A Review on Text Detection Techniques

Text detection in image is an important field. Reading text is challenging because of the variations in images. Text detection is useful for many navigational purposes e.g. text on google API’s and traffic panels etc. This paper analyzes the work done on text detection by many researchers and critically evaluates the techniques designed for text detection and states the limitation of each approach. We have integrated the work of many researchers for getting a brief over view of multiple available techniques and their strengths and limitations are also discussed to give readers a clear picture. The major dataset discussed in all these papers are ICDAR 2003, 2005, 2011, 2013 and SVT(street view text).

Small Molecule Inhibitors of the Neuropilin-1 Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (VEGF-A) Interaction†

We report the molecular design and synthesis of EG00229, 2, the first small molecule ligand for the VEGF-A receptor neuropilin 1 (NRP1) and the structural characterization of NRP1-ligand complexes by NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Mutagenesis studies localized VEGF-A binding in the NRP1 b1 domain and a peptide fragment of VEGF-A was shown to bind at the same site by NMR, providing the basis for small molecule design. Compound 2 demonstrated inhibition of VEGF-A binding to NRP1 and attenuated VEGFR2 phosphorylation in endothelial cells. Inhibition of migration of endothelial cells was also observed. The viability of A549 lung carcinoma cells was reduced by 2, and it increased the potency of the cytotoxic agents paclitaxel and 5-fluorouracil when given in combination. These studies provide the basis for design of specific small molecule inhibitors of ligand binding to NRP1

The Role of Neighborhood Environment in Promoting Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease among Young Adults: Data from Middle to High Income Population in an Asian Megacity

Background: Modifiable risk factors of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have their triggers in the neighborhood environments of communities. Studying the environmental triggers for CVD risk factors is important to understand the situation in a broader perspective. Young adults are influenced the most by the environment profile around them hence it is important to study this subset of the population.Methods: This was a descriptive study conducted using the EPOCH research tool designed by the authors of the PURE study. The study population consisted of young adults aged 18-25 in two areas of Karachi. The study setting was busy shopping malls frequented by young adults in the particular community being studied.Results: Our total sample size was 120 individuals, who consented to be interviewed by our interviewers. Less than 50% of the population recognized some form of restriction regarding smoking in their communities. The largest contributor to tobacco advertising was actors smoking in movies and TV shows with 89% responses from both communities. Only 11.9% of the individuals disapproved of smoking cigarettes among men with wide acceptance of \u27sheesha\u27 across all age groups. Advertising for smoking and junk food was more frequent as compared to smoking cessation, healthy diet and exercise in both the areas. Unhealthy food items were more easily available in contrast to healthier options. The cost of healthy snack food options including vegetables and fruits was higher than sugary drinks and foods.CONCLUSION: This assessment showed that both communities were exposed to environments that promote risk factors for cardiovascular diseases

Studies on the generation and reactivity of metal carbenoids

This thesis concerns the generation of metal carbenoids, in particular organozinc carbenoids, and their subsequent reactions, such as C-H insertion reactions or cyclopropanation with alkenes. The thesis is divided into three major sections. The introductory chapter presents a comparative review covering metal carbenoid species. The review focuses on how their reactivity is controlled by the metal, the leaving group and by the nature of electron-donating and -withdrawing groups on the carbenoid and finally which type of alkenes give the highest reactivity and yields as a function of these parameters. The results and discussion chapter opens with a brief overview of the organozinc carbenoid chemistry which has been developed within our group. Subsequent sections then describe a range of reactions which were investigated. Thus, studies on both the acid catalysed chlorotrimethylsilane-zinc deoxygenation of ketones and the use of iodotrimethylsilane-zinc for reactive carbenoid generation are presented and used in an investigation of transannular insertion in small, medium and large ring sized ketones. The first efforts towards electrochemical generation of organozinc carbenoids for dicarbonyl coupling are then described. This is followed by a detailed study of the regio-and stereoselective behaviour of electron rich dienes with a range of organozinc carbenoids generated from appropriate aldehydes and ketones. An investigation of both zinc and copper carbenoids in carboalkoxy- cyclopropanations is then presented. In addition, the generation of a novel geminally substituted alkoxy-carboalkoxy copper carbenoid was also examined and used for cyclopropanation. Attempts to generate metal carbenoids from halo iminium salts for aminocylopropanation are also discussed. This is followed by a chapter summarising the results achieved and perspectives for future work. A concluding chapter provides a formal description of the experimental results and procedures together with appropriate references

Social Disapproval of Smoking in the two communities.

<p>Social Disapproval of Smoking in the two communities.</p