27 research outputs found
La pratique psychomotrice des enseignantes de maternelle un regard de l'intérieur vers un processus d'actualisation
Cette Ă©tude doctorale s'inscrit dans le domaine de l'Ă©ducation prĂ©scolaire, plus spĂ©cifiquement de la pratique psychomotrice. L'objectif de recherche vise Ă une meilleure comprĂ©hension de la pratique professionnelle des enseignantes de maternelle au regard de la compĂ©tence psychomotrice. Cet objectif se traduit en deux questions: Comment l'Ă©ducation psychomotrice se vit-elle dans la classe de maternelle? Quel sens les enseignantes de maternelle attribuent-elles Ă leur pratique au regard de la compĂ©tence psychomotrice? Le cadre conceptuel permet d'explorer le concept de psychomotricitĂ© qui apporte un Ă©clairage dans les diffĂ©rentes approches pour tenter d'attĂ©nuer l'ambiguĂŻtĂ© sur de nombreux termes utilisĂ©s pour une mĂȘme application. Le deuxiĂšme chapitre met en Ă©vidence la complexitĂ© du concept de psychomotricitĂ©, ses processus en jeu et ses composantes. De plus, l'Ă©volution des diffĂ©rentes approches de la psychomotricitĂ© et les incidences d'une pratique axĂ©e sur l'Ă©ducation de l'activitĂ© motrice sont dĂ©crites. Le chapitre mĂ©thodologique explique pourquoi le dĂ©roulement et la dĂ©marche d'analyse des donnĂ©es dans un type de recherche qualitative/interprĂ©tative ne peuvent ĂȘtre prescrits Ă l'avance. Dans le but de rĂ©pondre aux questions de dĂ©part, j'ai donnĂ© la parole Ă des enseignantes Ă deux reprises, j'ai observĂ© dans leurs classes et j'ai tenu un journal mĂ©thodologique pour faire Ă©merger la complexitĂ© d'une telle pratique. De plus, la dĂ©marche d'analyse a permis une Ă©volution dans la construction de l'objet de recherche vers une rĂ©organisation des donnĂ©es.Cette rĂ©organisation a fait Ă©merger une grille d'analyse qui a servi de passerelle pour comprendre la rĂ©alitĂ© des enseignantes et ainsi rendre compte de leur quotidien concernant la compĂ©tence psychomotrice. Ă la suite du chapitre de prĂ©sentation des donnĂ©es, trois profils-type ont Ă©mergĂ© de l'ensemble des participantes. Partant de cette dĂ©marche d'analyse, un schĂ©ma explicatif fut Ă©laborĂ© en puisant dans diffĂ©rentes sources thĂ©oriques permettant d'interprĂ©ter le processus d'actualisation de la pratique professionnelle. Au terme de cette synthĂšse thĂ©orisante, j'ai compris que l'agir professionnel s'effectue par un processus, Ă la fois, interne et externe, intuitif et planifiĂ© et conscient et inconscient, faisant ressortir des dimensions de la pratique. Ce schĂ©ma explicatif est le dĂ©nouement des chemins parcourus de mon projet de recherche
L'éducation préscolaire : objet, prétexte ou contexte d'étude?
Cet Ă©ditorial souhaite partager les prĂ©occupations de la communautĂ© des jeunes chercheurs en Ă©ducation en lien avec les domaines de la petite enfance et de lâĂ©ducation prĂ©scolaire
Partage dâune « expĂ©rience leçon » dâune recherche de nature quantitative menĂ©e auprĂšs dâenfants Ă lâĂ©ducation prĂ©scolaire : piste de rĂ©flexion
Research carried out with preschool children tends to confine them to the role of objects, without allowing them to really participate and express themselves about their reality. Yet children are the experts of their own experience. The aim of this reflective article is to highlight two major pitfalls arising from the quantitative research we carried out with pre-school children (4-6 years). The first is that the child participant is generally placed in the role of performer. The second builds on the first, and concerns the discrepancy between our desired outcomes, our approaches, and our research objectives. In conclusion, we argue that to do meaningful research with preschoolers, we must inevitably transcend the research process and dare to look critically and reflectively at our research practices.Lâinclusion de jeunes enfants comme sujets participants Ă la recherche est un phĂ©nomĂšne nouveau qui gagne en popularitĂ©. Toutefois, leur participation comporte plusieurs dĂ©fis qui nĂ©cessitent des adaptations. Une collecte de donnĂ©es de nature quantitative rĂ©alisĂ©e auprĂšs de cette population a menĂ© Ă lâidentification de deux Ă©cueils importants. Le premier concerne le fait que lâenfant participant est gĂ©nĂ©ralement placĂ© dans un rĂŽle dâexĂ©cutant. Le second prend appui sur le premier et porte sur lâĂ©cart entre ce que nous souhaitons obtenir comme rĂ©sultats, nos approches et nos objectifs de recherche. En conclusion, nous avançons que pour faire de la recherche porteuse de sens auprĂšs de jeunes enfants, nous devons inĂ©vitablement transcender la dĂ©marche de recherche et oser porter un regard critique et rĂ©flexif sur nos pratiques de recherche
La qualitĂ© des interactions enseignante-enfants au regard de lâĂ©veil scientifique Ă lâĂ©ducation prĂ©scolaire
Lâobjectif de cet article vise Ă examiner si lâenvironnement Ă©ducatif scientifique influence la qualitĂ© des interactions entre les enseignantes et les enfants. Pour ce faire, 26 enseignantes Ă lâĂ©ducation prĂ©scolaire ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es dans deux environnements Ă©ducatifs diffĂ©rents : (1) alors que la classe est engagĂ©e dans une activitĂ© scientifique et (2) dans un contexte Ă©ducatif autre. Les observations ont portĂ© plus spĂ©cifiquement sur la qualitĂ© des interactions, Ă©valuĂ©es Ă lâaide du Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS Pre-k), selon trois domaines : le soutien Ă©motionnel, lâorganisation de la classe et le soutien Ă lâapprentissage. Les donnĂ©es indiquent que le niveau de qualitĂ© du soutien Ă lâapprentissage est plus Ă©levĂ© lorsque lâenvironnement Ă©ducatif est dit scientifique. Les rĂ©sultats sont discutĂ©s selon les rĂ©sultats de recherches antĂ©rieures
Relations entre la qualité des interactions enseignante-enfants et le développement du raisonnement spatial des enfants de maternelle quatre ans à temps plein en milieu défavorisé
The purpose of this article is to examine the predictive role of the quality of teacher-child interactions on the development of spatial reasoning in full-time kindergarten four-year-old children in underprivileged settings. The matched sample is made up, on the one hand, of 232 children (130 girls, 102 boys) aged 58.29 months (SD = 4.93), and eight teachers holding a baccalaureate, having in average 12.2 years of teaching experience in preschool (SD = 5.45). Multiple mixed-effect regression analyzes showed that dimensions and sub dimensions of the quality of teacher-child interactions significantly and positively predicted the subtests of the spatial reasoning. This study highlights the importance of improving the quality of interactions in order to promote the development of spatial reasoning in four-year-olds.Le prĂ©sent article a pour but dâĂ©tudier le rĂŽle prĂ©dictif de la qualitĂ© des interactions enseignante-enfants sur le dĂ©veloppement du raisonnement spatial chez des enfants de la maternelle quatre ans Ă temps plein en milieu dĂ©favorisĂ©. LâĂ©chantillon appariĂ© est composĂ©, dâune part, de 232 enfants (130 filles, 102 garçons) ĂągĂ©s de 58,29 mois (ĂT = 4.93) et de 8 enseignantes titulaires dâun baccalaurĂ©at en enseignement, ayant en moyenne 12,2 ans dâexpĂ©rience en enseignement Ă lâĂ©ducation prĂ©scolaire (ĂT = 5.45). Des analyses de rĂ©gressions multiples Ă effet mixte montrent que les dimensions et sous-dimensions de la qualitĂ© des interactions enseignante-enfants prĂ©disent significativement et positivement les sous-tests du raisonnement spatial. Cette Ă©tude soulĂšve lâimportance dâamĂ©liorer la qualitĂ© des interactions enseignante-enfants afin de favoriser le dĂ©veloppement du raisonnement spatial des enfants de la maternelle quatre ans
Convalescent plasma in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 (RECOVERY): a randomised controlled, open-label, platform trial
SummaryBackground Azithromycin has been proposed as a treatment for COVID-19 on the basis of its immunomodulatoryactions. We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of azithromycin in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19.Methods In this randomised, controlled, open-label, adaptive platform trial (Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19Therapy [RECOVERY]), several possible treatments were compared with usual care in patients admitted to hospitalwith COVID-19 in the UK. The trial is underway at 176 hospitals in the UK. Eligible and consenting patients wererandomly allocated to either usual standard of care alone or usual standard of care plus azithromycin 500 mg once perday by mouth or intravenously for 10 days or until discharge (or allocation to one of the other RECOVERY treatmentgroups). Patients were assigned via web-based simple (unstratified) randomisation with allocation concealment andwere twice as likely to be randomly assigned to usual care than to any of the active treatment groups. Participants andlocal study staff were not masked to the allocated treatment, but all others involved in the trial were masked to theoutcome data during the trial. The primary outcome was 28-day all-cause mortality, assessed in the intention-to-treatpopulation. The trial is registered with ISRCTN, 50189673, and ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04381936.Findings Between April 7 and Nov 27, 2020, of 16 442 patients enrolled in the RECOVERY trial, 9433 (57%) wereeligible and 7763 were included in the assessment of azithromycin. The mean age of these study participants was65·3 years (SD 15·7) and approximately a third were women (2944 [38%] of 7763). 2582 patients were randomlyallocated to receive azithromycin and 5181 patients were randomly allocated to usual care alone. Overall,561 (22%) patients allocated to azithromycin and 1162 (22%) patients allocated to usual care died within 28 days(rate ratio 0·97, 95% CI 0·87â1·07; p=0·50). No significant difference was seen in duration of hospital stay (median10 days [IQR 5 to >28] vs 11 days [5 to >28]) or the proportion of patients discharged from hospital alive within 28 days(rate ratio 1·04, 95% CI 0·98â1·10; p=0·19). Among those not on invasive mechanical ventilation at baseline, nosignificant difference was seen in the proportion meeting the composite endpoint of invasive mechanical ventilationor death (risk ratio 0·95, 95% CI 0·87â1·03; p=0·24).Interpretation In patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19, azithromycin did not improve survival or otherprespecified clinical outcomes. Azithromycin use in patients admitted to hospital with COVID-19 should be restrictedto patients in whom there is a clear antimicrobial indication
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Prevalence, associated factors and outcomes of pressure injuries in adult intensive care unit patients: the DecubICUs study
Funder: European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100013347Funder: Flemish Society for Critical Care NursesAbstract: Purpose: Intensive care unit (ICU) patients are particularly susceptible to developing pressure injuries. Epidemiologic data is however unavailable. We aimed to provide an international picture of the extent of pressure injuries and factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries in adult ICU patients. Methods: International 1-day point-prevalence study; follow-up for outcome assessment until hospital discharge (maximum 12 weeks). Factors associated with ICU-acquired pressure injury and hospital mortality were assessed by generalised linear mixed-effects regression analysis. Results: Data from 13,254 patients in 1117 ICUs (90 countries) revealed 6747 pressure injuries; 3997 (59.2%) were ICU-acquired. Overall prevalence was 26.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] 25.9â27.3). ICU-acquired prevalence was 16.2% (95% CI 15.6â16.8). Sacrum (37%) and heels (19.5%) were most affected. Factors independently associated with ICU-acquired pressure injuries were older age, male sex, being underweight, emergency surgery, higher Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Braden score 3 days, comorbidities (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, immunodeficiency), organ support (renal replacement, mechanical ventilation on ICU admission), and being in a low or lower-middle income-economy. Gradually increasing associations with mortality were identified for increasing severity of pressure injury: stage I (odds ratio [OR] 1.5; 95% CI 1.2â1.8), stage II (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.4â1.9), and stage III or worse (OR 2.8; 95% CI 2.3â3.3). Conclusion: Pressure injuries are common in adult ICU patients. ICU-acquired pressure injuries are associated with mainly intrinsic factors and mortality. Optimal care standards, increased awareness, appropriate resource allocation, and further research into optimal prevention are pivotal to tackle this important patient safety threat