸ptima de amplificaci贸n fue de 1 ng/脦录,,,,l de ADN. La especificidad anal铆颅tica obtenida fue del 100 %, mientras que la sensibilidad y la especificidad diagn贸stica fueron del 96.3 % y 100 % respectivamente. Los resultados de este estudio aportan evidencia para el uso rutinario de la PCR doble para el diagn贸stico de la brucelosis bovina directamente de muestras de sangre, ya que es un m茅todo altamente seguro, sensible y espec铆颅fico

    Chloroplasts: The Future of Large-Scale Protein Production

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    Chloroplast engineering has matured considerably in recent years. It is emerging as a promising tool to address the challenges related to food security, drug production, and sustainable energy posed by an ever-growing world population. Chloroplasts have proven their potential by efficiently expressing transgenes, encapsulating recombinant proteins, and protecting them from cellular machinery, making it possible to obtain highly functional proteins. This quality has also been exploited by interfering RNA technology. In addition to the practical attributes offered by chloroplast transformation, such as the elimination of position effects, polycistronic expression, and massive protein production, the technique represents an advance in biosafety terms; however, even if its great biotechnological potential, crops that have efficiently transformed are still a proof of concept. Despite efforts, other essential crops have remained recalcitrant to chloroplast transformation, which has limited their expansion. In this chapter, we address the most recent advances in this area and the challenges that must be solved to extend the transformation to other crops and become the de facto tool in plant biotechnology

    M茅todo para la extracci贸n de ADN cloroplast铆dico de Bouteloua gracilis como herramienta para aplicaciones moleculares

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    La manipulaci贸n gen茅tica del genoma de cloroplasto esta a la vanguardia en investigaci贸n biotecnol贸gica. El pasto聽B.聽gracilis聽es 聽un modelo para el estudio de estr茅s h铆drico y oxidativo, capacidades relacionadas al cloroplasto. Es necesario tener un m茅todo que facilite 聽la obtenci贸n de聽ADN聽de buena calidad, particularmente cuando se refiere al聽ADN聽de cloroplasto de聽B.聽gracilis. La implementaci贸n聽de 聽un m茅todo para la extracci贸n de cpADN se logr贸 probando diferentes 聽estrategias de extracci贸n de cpADN reportados en la literatura y 聽combinando las etapas m谩s apropiadas para聽B.聽gracilis.聽La 聽incorporaci贸n de un paso adicional del lavado con CTAB permiti贸 la 聽 recuperaci贸n de cpDNA enriquecido, el cual se puede utilizar en el desarrollo de hermanitas moleculares. Debido la implementaci贸n de 聽un protocolo de extracci贸n tambi茅n fue posible obtener una cantidad 聽considerable de cpADN de聽B.聽gracilis.聽El cpADN fue digerido聽con 聽varias enzimas de restricci贸n y los fragmentos resultantes fueron analizados por Southern blot con las sondas de los genes de rADN 16S y 23S. Abstract 聽 Genetic manipulation of the chloroplast genome is at the forefront 聽of biotechnology research.聽B. gracilis聽is聽a model for the聽study 聽of water stress and oxidative capacities related to the 聽chloroplast. It is requires a method to facilitate the obtaining of 聽good quality DNA, particularly when it comes to chloroplast 聽 DNA of聽B. gracilis. The implementation of a method for extracting 聽cpDNA was achieved by assaying different strategies cpDNA 聽extraction reported in the literature and combining the most 聽appropriate stage for聽B.聽gracilis聽for聽cpDNA extraction.聽The 聽incorporation of an additional step of washing with CTAB after 聽lysis of chloroplasts, allowed the recovery of enriched cpDNA which can be used in the development of molecular tools. Due 聽to the implementation of an extraction protocol was also possible 聽 to obtain a considerable amount of聽B. gracilis聽cpDNA. The cpDNA 聽was digested with several restriction enzymes and the resulting聽 fragments were analyzed by Southern blot with probes of genes rADN 16S and 23S
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