Morphometric and ultrastructural characterization of Bos indicus preantral follicles

The aim of the present study was to characterize the ultrastructure of zebu cow preantral follicles (PAFs). Ovarian cortex samples were processed for light and transmission electron microscopy. Primordial follicles consisted of an oocyte surrounded by one layer of flattened or flattened-cuboidal granulosa cells. The oocyte contained a large and usually eccentric nucleus. Most organelles were located at the perinuclear ooplasm. Round shaped mitochondria, which contained electron-dense granules, smooth and rough endoplasma reticulum and a Golgi apparatus were also observed. Vesicles and coated pits were often observed in the cortical ooplasm. In primary follicles, the oocyte was surrounded by one layer of cuboidal granulosa cells. Short microvilli were observed on the oolema. Secondary follicles consisted of an oocyte surrounded by a variable number of layers of cuboidal granulosa cells. Small secondary follicles had an ultrastructure very similar to that observed in primary follicles. At this follicular stage, the zona pellucida was beginning to form around the oocyte. In large secondary follicles, the zona pellucida was totally developed around the oocyte. Several granulosa cell projections could be detected that were encroaching into the zona pellucida and protruding towards the oocyte, where gap junctions were observed between oocyte and granulosa cell membranes. Organelles within the oocyte were located at the periphery of the ooplasm, and clusters of cortical granules were observed. Round mitochondria were abundant in all developmental stages. In conclusion, this study described the ultrastructure of zebu cow PAFs, and some unique characteristics could be observed as compared with what has been reported for follicles of Bos taurus cattle

Infancia, ciudad y ciudadanía: Un estudio sobre el modelo de escuela abierta como lugar para la práctica ciudadana en niños de 6-8 años Arequipa - Perú

Más que una tesis de investigación, las siguientes páginas nacieron como un manifiesto que busca –desde una mirada multidisciplinaria– reivindicar a ese grupo social del que pocos hablan y que tuvo la suerte de nacer y vivir en la ciudad; La Infancia. El presente trabajo parte desde la necesaria tarea de hacer una reflexión sobre lo que significa ser niño hoy y exponer las diferentes variables, teorías y conceptos que lo adjudican como el usuario ideal para repensar el diseño de la ciudad y la arquitectura desde sus necesidades y derechos. Por ello, se propone a la infancia como eje transversal de esta investigación para estudiar –a través de esta particular mirada– los conceptos de; Participación Ciudadana, Ciudad Educadora y Arquitectura Educativa, puesto que son estos tres ejes finales los que terminan de dar sustento a esta tesis, logrando explicar la vinculación que existe entre ellos y como uno fortalece al otro. Es la forma en la que las ciudades de hoy se están gestando que vuelve urgente el replantearnos la forma en la que estamos respondiendo a los conflictos de desigualdad espacial y es dentro de este marco que la investigación propone analizar el papel que juega la Arquitectura Educativa, siendo más específicos el modelo de escuela abierta, para poder determinar los efectos que una Arquitectura pensada desde los intercambios que se dan entre la educación y lo urbano puede lograr en la vida cotidiana de los pequeños usuarios de las grandes urbes. Palabras clave: Infancia – Ciudad Educadora – Participación Ciudadana – Arquitectura Educativa – Escuela AbiertaTesi

Características Clínico Epidemiológicas de Pacientes con Hipertiroidismo Atendidos en el Consultorio de Endocrinología del Hospital Hipólito Unanue de Tacna Periodo 2014- 2018

Objetivo: Conocer las características clínico y epidemiológicas de pacientes con hipertiroidismo atendidos en el Consultorio de Endocrinología del Hospital Hipólito Unanue de Tacna periodo 2014- 2018. Material y método: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo de corte transversal en el campo de la salud pública Resultados: Se lograron identificar 96 casos de hipertiroidismo donde, el 22.92% tenía afectado el sistema cardiovascular, el 11.46% al sistema gastrointestinal, el 8.33% el sistema respiratorio y el 5.25% el sistema inmunológico. El 47.9% tenía un tiempo de enfermedad de 1 a 5 años. El 62.5% manifestaron temblor, un 35.42% agitación, 25% sensación de fatiga, 22.92% disminución de peso. El 28.1% presentaba exoftalmos. El 74% presentaba bocio. El 79.17% de los pacientes no manifestó efecto adverso al tratamiento. Conclusiones: En el presente estudio realizado en 96 pacientes se encontró que el sexo femenino fue el predominante con una relación 3:1. Los signos y síntomas más frecuentes encontrados fueron temblor, agitación y fatiga. Además de que el tratamiento antitiroideo más usado fue el tiamazol y más de la mitad de los pacientes hipertiroideos no presentaron efectos adversos al tratamientoTesi

Biópsia embrionária: qual a melhor escolha?

ResumoIntroduçãoa biópsia embrionária tem como objetivo selecionar embriões geneticamente normais. Essa seleção ocorre por meio de testes genéticos pré‐implantacionais. Espera‐se, com isso, uma diminuição dos riscos de doenças genéticas e um aumento das taxas de implantação em fertilização in vitro.Objetivoverificar, por meio de revisão bibliográfica, qual técnica de biópsia embrionária é considerada mais apropriada para feitura de testes genéticos pré‐implantacionais.Métodopesquisa bibliográfica, na forma de revisão de publicações científicas, por meio das redes US National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Literatura Latino‐Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (Lilacs), Google Acadêmico e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS).Resultados e conclusãoexistem três maneiras de efetuar a biópsia para reprodução humana assistida. A primeira consiste em retirar o primeiro e/ou o segundo corpúsculo polar estruído pelo oócito. Também se pode fazer a biópsia a partir de um blastômero do embrião em estágio de clivagem ou usar cinco a dez células do trofoectoderma de blastocisto. Normalmente as técnicas usadas para o diagnóstico são PCR, Fish, CGH array e SNP array, entre outras. Acredita‐se que a biópsia de blastocistos é a melhor técnica para manter o potencial de implantação embrionária. Essa tendência se justifica por causa da maior quantidade de material genético disponível em fase avançada de desenvolvimento embrionário. Admite‐se que nessa fase a incidência de mosaicismo seja menor em relação à biópsia de blastômeros, com consequente aumento na eficácia dos testes genéticos. Outra questão importante é que na biópsia de blastocistos as células são retiradas do trofoectoderma, enquanto que na biópsia em estágio de clivagem a remoção de um blastômero pode prejudicar o desenvolvimento embrionário.AbstractIntroductionthe embryo biopsy aims to select genetically normal embryos. This selection occurs through pre‐ implantation genetic testing. It is expected the reduction of risk of genetic disorders and increase implantation rates in IVF.Objectiveto verify, through bibliographical revision, which embryo biopsy technique is considered more suitable for pre‐implantation genetic diagnosis.Methodbibliographical research, in the form of literary review of scientific publications via networks, US National Library of Medicine (Pubmed), Latin‐American Literature and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs), Google Scholar and Virtual Health Library.Results and conclusionthere are three ways to perform the biopsy on assisted human reproduction. The first one consists in removing the 1st and/or 2nd polar body (if there was fertilization). You can also perform the biopsy from the one blastomere of embryo cleavage stage or use 5‐10 trophoectoderm cells blastocyst. Usually the techniques used for diagnostic purpose are PCR, Fish, CGH array, SNP array and others. Nowadays it is believed that blastocyst biopsy is the best technique in order to maintain the embryonic implantation. This tendency is justified by the larger amount of genetic material available in an advanced stage of embryonic development. It is assumed that in this stage the incidence of mosaicism is reduced with the consequent increase in the effectiveness of genetic testing. Another important question is that the blastocyst biopsy cells are removed from the trophoectoderm while inbiopsy incleavage stage, the removal of oneblastomerecan impairembryonic development

Ultrastructural and morphometric characterization of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) ovarian preantral follicles

The main objective of the present study was to characterize buffalo preantral ovarian follicles. Parts of ovarian cortex, collected from postpubertal buffalo females that were having estrous cycles at regular intervals, were selected under stereomicroscopy and processed for optic and transmission electron microscopy. Primordial follicles were characterized as an oocyte encircled by one layer of flattened cells. The buffalo primordial follicle has a mean diameter of 35 μm and the oocyte diameter is 24.9 μm. The oocyte nucleus is relatively large and eccentric; and in the cytoplasm a large amount of mitochondria, vesicles and endoplasmic reticulum cistern, mainly of the smooth type is observed. The primordial follicles cells are rich in plasma membrane invaginations, which are observed within the cell and between the cell and the oocyte. The primary follicles (mean diameter of 41.8 μm) consist of an oocyte, with a medium diameter of 26.9 μm, surrounded by one layer of cubical granulosa cells. At this follicular stage, the beginning of zona pellucida deposition can also be seen in areas between the oocyte and follicular cells. The secondary follicles, which are surrounded by more than one layer of cubical cells, have a diameter of 53.3 μm, and the oocyte has a mean diameter of 29.4 μm. The ultrastructural analysis showed a large amount of coalescent vesicles, more evident in the oocyte periphery. The zona pellucida (ZP) is thicker at this stage and contains a large quantity of glycoproteins. In general, the ultrastructure of buffalo preantral follicles was similar to that of other mammalian species, but some differences were observed, which indicate species specific characteristics. The main differences observed were cytoplasmic vesicles quantity, mitochondria shape and inner content, ZP deposition and granulosa cell–oocyte junctions. In conclusion, the morphological differences described in this paper, could be responsible for some functional differences observed in Bubalus bubalis in vitro embryo production and follicular dynamics, when compared with Bos taurus or Bos indicus species