High performance forward swept wing aircraft

A high performance aircraft capable of subsonic, transonic and supersonic speeds employs a forward swept wing planform and at least one first and second solution ejector located on the inboard section of the wing. A high degree of flow control on the inboard sections of the wing is achieved along with improved maneuverability and control of pitch, roll and yaw. Lift loss is delayed to higher angles of attack than in conventional aircraft. In one embodiment the ejectors may be advantageously positioned spanwise on the wing while the ductwork is kept to a minimum

Large-Scale Wind-Tunnel Tests and Evaluation of the Low-Speed Performance of a 35 deg Sweptback Wing Jet Transport Model Equipped with a Blowing Boundary-Layer-Control Flap and Leading-Edge Slat

A wind-tunnel investigation was conducted to determine the effect of trailing-edge flaps with blowing-type boundary-layer control and leading-edge slats on the low-speed performance of a large-scale jet transport model with four engines and a 35 deg. sweptback wing of aspect ratio 7. Two spanwise extents and several deflections of the trailing-edge flap were tested. Results were obtained with a normal leading-edge and with full-span leading-edge slats. Three-component longitudinal force and moment data and boundary-layer-control flow requirements are presented. The test results are analyzed in terms of possible improvements in low-speed performance. The effect on performance of the source of boundary-layer-control air flow is considered in the analysis

Time-averaged aerodynamic loads on the vane sets of the 40- by 80-foot and 80- by 120-foot wind tunnel complex

Time-averaged aerodynamic loads are estimated for each of the vane sets in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamic Complex (NFAC). The methods used to compute global and local loads are presented. Experimental inputs used to calculate these loads are based primarily on data obtained from tests conducted in the NFAC 1/10-Scale Vane-Set Test Facility and from tests conducted in the NFAC 1/50-Scale Facility. For those vane sets located directly downstream of either the 40- by 80-ft test section or the 80- by 120-ft test section, aerodynamic loads caused by the impingement of model-generated wake vortices and model-generated jet and propeller wakes are also estimated

Evaluation of fat-free mass by whole-body counter in Japanese healthy young adults

Whole-body counters (WBCs) are special instruments for measuring internal irradiation doses and are usually housed within or around nuclear facilities in the event of unexpected radiation emergencies. As a substantial proportion of total body potassium (TBK) is found in fat-free mass (FFM), FFM volume can be predicted from WBC-measured 40K. We screened TBK in Japanese healthy young adults using a WBC and found strong linear correlations between TBK and lean body mass (LBM) and body mass index (r = 0.97, P < 0.01 and r = 0.47, P < 0.01, respectively). Multiple linear regression analysis, following adjustments for sex, indicates that only LBM has a significant correlation with TBK (P < 0.01). These results strongly support the feasibility of using WBCs for estimating FF

Caregiver burden mediates between caregiver\u27s mental health condition and elder\u27s behavioral problems among Japanese family caregivers

Objectives: In Japan, the prevalence of depression has been reported to occur among 1 in 4 family caregivers. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-rated burden associated with mental health conditions among caregivers.Methods: We studied 95 caregivers aged 38-87 years in a cross-sectional study. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) score of 4 or more was defined as poor mental health.Results: The proportion of caregivers with poor mental health was 24%. Caregivers with a high GHQ-12 score had the number of caregiver burdens increased by 2.5-fold compared to those with a low GHQ-12 score (p = 0.001). The proportion of caregivers with a high GHQ-12 score was significantly higher with an increasing number of behavioral problems among care recipients (p = 0.003). A mediational model was used to identify the underlying mechanism of the relationship between the number of behavioral problems and poor mental health in caregivers. Consequently, we found that mental health conditions in caregivers were associated with both the number of caregiver burdens and behavioral problems among care recipients.Conclusions: It is vital to provide support not only to the caregivers but also to their elderly relatives, paying particular attention to early identification of poor mental health in caregivers so as to administer effective interventions, and to offer useful advice concerning how to deal with behavioral problems

Estimation of Blood Loss in Total Knee Arthroplasty with and without Tourniquet

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) without a tourniquet can reduce the risk of large venous emboli, but is associated with increased blood loss. To provide an accurate estimate of this blood loss, we divided 136 patients who underwent primary TKA into four groups based on the type of operation: 1) bilateral TKA with tourniquet; 2) bilateral TKA without tourniquet; 3) unilateral TKA with tourniquet; and 4) unilateral TKA without tourniquet. Blood loss was estimated by calculating the fall in hemoglobin and total blood volume corrected for Japanese. A small difference in intraoperative blood loss was seen between unilateral TKA without tourniquet (308 ml) and bilateral TKA without tourniquet (411 ml). Total blood loss was 879 ml in unilateral TKA with tourniquet, 1165 ml in unilateral TKA without tourniquet, 1458 ml in bilateral TKA with tourniquet and 1823 ml in bilateral TKA without tourniquet. Uni- and bilateral TKAs without a tourniquet were thus associated with an increased blood loss. Performing TKA without a tourniquet should thus be reconsidered to avoid venous thromboembolism

Risk Factors for Fracture in Adult Patients with Cerebral Palsy

Most studies on risk factors for fracture in patients with cerebral palsy have been conducted in children. We examined the relationships between age, body mass, gender, osteoporosis, osteomalacia and mobility level with history of a previous fracture in adult patients with cerebral palsy. We studied 124 institutionalized adults (52 men, age: 21-56 years, and 72 women, age: 24-47 years) with cerebral palsy. Antero-posterior radiographs of the pelvis were examined for osteoporosis and graded using the Singh index. Serum calcium, phosphate and alkaline phosphatase were measured. Osteoporosis was defined as grade 1-4 in Singh index. Osteomalacia was defined as calcium 220 U/l. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated from body height and weight. Medical records were examined for history of previous fractures and mobility levels (ambulatory /nonambulatory). A history of previous fracture was noted in 17 patients (6 men and 11 women). The proportion of osteoporosis in non-ambulatory patients was higher than in ambulatory patients. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that presence of osteoporosis and mobility level (ambulation) were two factors that significantly correlated with a history of fracture. The latter did not correlate with age, BMI, gender and osteomalacia. Our findings suggest that osteoporosis is an important risk factor for fracture in adults with cerebral palsy. Since falling is also a risk factor for certain fractures, fractures seem to be more likely to occur in ambulatory patients through falling despite the low prevalence of osteoporosis