Editorial: Women in Pediatric Dentistry Research: Are We There Yet?

Since Lucy Hobbs Taylor, the first woman to earn a degree in dentistry more than 150 years ago, the inclusion of women in dentistry has slowly progressed. Women make up only 30% to 40% of the dental workforce in Oceania, Europe, Africa and Asia (1). Besides the higher number of women in the profession, research shows that women earn less, even after adjusting for specialty and hours worked. Additionally, all else equal, dentists who are women are less likely to own a practice, more likely to be in dental service organizations and more likely to treat Medicaid patients (2)

Relação entre biofilme, atividade de cárie e gengivite em crianças HIV+

The utilization of medicines to treat HIV-infected children has been promoting a decrease in the prevalence of soft-tissue oral lesions, as years pass by. In contrast, it has been observed that the experience of caries and gingivitis is constant in this population, mostly because of the chronic influence of some factors involved in the HIV-infection process, such as the chronic utilization of sweetened liquid medicines and carbohydrate-enriched diet, as well as frequent episodes of hospitalization. So, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if the quality and quantity of biofilm are important factors in the activity of dental caries and gingivitis, also in this special group. After examination of the biofilm (biofilm index - Ribeiro23, 2000), the activity of caries and gingivitis was assessed in 56 children, aging from 0 to 14 years, who were patients with definitive diagnosis of HIV infection. It was observed that only 7 subjects (12.5%) did not present with clinically visible biofilm, and 33 (58.9%) presented with gingivitis, with the average of 4.44 bleeding sites. As to dental caries, 73.2% of the patients presented with active carious lesions. A strong correlation was verified between Biofilm Index, gingival status and active carious lesions (Spearmans correlation test, r s = +0.57 and r s = +0.49, respectively). It was concluded that, also in HIV-infected children, the quality and quantity of biofilm over the dental surfaces are important etiologic factors related to the activity of caries and gingivitis. Biofilm should, thus, be controlled in order to reestablish the oral health of HIV-infected children.A utilização de terapia medicamentosa em crianças infectadas pelo HIV (HIV+) vem promovendo a diminuição na prevalência de manifestações bucais em tecidos moles ao longo dos anos. Entretanto, observa-se uma constância na experiência de cárie e gengivite desta população, sobretudo devido à influência crônica de alguns fatores envolvidos no processo da infecção pelo HIV, como uso prolongado de medicamentos líquidos açucarados, dieta rica em carboidratos e repetidos episódios de internação. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a qualidade e quantidade de biofilme representam um fator importante na atividade da doença cárie e gengivite neste grupo em especial. Após exame do biofilme (índice de biofilme; Ribeiro23, 2000), da atividade de cárie e gengivite de 56 crianças, de 0 a 14 anos, pacientes com diagnóstico definitivo de infecção pelo HIV, observou-se que somente 7 (12,5%) não apresentavam biofilme visível clinicamente e 33 (58,9%) apresentavam gengivite, com, em média, 4,44 superfícies com sangramento. Quanto à doença cárie, 73,2% das crianças apresentavam lesões cariosas ativas. Verificou-se ainda a correlação entre o índice de biofilme, o estado gengival e a atividade das lesões cariosas (teste de correlação de Spearman, r s = +0,57 e r s = +0,49, respectivamente). Conclui-se, que nas crianças HIV+ avaliadas, a qualidade e quantidade de biofilme sobre a superfície dental representam um importante fator na etiologia da atividade das doenças cárie e gengivite, podendo e devendo este ser trabalhado para que seja possível restabelecer a saúde bucal destas crianças

Editorial: Omics Research for Pediatric Dentistry in Health and Disease

Multi-omics research holds great promise to fill our understanding of pediatric oral health and disease in a concerted manner, ranging from the provision of diagnosis, monitoring, and personalized medicine to the identification of prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. This Research Topic aimed to employ multi-omics research to highlight the current understanding of the relationship between the oral microbiome composition, activity and interactions, and children’s oral and systemic health. This knowledge, combining human genome analysis, oral microbiota omics investigation and conditions in health and disease, will provide valuable information on the functional and metabolic changes in diverse pathological states, as well as the identification of molecular signatures, which could lead to precise therapies considering person-centered care in dentistry and medicine. The articles included in this collection show evidence of the potential predictive relationship between the oralmicrobiota, biofilmand childhood diseases, suggesting that the oralmicrobiome can be used as a target for disease diagnosis and novel approaches to maintain children’s health

Staphylococcus aureus Interferes with Streptococci Spatial Distribution and with Protein Expression of Species within a Polymicrobial Oral Biofilm

We asked whether transient Staphylococcus aureus in the oral environment synergistically interacts with orally associated bacterial species such as Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, and Veillonella dispar (six-species control biofilm 6S). For this purpose, four modified biofilms with seven species that contain either the wild type strain of the S. aureus genotype (USA300-MRSA WT), its isogenic mutant with MSCRAMM deficiency (USA300-MRSA ΔMSCRAMM), a methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (ST72-MSSA-) or a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (USA800-MRSA) grown on hydroxyapatite disks were examined. Culture analyses, confocal-laser-scanning microscopy and proteome analyses were performed. S. aureus strains affected the amount of supragingival biofilm-associated species differently. The deletion of MSCRAMM genes disrupted the growth of S. aureus and the distribution of S. mutans and S. oralis within the biofilms. In addition, S. aureus caused shifts in the number of detectable proteins of other species in the 6S biofilm. S. aureus (USA300-MRSA WT), aggregated together with early colonizers such as Actinomyces and streptococci, influenced the number of secondary colonizers such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and was involved in structuring the biofilm architecture that triggered the change from a homeostatic biofilm to a dysbiotic biofilm to the development of oral diseases

Aspergillus em infecções endodônticas próximas ao seio maxilar

Submitted by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-01T17:17:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaines_sarquis_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1314917 bytes, checksum: 71ceb706147db7adcf1e8d54b9565d56 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by sandra infurna ([email protected]) on 2016-03-01T17:26:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaines_sarquis_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1314917 bytes, checksum: 71ceb706147db7adcf1e8d54b9565d56 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-01T17:26:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 mariaines_sarquis_etal_IOC_2015.pdf: 1314917 bytes, checksum: 71ceb706147db7adcf1e8d54b9565d56 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Campus Nova Friburgo. Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Campus Nova Friburgo. Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF).Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Campus Nova Friburgo. Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF). Campus Nova Friburgo. Nova Friburgo, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ). Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF).Niterói, RJ, Brasil.Introdução: Doenças do seio maxilar têm sido associadas à raízes com tratamento endodôntico próximas ao seio maxilar. Objetivo: Investigar a presença de fungos filamentosos em raízes com tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical, próximas ao seio maxilar, alertando para uma possível contaminação do seio maxilar por via odontogênica. Método: Estudo transversal em sessenta raízes palatinas de primeiros molares superiores próximas ao seio maxilar, com tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical. Após remoção do material obturador, raspas de dentina foram coletadas e inseridas em tubos de ensaio contendo Agar Sabouraud Dextrose e Clorafenicol. O fenótipo foi determinado pela análise macroscópica e microscópica das colônias. Para o PCR utilizou-se iniciadores ITS-5 e ITS-4. As sequencias obtidas foram comparadas as disponíveis no GenBank utilizando Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. Resultados: Fungos filamentosos foram isolados de 6 dos 60 canais (10%):Aspergillus niger (6,7%), Aspergillus versicolor (1,6%) e Aspergillus fumigatus(1,6%). Conclusão: Raízes próximas ao seio maxilar com tratamento endodôntico e lesão periapical, podem apresentar cultura positiva para fungos filamentosos. Profissionais afins devem estar alerta, pois este micro-organismo possuem características de patogenicidade podendo causar doenças no seio maxilar de origem odontogênica.INTRODUCTION: Diseases of the maxillary sinus have been associated with dental roots near the maxillary sinus that have undergone endodontic treatment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the presence of filamentous fungi in patients with dental roots near the maxillary sinus who had apical periodontitis treated endodontically, and to alert practitioners that this could be a possible avenue of contamination of the sinus in patients who develop maxillary sinus infection. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in 60 palatal roots of the first maxillary molars near the maxillary sinus, that underwent endodontic treatment for apical periodontitis. After removal of the filling material, dentin shavings were collected and placed in test tubes containing Sabouraud dextrose agar and chloramphenicol. The phenotype was determined by macroscopic and microscopic examination of the colonies. For polymerase chain reaction, the primers ITS-5 and ITS-4 were used. The sequences obtained were compared with those deposited at GenBank using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool program. RESULTS: Filamentous fungi were isolated from 6 of 60 canals (10%):Aspergillus niger (6.7%), Aspergillus versicolor (1.6%), and Aspergillus fumigatus(1.6%). CONCLUSION: Root canals near the maxillary sinus with endodontic treatment and apical periodontitis may exhibit positive cultures for filamentous fungi. Interested professionals should be alert, because these microorganisms have pathogenic characteristics that can cause disease of odontogenic origin in the maxillary sinus

Staphylococcus aureus Interferes with Streptococci Spatial Distribution and with Protein Expression of Species within a Polymicrobial Oral Biofilm

We asked whether transient Staphylococcus aureus in the oral environment synergistically interacts with orally associated bacterial species such as Actinomyces oris, Candida albicans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mutans, and Veillonella dispar (six-species control biofilm 6S). For this purpose, four modified biofilms with seven species that contain either the wild type strain of the S. aureus genotype (USA300-MRSA WT), its isogenic mutant with MSCRAMM deficiency (USA300-MRSA ΔMSCRAMM), a methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (ST72-MSSA-) or a methicillin-resistant S. aureus (USA800-MRSA) grown on hydroxyapatite disks were examined. Culture analyses, confocal-laser-scanning microscopy and proteome analyses were performed. S. aureus strains affected the amount of supragingival biofilm-associated species differently. The deletion of MSCRAMM genes disrupted the growth of S. aureus and the distribution of S. mutans and S. oralis within the biofilms. In addition, S. aureus caused shifts in the number of detectable proteins of other species in the 6S biofilm. S. aureus (USA300-MRSA WT), aggregated together with early colonizers such as Actinomyces and streptococci, influenced the number of secondary colonizers such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and was involved in structuring the biofilm architecture that triggered the change from a homeostatic biofilm to a dysbiotic biofilm to the development of oral diseases.ISSN:2079-638

The bacterial microbiome and metabolome in caries progression and arrest

Aim: This in vivo experimental study investigated bacterial microbiome and metabolome longitudinal changes associated with enamel caries lesion progression and arrest. Methods: We induced natural caries activity in three caries-free volunteers prior to four premolar extractions for orthodontic reasons. The experimental model included placement of a modified orthodontic band on smooth surfaces and a mesh on occlusal surfaces. We applied the caries-inducing protocol for 4- and 6-weeks, and subsequently promoted caries lesion arrest via a 2-week toothbrushing period. Lesions were verified clinically and quantitated via micro-CT enamel density measurements. The biofilm microbial composition was determined via 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing and NMR spectrometry was used for metabolomics. Results: Biofilm maturation and caries lesion progression were characterized by an increase in Gram-negative anaerobes, including Veillonella and Prevotella. Streptococcus was associated caries lesion progression, while a more equal distribution of Streptococcus, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium, Prevotella, Veillonella, and Saccharibacteria (TM7) characterized arrest. Lactate, acetate, pyruvate, alanine, valine, and sugars were more abundant in mature biofilms compared to newly formed biofilms. Conclusions: These longitudinal bacterial microbiome and metabolome results provide novel mechanistic insights into the role of the biofilm in caries progression and arrest and offer promising candidate biomarkers for validation in future studies

Relação entre biofilme, atividade de cárie e gengivite em crianças HIV+ Relation between biofilm, caries activity and gingivitis in HIV + children

A utilização de terapia medicamentosa em crianças infectadas pelo HIV (HIV+) vem promovendo a diminuição na prevalência de manifestações bucais em tecidos moles ao longo dos anos. Entretanto, observa-se uma constância na experiência de cárie e gengivite desta população, sobretudo devido à influência crônica de alguns fatores envolvidos no processo da infecção pelo HIV, como uso prolongado de medicamentos líquidos açucarados, dieta rica em carboidratos e repetidos episódios de internação. Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar se a qualidade e quantidade de biofilme representam um fator importante na atividade da doença cárie e gengivite neste grupo em especial. Após exame do biofilme (índice de biofilme; Ribeiro23, 2000), da atividade de cárie e gengivite de 56 crianças, de 0 a 14 anos, pacientes com diagnóstico definitivo de infecção pelo HIV, observou-se que somente 7 (12,5%) não apresentavam biofilme visível clinicamente e 33 (58,9%) apresentavam gengivite, com, em média, 4,44 superfícies com sangramento. Quanto à doença cárie, 73,2% das crianças apresentavam lesões cariosas ativas. Verificou-se ainda a correlação entre o índice de biofilme, o estado gengival e a atividade das lesões cariosas (teste de correlação de Spearman, r s = +0,57 e r s = +0,49, respectivamente). Conclui-se, que nas crianças HIV+ avaliadas, a qualidade e quantidade de biofilme sobre a superfície dental representam um importante fator na etiologia da atividade das doenças cárie e gengivite, podendo e devendo este ser trabalhado para que seja possível restabelecer a saúde bucal destas crianças.<br>The utilization of medicines to treat HIV-infected children has been promoting a decrease in the prevalence of soft-tissue oral lesions, as years pass by. In contrast, it has been observed that the experience of caries and gingivitis is constant in this population, mostly because of the chronic influence of some factors involved in the HIV-infection process, such as the chronic utilization of sweetened liquid medicines and carbohydrate-enriched diet, as well as frequent episodes of hospitalization. So, the purpose of this study was to evaluate if the quality and quantity of biofilm are important factors in the activity of dental caries and gingivitis, also in this special group. After examination of the biofilm (biofilm index - Ribeiro23, 2000), the activity of caries and gingivitis was assessed in 56 children, aging from 0 to 14 years, who were patients with definitive diagnosis of HIV infection. It was observed that only 7 subjects (12.5%) did not present with clinically visible biofilm, and 33 (58.9%) presented with gingivitis, with the average of 4.44 bleeding sites. As to dental caries, 73.2% of the patients presented with active carious lesions. A strong correlation was verified between Biofilm Index, gingival status and active carious lesions (Spearman’s correlation test, r s = +0.57 and r s = +0.49, respectively). It was concluded that, also in HIV-infected children, the quality and quantity of biofilm over the dental surfaces are important etiologic factors related to the activity of caries and gingivitis. Biofilm should, thus, be controlled in order to reestablish the oral health of HIV-infected children

Cohort Profile: ZOE 2.0—A Community-Based Genetic Epidemiologic Study of Early Childhood Oral Health

Early childhood caries (ECC) is an aggressive form of dental caries occurring in the first five years of life. Despite its prevalence and consequences, little progress has been made in its prevention and even less is known about individuals&rsquo; susceptibility or genomic risk factors. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) of ECC (&ldquo;ZOE 2.0&rdquo;) is a community-based, multi-ethnic, cross-sectional, genetic epidemiologic study seeking to address this knowledge gap. This paper describes the study&rsquo;s design, the cohort&rsquo;s demographic profile, data domains, and key oral health outcomes. Between 2016 and 2019, the study enrolled 8059 3&ndash;5-year-old children attending public preschools in North Carolina, United States. Participants resided in 86 of the state&rsquo;s 100 counties and racial/ethnic minorities predominated&mdash;for example, 48% (n = 3872) were African American, 22% white, and 20% (n = 1611) were Hispanic/Latino. Seventy-nine percent (n = 6404) of participants underwent clinical dental examinations yielding ECC outcome measures&mdash;ECC (defined at the established caries lesion threshold) prevalence was 54% and the mean number of decayed, missing, filled surfaces due to caries was eight. Nearly all (98%) examined children provided sufficient DNA from saliva for genotyping. The cohort&rsquo;s community-based nature and rich data offer excellent opportunities for addressing important clinical, epidemiologic, and biological questions in early childhood