A Communication Approach to Understanding Rapid Responses to Others: The Importance of Flexibility Across Goal Conditions

Two studies evaluated the communication approach to rapid display responses (RDRs) to others by 1) examining the influence of specific communicative goals on RDRs and, 2) identifying the social outcomes associated with correspondence between communicative goals and responses. Both studies showed that people in general can change the magnitude of their most rapid responses according to communication goals to either respond or suppress responses. For some stimulus-response pairs, the ability to flexibly deploy RDRs to align with goals is associated with positive social outcomes for those who are socially active. In Study 1, individual differences among socially active first-year college students\u27 ability to flexibly deploy RDRs across communicative contexts predicted social adjustment. When the goal was to respond, those who were better at enhancing their smiling response to a smiling face reported better social adjustment compared to those who were not as successful at enhancing their smile. Study 2 showed that adults\u27 ability to suppress fearful responses to angry displays was associated with better social adjustment in the wake of a stressful event. This ability was also associated with reduced depressive symptoms through its effect on social adjustment. As in Study 1, the relationship between RDR flexibility and social adjustment was especially strong for those who were socially active. These findings provide support for a communicative mechanism by which displays elicit RDRs and suggest that the ability to modify rapid responses to match communicative goals has consequences for longer-term social adjustment and even mental wellbeing

PENJADWALAN WAKTU DAN SUMBER DAYA MANUSIA PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN SHOWROOM DAN BENGKEL NISSAN MAGELANG

Dimitrij Dimas Adhika Putra, 2014, Penjadwalan Waktu dan Sumber Daya Manusia Proyek Showroom dan Bengkel Nissan Magelang. Skripsi, Program Studi Teknik Sipil Fakultas Teknik Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta. Pada pelaksanaan proyek baik milik pemerintah atau swasta, setiap proses pelaksanaannya memerlukan tindakan pengendalian, pengawasan dan koordinasi, sehingga dapat terlaksana kea rah yang benar dengan mengurangi resiko-resiko penyimpangan yang mungkin terjadi. Umumnya pada proyek-proyek yang melibatkan banyak unsur dalam jumlah besar memiliki time schedule untuk mengetahui hubungan antara waktu pelaksanaan dengan prestasi kerja yang telah dicapai. Pada penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan jaringan kerja dalam penjadwalan proyek konstruksi. Peneliti menggunakan Precedence Diagram Methode (PDM) yang memungkinkan terjadinya kegiatan saling bertumpuk dalam satu jaringan akibatnya waktu penyelesaian proyek lebih singkat. Peneliti dibantu dengan program komputer Microsoft Office Project Profesional 2013 maka akan didapatkan perhitungan yang tepat dan akurat pada metode pengawasan, evaluasi dan sistem pelaporan dalam perencanaan, penyelenggaraan dan pengendalian suatu proyek sesuai dengan sasaran biaya, sumber daya dan mutu. Dari hasil analisis dan aplikasi program computer Microsoft Office Project Profesional 2013 dalam penjadwalan waktu dan sumber daya manusia dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa Program komputer Microsoft Office Project Profesional 2013 dapat digunakan sebagai data penjadwalan waktu proyek, yaitu berupa jaringan kerja, bagan balok dan kurva S, dalam hal ini didapatkan umur proyek rencana adalah 78 hari kerja. Penjadwalan umur proyek pada penelitian ini lebih singkat daripada penjadwalan umur proyek yang sebenarnya sebesar 84 hari kerja. Dan juga berdasarkan sifat kegiatan proyek yang dinamis mengakibatkan jumlah keperluan tenaga kerja berubah-ubah selama umur proyek baik kualitas maupun kuantitasnya untuk mengatasi hal ini dilakukan tindakan perataan sumber daya (resource levelling), dengan hasil histogram keperluan tenaga kerja dengan fluktuasi yang tajam menjadi berkurang dan kebutuhan tenaga kerja telah memenuhi penggunaan maksimum unit tenaga kerja per hari. Dari hasil analisis di atas maka dapat digunakan dalam perencanaan, penyelenggaraan dan pengendalian suatu proyek dengan sasaran biaya, sumber daya dan mutu. Kata Kunci : PDM, Microsoft Office Project Profesianal 2013, bagan balok, kurva S, histogram

A REPORT OF SOME INVESTIGATIONS ON THE CORN INSECTS OF PUERTO RICO

During the period August 1935 to June 1936 studies were made by the Bureau of Entomology and Plant Quarantine of the United States Department of Agriculture on insects attacking growing corn in Puerto Rico. These studies were financed from a special fund provided by the Department for the purpose and were conducted in cooperation with the experiment station of the United States Department of Agriculture at Mayagüez and the substation of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Puerto Rico at Isabela. As a result of these studies the following four species of insects were determined to be of prime economic importance to the corn crop of Puerto Rico: The corn leaf hopper (Peregrinus maidis Ashmead), the otitid (ortalid) fly Euxesta stigmatias Loew infecting the ears, the fall armyworm (Laphygma frugiperda (A. and S.)), and the corn earworm (Heliothis armigera (Hbn.)). The corn leaf aphid (Aphis maidis Fitch) and the sugarcane borer (Diatraea saccharalis (F.) ) were found in varying numbers, but little damage by them was noted. Control experiments were conducted with the fall armyworm and the corn earworm

Experimental Optimization of the Alkaline Catalyzed Transesterification Process for Biodiesel Production from Pre-treated Rubber Seed Oil

Biodiesel is a very promising alternative fuel to the existing petroleum diesel due to its renewability and environmental friendliness. Currently, biodiesel is mostly produced from vegetable oils using alcohol and alkaline catalyst. However, most of the vegetable oils have very high content of free fatty acid (FF A) especially rubber seed oil (RSO) which requires the two-step transesterification process involving acid-catalyzed esterification process (Step 1) followed by alkaline-catalyzed transesterification process (Step 2). The acid esterification process is to reduce the FF A content to an acceptable range ( < 1%) and it is usually followed by the alkaline transesterification process which is to convert the oil to methyl esters (biodiesel). In this work, the crude rubber seed oil, which is used as the feedstock, is first characterized and then the FF A content of the oil is reduced to less than I% through the acid esterification process. The pre-treated rubber seed oil is then used for the second step of alkaline transesterification process to produce biodiesel using methanol and potassium hydroxide (KOH) as the catalyst. Experiment runs are designed and conducted to optimize the alkaline transesterification process by varying important factors such as alcohol to oil molar ratio, amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and time. Highest yield ofbiodiesel (75.51 wt%) is obtained at methanol to oil ratio of 6: 1, temperature of 65°C, and catalyst amount of 0.5 wt% (oil basis). It is found that the biodiesel yield is strongly affected by the catalyst amount, followed by the temperature and the alcohol to oil ratio in descending order. The effect of reaction time is also studied and the optimum reaction time is found to be at 2 hours which produces biodiesel with highest yield and FAME concentration of 96.6 wt%. The properties of the biodiesel produced at the optimal conditions and 2 hours of reaction time is found to adhere to the international standards for biodiesel (ASTM and EN)