H19 Antisense RNA Can Up-Regulate Igf2 Transcription by Activation of a Novel Promoter in Mouse Myoblasts

It was recently shown that a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), that we named the 91H RNA (i.e. antisense H19 transcript), is overexpressed in human breast tumours and contributes in trans to the expression of the Insulin-like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2) gene on the paternal chromosome. Our preliminary experiments suggested that an H19 antisense transcript having a similar function may also be conserved in the mouse. In the present work, we further characterise the mouse 91H RNA and, using a genetic complementation approach in H19 KO myoblast cells, we show that ectopic expression of the mouse 91H RNA can up-regulate Igf2 expression in trans despite almost complete unmethylation of the Imprinting-Control Region (ICR). We then demonstrate that this activation occurs at the transcriptional level by activation of a previously unknown Igf2 promoter which displays, in mouse tissues, a preferential mesodermic expression (Pm promoter). Finally, our experiments indicate that a large excess of the H19 transcript can counteract 91H-mediated Igf2 activation. Our work contributes, in conjunction with other recent findings, to open new horizons to our understanding of Igf2 gene regulation and functions of the 91H/H19 RNAs in normal and pathological conditions

PRALIMAP: study protocol for a high school-based, factorial cluster randomised interventional trial of three overweight and obesity prevention strategies

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Given the increase in overweight and obesity prevalence in adolescents in the last decade, effective prevention strategies for these conditions in adolescents are urgently needed. The PRALIMAP (Promotion de l'ALImentation et de l'Activité Physique) trial aims to evaluate the effectiveness for these conditions of 3 health promotion strategies -- educational, screening and environmental -- applied singly or in combination in high schools over a 2-year intervention period.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>PRALIMAP is a stratified 2 × 2 × 2 factorial cluster randomised controlled trial including 24 state high schools in Lorraine, northeastern France, in 2 waves: 8 schools in 2006 (wave 1) and 16 in 2007 (wave 2). Students entering the selected high schools in the 4 academic years from 2006 to 2009 are eligible for data collection. Interventional strategies are organized over 2 academic years. The follow-up consists of 3 visits: at the entry of grade 10 (T0), grade 11 (T1) and grade 12 (T2). At T0, 5,458 (85.7%) adolescents participated. The educational strategy consists of nutritional lessons, working groups and a final party. The screening strategy consists in detecting overweight/obesity and eating disorders in adolescents and proposing, if necessary, an adapted care management program of 7 group educational sessions. The environmental strategy consists in improving dietary and physical activity offerings in high schools and facilities, especially catering. The main outcomes are body size evolution over time, nutritional behaviour and knowledge, health and quality of life. An evaluation process documents how each intervention strategy is implemented in the schools and estimates the dose of the intervention, allowing for a per protocol analysis after the main intention-to-treat analysis.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>PRALIMAP aims at improving the prevention and management of overweight and obesity in adolescents by translating current evidence into public health practice. Particular attention is paid to clustering, multiple factorials and long-term duration to address common pitfalls in health promotion trials. The results should inform how best to implement, in a school environment, effective nutrition prevention programs targeting adolescents who are at a point their lives when they develop responsibilities and empowerment for health attitude behaviours.</p> <p>Trial registration</p> <p>This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under <a href="http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00814554">NCT00814554</a>.</p

Liste de proies nouvellement rencontrées dans les nidifications de Cerceris rubida Jurine

Aptel E. Liste de proies nouvellement rencontrées dans les nidifications de Cerceris rubida Jurine. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 36 (15),1931. p. 223

Étude sur les nidifications de l'Halictus malachurus K. (forma longulus) génération d'été

Aptel E. Étude sur les nidifications de l'Halictus malachurus K. (forma longulus) génération d'été. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 36 (15),1931. pp. 219-222

Étude sur les nidifications de l'Halictus malachurus K. (forma longulus) génération d'été

Aptel E. Étude sur les nidifications de l'Halictus malachurus K. (forma longulus) génération d'été. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 36 (15),1931. pp. 219-222

Observations sur le comportement du Pelopée tourneur (Sceliphron spirifex L.) en certaines circonstances

Aptel E. Observations sur le comportement du Pelopée tourneur (Sceliphron spirifex L.) en certaines circonstances. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 34 (15),1929. pp. 236-238

Liste de proies nouvellement rencontrées dans les nidifications de Cerceris rubida Jurine

Aptel E. Liste de proies nouvellement rencontrées dans les nidifications de Cerceris rubida Jurine. In: Bulletin de la Société entomologique de France, volume 36 (15),1931. p. 223

Etude sur les ndifications de l\u27Halictus malachurus K. (forma longulus) generation d\u27ete.

In order to ascertain how many bees were working in a nest, Aptel plug the entrance, opening it in order to allow each returning bee to enter, but not allowing any to leave. When all of the bees had entered, he opened the nest and counted seven bees. These all left and came back one by one loaded with pollen. Then he dug open the nest and found eight cells which were scattered at the ends of random bifurcations of the gallery. Seven cells had pollen and one of these had an egg, the eighth cell was empty. It is evident that each bee constructs its own cell and provisions it independently, the empty eight cell being the second cell started by the bee which had laid the only egg in the nest. This group of cells was at depth of 50 cms. Deeper down he found cells with young bees with two pupae. These belonged to the same generation as the more precocious individuals who were building the upper cells. The deepest cell was at a depth of 70 cms