Anastomotic loop between common hepatic artery and gastroduodenal artery in coexistence with an aberrant right hepatic artery

Anatomical variations of the hepatic arteries are not uncommon. The anomalous hepatic arterial supply is of paramount importance in hepatobiliary, pancreatic or liver transplantation and in laparoscopic surgery. We describe an unusual case of a 66-year-old Greek male cadaver, where a rare anastomosis (in the form of an enlarged arterial loop, 4.84 mm in diameter) between the common hepatic artery (6.42 mm) and the gastroduodenal artery (GDA) (4.82 mm) coexisted with an aberrant right hepatic artery (ARHA) (6.38 mm) originating from the superior mesenteric artery. The proper hepatic artery was absent. The ARHA followed a route posterior to the portal vein and the common hepatic duct, entering the liver and supplying the right hepatic segment. A hypoplastic right gastric artery emanated from the GDA. Our case report highlights the combined variations of hepatic arteries and possible anastomoses emphasizing that a thorough knowledge of the classic and variable hepatic arterial anatomy are mandatory for surgeons and radiologists performing hepatic surgery and arteriography to avoid potential iatrogenic injuries in hepatobiliary and pancreas area and further medico-legal implications

Foramen magnum, occipital condyles and hypoglossal canals morphometry: anatomical study with clinical implications

Background: Current study examines morphometric alterations of the foramen magnum (FM), occipital condyles (OCs) and hypoglossal canals (HCs) and highlights all the morphometric parameters of the FM area that present side asymmetry, gender dimorphism and are affected by the ageing. Materials and methods: One hundred and forty-one (73 male and 68 female) Greek adult dry skulls were examined. Results: Short and long OCs were detected in 27.7% and 26.2%. A combination of short OCs and long HCs was presented in 27.5%. A complete septum was found in 23.6% of the HCs and osseous spurs in 12.9%. Side asymmetry was detected regarding the HCs length (p = 0.046), the maximum extracranial (p = 0.001) and minimum intracranial (p = 0.001) diameters. Mean FM anteroposterior and transverse diameters, FM perimeter and FM surface area were significantly larger in male than in female skulls (p = 0.001 for each parameter). Similarly, the OCs length (right, p = 0.004 and left, p = 0.024) and width (right, p = 0.008 and left, p = 0.006) the left distance HC-OC posterior border (p = 0.048), the anterior (p = 0.011) and posterior (p = 0.001) intercondylar distances and the HCs right length (p = 0.046) were significantly greater in males. A significant decrease was observed with ageing in FM anteroposterior diameter (p = 0.038), FM surface area (p = 0.05), anterior intercondylar distance (p = 0.014) and HC-OC posterior border (p = 0.013). Conclusions: The study confirmed that only specific HC dimensions showed side asymmetry (HCs maximum extracranial and minimum intracranial diameters and HCs length), gender dimorphism (HCs right length and left distance HC-OC posterior border) and age influence (HC-OC posterior border and HC left extracranial minimum diameter) among young, adults and elderly individuals. FM and OCs dimensions presented gender dimorphism and the age influenced only FM anteroposterior diameter and surface area and the anterior intercondylar distance. The safe zone of OCs drilling in Greeks, calculated by the distance HC-OC posterior border represents the maximum HC depth and is among the lowest values reported in the literature. The significant decrease of this distance with ageing confirms the existence of a drilling safe zone for young, adults and elder individuals. Regarding OCs length, the same probability exists dealing with a short or a long OC during condylectomy. Before planning a transcondylar approach, the coexistence of short OCs and long HCs should be taken into account. These outcomes will be useful for a safe surgery in the craniocervical region in Greeks

Unsupervised Video Summarization via Attention-Driven Adversarial Learning

This paper presents a new video summarization approach that integrates an attention mechanism to identify the signi cant parts of the video, and is trained unsupervisingly via generative adversarial learning. Starting from the SUM-GAN model, we rst develop an improved version of it (called SUM-GAN-sl) that has a signi cantly reduced number of learned parameters, performs incremental training of the model's components, and applies a stepwise label-based strategy for updating the adversarial part. Subsequently, we introduce an attention mechanism to SUM-GAN-sl in two ways: i) by integrating an attention layer within the variational auto-encoder (VAE) of the architecture (SUM-GAN-VAAE), and ii) by replacing the VAE with a deterministic attention auto-encoder (SUM-GAN-AAE). Experimental evaluation on two datasets (SumMe and TVSum) documents the contribution of the attention auto-encoder to faster and more stable training of the model, resulting in a signi cant performance improvement with respect to the original model and demonstrating the competitiveness of the proposed SUM-GAN-AAE against the state of the art

(Im)migrants’ appropriation of culture: Reciprocal influence of personal and work contexts

Increasing internationalisation in organisations demands further research on acculturation within international business (IB). Based on triangulated qualitative data on South Asian diasporas’ food consumption in the UK and Bahraini contexts, we introduce two acculturative orientations: essentialism and boundary spanning. We contribute to literature by linking acculturative orientations with relevant drivers and resulting adoption and adaptation of cultures to offer a new perspective towards analysing (im)migrants’ appropriation of culture in personal and work settings. We push the boundary of IB research by highlighting and enriching the understanding of, and reciprocity between, social and occupational contexts that shape (im)migrants’ acculturation

Sustainability Starts from Within: A critical analysis of internal marketing in supporting sustainable value co-creation in B2B organizations

The role of value co-creation in embedding sustainability within B2B marketing is well-documented. However, little is known about how employees enact this value co-creation, or how they can be supported to do so by their organisations. This article addresses this theoretical gap by analysing the role of employees and Internal Marketing in B2B organisations' efforts to co-create sustainable value. We propose that, since employees are tasked with delivering their organisation's ‘promise’, they can also purposely generate value for a broader range of stakeholders. As such, Internal Marketing can be a key enabler (or inhibitor) in these efforts. Adopting a Service-Dominant Logic and Service Gap lens, the research utilises Template Analysis of 17 semi-structured interviews with employees from a range of B2B organisations, which have adopted ‘sustainability-oriented’ practices. The findings highlight the contribution of Internal Marketing in supporting sustainable value, and demonstrate that, whilst employees can play a key role in the co-creation of sustainable value, value co-destruction can occur due to a ‘Sustainability gap’ within their organisations. This study contributes significantly to extant knowledge by offering a taxonomized analysis of the ‘sustainability gap’ and identifying how B2B organisations can address these at the awareness, design, internal communication, and implementation stages.</p

Automated machine learning for remaining useful life estimation of aircraft engines

Algorithms and the Foundations of Software technolog