17 research outputs found
Polymorphous adenocarcinoma of the salivary glands : reappraisal and update
Although relatively rare, polymorphous adenocarcinoma (PAC) is likely the second most common malignancy of the minor salivary glands (MiSG). The diagnosis is mainly based on an incisional biopsy. The optimal treatment comprises wide surgical excision, often with adjuvant radiotherapy. In general, PAC has a good prognosis. Previously, PAC was referred to as polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma (PLGA), but the new WHO classification of salivary gland tumours has also included under the PAC subheading, the so-called cribriform adenocarcinoma of minor salivary glands (CAMSG). This approach raised controversy, predominantly because of possible differences in clinical behaviour. For example, PLGA (PAC, classical variant) only rarely metastasizes, whereas CAMSG often shows metastases to the neck lymph nodes. Given the controversy, this review reappraises the definition, epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, genetics, treatment modalities, and prognosis of PAC of the salivary glands with a particular focus on contrasting differences with CAMSG.Peer reviewe
Engineering Circular Gliding of Actin Filaments Along Myosin-Patterned DNA Nanotube Rings To Study Long-Term Actin–Myosin Behaviors
Nature has evolved molecular motors
that are critical in cellular
processes occurring over broad time scales, ranging from seconds to
years. Despite the importance of the long-term behavior of molecular
machines, topics such as enzymatic lifetime are underexplored due
to the lack of a suitable approach for monitoring motor activity over
long time periods. Here, we developed an “O”-shaped
Myosin Empowered Gliding Assay (OMEGA) that utilizes engineered micron-scale
DNA nanotube rings with precise arrangements of myosin VI to trap
gliding actin filaments. This circular gliding assay platform allows
the same individual actin filament to glide over the same myosin ensemble
(50–1000 motors per ring) multiple times. First, we systematically
characterized the formation of DNA nanotubes rings with 4, 6, 8, and
10 helix circumferences. Individual actin filaments glide along the
nanotube rings with high processivity for up to 12.8 revolutions or
11 min in run time. We then show actin gliding speed is robust to
variation in motor number and independent of ring curvature within
our sample space (ring diameter of 0.5–4 μm). As a model
application of OMEGA, we then analyze motor-based mechanical influence
on “stop-and-go” gliding behavior of actin filaments,
revealing that the stop-to-go transition probability is dependent
on motor flexibility. Our circular gliding assay may provide a closed-loop
platform for monitoring long-term behavior of broad classes of molecular
motors and enable characterization of motor robustness and long time
scale nanomechanical processes
Increasing false positive diagnoses may lead to overestimation of stroke incidence, particularly in the young: a cross-sectional study
Abstract
Background
Stroke incidence is reportedly increasing in younger populations, although the reasons for this are not clear. We explored possible reasons by quantifying trends in neurologically focused emergency department (ED) visits, classification of stroke vs. TIA, and imaging use.
Methods
We performed a retrospective, serial, cross-sectional study using the National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey to examine time trends in age-stratified primary reasons for visit, stroke/TIA diagnoses, and MRI utilization from 1995 to 2000 and 2005–2015.
Results
Five million eight hundred thousand ED visits with a primary diagnosis of stroke (CI 5.3 M–6.4 M) were represented in the data. The incidence of neurologically focused reason for visits (Neuro RFVs) increased over time in both the young and in older adults (young: + 111 Neuro RFVs/100,000 population/year, CI + 94 − + 130; older adults: + 70 Neuro RFVs/100,000 population/year, CI + 34 − + 108). The proportion of combined stroke and TIA diagnoses decreased over time amongst older adults with a Neuro RFV (OR 0.95 per year, p < 0.01, CI 0.94–0.96) but did not change in the young (OR 1.00 per year, p = 0.88, CI 0.95–1.04). Within the stroke/TIA population, no changes in the proportion of stroke or TIA were identified. MRI utilization rates amongst patients with a Neuro RFV increased for both age groups.
Conclusions
We found, but did not anticipate, increased incidence of neurologically focused ED visits in both age groups. Given the lower pre-test probability of a stroke in younger adults, this suggests that false positive stroke diagnoses may be increasing and may be increasing more rapidly in the young than in older adults.http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/173560/1/12883_2021_Article_2172.pd
Retracted: Expression of leptin-receptor (LEP-R) and Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genes after a 12-week high Intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention among obese Individuals
This article was withdrawn and retracted by the Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences and has been removed from AJOL at the request of the journal Editor in Chief and the organisers of the conference at which the articles were presented (www.iccmit.net). Please address any queries to [email protected]
Orogastric tube insertion using the new gastric tube guide: first experiences from a manikin study
Whole Grain Intakes in the Diets Of Malaysian Children and Adolescents--Findings from the MyBreakfast Study.
Diets rich in whole grain are associated with several health benefits. Little is known however, about whole grain consumption patterns in Malaysia. The aim of this study was to assess whole grain intakes and dietary source in Malaysian children and adolescents.This analysis is from the MyBreakfast study, a national cross sectional study investigating eating habits among primary and secondary school children throughout Malaysia, conducted in 2013. Children (n = 5,165) and adolescents (n = 2,947) who completed two days of dietary assessment using a food record or recall respectively were included. The whole grain content of foods was estimated mainly through the use of quantitative ingredient declarations on food labels. All wholegrain foods were considered irrespective of the amount of whole grain they contained.Overall, only 25% of children and 19% of adolescents were wholegrain consumers. Mean daily intakes in the total sample were 2.3g/d (SD 5.8 g/d) in children and 1.7 g/d (SD 4.7 g/d) in adolescents and in the consumer's only sample, mean intakes reached 9.1g/d (SD 8.6) and 9.2g/d (SD 7.1g/d) respectively. Wheat was the main grain source of whole grain while ready to eat breakfast cereals and hot cereals were the main food contributors. Less than 3% of the children and adolescents reached the US quantitative whole grain recommendation of 48 g/day.Whole grain is consumed by only a minority of Malaysian children and adolescents and even among consumers, intakes are well below recommendations. Efforts are needed to firstly understand the barriers to whole grain consumption among Malaysian children in order to design effective health promotion initiatives to promote an increase in whole grain consumption