Transdramaturgias nas Artes do Corpo no Japão

A última década tem sido marcada por discussões que repensam a noção de dramaturgia a partir do surgimento de novas tecnologias e debates políticos. No Japão, este termo nunca foi amplamente usado, a não ser para obras concebidas por artistas Ocidentais. Entretanto, isto não significa que não exista uma dramaturgia nas experiências artísticas japonesas. Trata-se de uma epistemologia distinta para lidar com as relações entre texto e ação e, por isso, pede por outras abordagens. A proposta deste artigo é testar o termo transdramaturgia, tendo em vista buscar uma aproximação com alguns dispositivos lógico-afetivos identificados em experiências de artistas japoneses. Não se trata de impor uma nova classificação, mas sim, de chamar a atenção para uma lógica trans (não dicotômica), que evidencia como o processo dramatúrgico tem início antes da organização da cena artística (narrativas e gestos), durante a gênese de um pensar/sentir corpos e ambientes. Partimos de performances transgênero que desafiam a dicotomia masculino/feminino desde o Japão medieval; e de experimentos transdimensionais recentes, que negligenciam dicotomias entre real e ficcional, pessoa e objeto, radicalizando a noção de criação como insurgência de novos sentidos para a arte. Busca-se, assim, ampliar os debates sobre dramaturgia contemporânea

As bonecas do amor no Japão: (outros) corpos que importam em contextos de crise

No Japão, as bonecas sexuais são chamadas love dolls ou bonecas do amor. Essa denominação revela uma multiplicidade de relacionamentos entre elas e os seus usuários, que vai muito além da prática sexual, apresentando modos de lidar com a solidão e as novas possibilidades para compreender os vínculos afetivos e seus processos comunicacionais. Há relatos de bonecas companheiras de viagens e de momentos de lazer, modelos para fotografias e maquiagens e, até mesmo, aquelas que são objetos de amor. O mercado cresceu tanto no Japão que a empresa Ningen Love Doll passou a organizar funerais específicos para bonecas, a exemplo do que já foi realizado com pets robôs. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que a pesquisa sobre os afetos dos japoneses, por seres inorgânicos (bonecas, robôs, hologramas etc.), alinha-se com discussões em torno das novas materialidades e das questões de gênero, suscitando reflexões fundamentais para lidar com situações de crise que fazem repensar epistemologias da comunicação e do corpo. Em termos metodológicos, realizamos uma pesquisa de campo no Japão entre 2019 e 2020 e uma análise bibliográfica que reúne autores como Giard (2016), Esposito (2016), Perniola (2005), Braidotti (2013) e entre outros

S.O.B (Save Our Budget) - A Simulation-Based Method for Prediction of Acquisition Costs of Constituents of a System-of-Systems

Software economics, acquisition, and pricing are important concerns for Systems-of-Systems (SoS). SoS are alliances of independent software-intensive systems combined to offer holistic functionalities as a result of the constituents interoperability. SoS engineering involves separately acquiring constituents and combining them to form the SoS. Despite the existence of cost prediction techniques, predicting SoS acquisition costs at design-time should also include the analysis of different suppliers of constituents, their respective prices and quality. However, known methods cover only two out of these three parameters.  The main contribution of this article is to present the S.O.B. (Save Our Budget) method, a novel simulation-based method to predict, at design-time, the acquisition cost of constituents, while still considering quality attributes and different suppliers. Results of a case study in the Smart Building domain revealed that S.O.B. method supports a precise prediction of acquisition cost of constituents to build a SoS for that domain. Furthermore, it also contributes to estimate the cost based on a pre-established quality attribute (functional suitability), as well as to support the selection of coalition that exhibits better results through the analysis of cost-benefit ratio.Software economics, acquisition, and pricing are important concerns for Systems-of-Systems (SoS). SoS are alliances of independent software-intensive systems combined to offer holistic functionalities as a result of the constituents interoperability. SoS engineering involves separately acquiring constituents and combining them to form the SoS. Despite the existence of cost prediction techniques, predicting SoS acquisition costs at design-time should also include the analysis of different suppliers of constituents, their respective prices and quality. However, known methods cover only two out of these three parameters. The main contribution of this article is to present the S.O.B. (Save Our Budget) method, a novel simulation-based method to predict, at design-time, the acquisition cost of constituents, while still considering quality attributes and different suppliers. Results of a case study in the Smart Building domain revealed that S.O.B. method supports a precise prediction of acquisition cost of constituents to build a SoS for that domain. Furthermore, it also contributes to estimate the cost based on a pre-established quality attribute (functional suitability), as well as to support the selection of coalition that exhibits better results through the analysis of cost-benefit ratio

Understanding how and under what circumstances decision coaching works for people making healthcare decisions: a realist review

Background - Decision coaching is non-directive support delivered by a trained healthcare provider to help people prepare to actively participate in making healthcare decisions. This study aimed to understand how and under what circumstances decision coaching works for people making healthcare decisions. Methods - We followed the realist review methodology for this study. This study was built on a Cochrane systematic review of the effectiveness of decision coaching interventions for people facing healthcare decisions. It involved six iterative steps: (1) develop the initial program theory; (2) search for evidence; (3) select, appraise, and prioritize studies; (4) extract and organize data; (5) synthesize evidence; and (6) consult stakeholders and draw conclusions. Results - We developed an initial program theory based on decision coaching theories and stakeholder feedback. Of the 2594 citations screened, we prioritized 27 papers for synthesis based on their relevance rating. To refine the program theory, we identified 12 context-mechanism-outcome (CMO) configurations. Essential mechanisms for decision coaching to be initiated include decision coaches’, patients’, and clinicians’ commitments to patients’ involvement in decision making and decision coaches’ knowledge and skills (four CMOs). CMOs during decision coaching are related to the patient (i.e., willing to confide, perceiving their decisional needs are recognized, acquiring knowledge, feeling supported), and the patient-decision coach interaction (i.e., exchanging information, sharing a common understanding of patient’s values) (five CMOs). After decision coaching, the patient’s progress in making or implementing a values-based preferred decision can be facilitated by the decision coach’s advocacy for the patient, and the patient’s deliberation upon options (two CMOs). Leadership support enables decision coaches to have access to essential resources to fulfill their role (one CMOs). Discussion - In the refined program theory, decision coaching works when there is strong leadership support and commitment from decision coaches, clinicians, and patients. Decision coaches need to be capable in coaching, encourage patients’ participation, build a trusting relationship with patients, and act as a liaison between patients and clinicians to facilitate patients’ progress in making or implementing an informed values-based preferred option. More empirical studies, especially qualitative and process evaluation studies, are needed to further refine the program theory

キュウショク カンリ ジッシュウ ニオケル コンダテ コウセイ ヨウソ ダイ4ホウ ショクヒン ジュウリョウ エンブン ノウド トウド ニタイスル ニンシキ ノ ジッタイ

給食管理実習の献立作成時に必要な要素の一つである食品重量の見積もり能力,および市販食品の塩分濃度,精度に対する認識の現状を把握し,今後の教育に反映させるため2000年,2001年各10月に調査,検討を行った。対象は本学食物栄養専攻の2年生延べ185名である。結果は次のとおりであった。1)食品重量の見積もりは全体に低く見積もられ,菓子,野菜,果物の見積もり値が前回の報告同様低く,正解域とした±10%以内に見積もった食品数は前回より減少した。また,見積もりのばらつきを示す変動係数は増加傾向であった。2)調理食品および乾物の重量見積もりも全体に低く見積もるものが多かったが,年度により全く異なる値を示した。3)市販食品の塩分濃度は全体にかなり高く見積もり,市販食品に含まれる塩分は多いとの認識をもっていることが窺えた。4)市販食品の精度は全体では適正に見積もったものが多かった。しかし,正解域群の解答者数は少なく,個人による認識の差が大きかった

A novel transgenic chimaeric mouse system for the rapid functional evaluation of genes encoding secreted proteins

A major challenge of the post-genomic era is the functional characterization of anonymous open reading frames (ORFs) identified by the Human Genome Project. In this context, there is a strong requirement for the development of technologies that enhance our ability to analyze gene functions at the level of the whole organism. Here, we describe a rapid and efficient procedure to generate transgenic chimaeric mice that continuously secrete a foreign protein into the systemic circulation. The transgene units were inserted into the genomic site adjacent to the endogenous immunoglobulin (Ig) κ locus by homologous recombination, using a modified mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell line that exhibits a high frequency of homologous recombination at the Igκ region. The resultant ES clones were injected into embryos derived from a B-cell-deficient host strain, thus producing chimaerism-independent, B-cell-specific transgene expression. This feature of the system eliminates the time-consuming breeding typically implemented in standard transgenic strategies and allows for evaluating the effect of ectopic transgene expression directly in the resulting chimaeric mice. To demonstrate the utility of this system we showed high-level protein expression in the sera and severe phenotypes in human EPO (hEPO) and murine thrombopoietin (mTPO) transgenic chimaeras

Serum Level of Soluble CD163 May Be a Predictive Marker of the Effectiveness of Nivolumab in Patients With Advanced Cutaneous Melanoma

Antibodies against programmed cell death protein 1, such as nivolumab and pembrolizumab, are widely used for treating various cancers, including advanced melanoma. Nivolumab significantly prolongs survival in patients with metastatic melanoma, and sequential administration with lipilimumab may improve outcomes when switched at the appropriate time. Biomarkers are therefore needed to evaluate nivolumab efficacy soon after first administration. This study analyzed serum levels of soluble cluster of differentiation 163 (sCD163) in 59 cases of advanced cutaneous melanoma and 16 cases of advanced mucosal melanoma treated using nivolumab. Serum levels of sCD163 were significantly increased after 6 weeks in responders compared to non-responders after initial administration of nivolumab for cutaneous melanoma. In contrast, no significant difference between responders and non-responders was seen among patients with non-cutaneous melanoma. These results suggest that sCD163 may be useful as a biomarker for selecting patients with advanced cutaneous melanoma most likely to benefit from anti-melanoma immunotherapy

女子短大生の体力と血液性状の10年間の動向

"1) 10年間において, 身体状況では, 身長, 体重に大きな変動は認められなかったが, 体脂肪率に減少傾向, 収縮期血圧, 拡張期血圧, 安静時心拍数に上昇傾向がみられた。2) 体力測定結果では, 握力 (筋力), 垂直跳び (瞬発力), 全身反応時間 (敏捷性) で有意な低下がみられた。立位体前屈 (柔軟性), 最大酸素摂取量 (心肺持久力) では年度間の差はみられなかったが, 全国平均値に比べ, 体力的にやや低い集団であると考えられた。3) 血液測定結果では, 食物摂取の影響が考えられる血糖値, 総コレステロール, 総蛋白質で有意な増加がみられた。4) 対象者では, 体力の低下や, やせ傾向が認められたことから, 学生自身が健康に対する意識を高め, 体力向上への実践として, 体育などに取り組む必要性が明らかとなった。本研究の一部は第50回日本栄養改善学会に報告した。

食品重量見積もりにおける情報提供およびトレーニングの有無による誤差率の変動

1) 今回のトレーニングで見積もり誤差率の改善がみられた食品は, 対象となる食品すべてのトレーニングを実施したトレーニング有グループでうずら卵 (p<0.05), 草加煎餅 (p<0.01), ピンキー (p<0.01) の3食品, 一部食品のみトレーニングを行った一部トレーニング有グループではピーマン (p<0.01), 草加煎餅 (p<0.01) の2食品であった。2) 正解域群の解答割合がトレーニング後に増加する傾向を示したものは, 菓子類, さんま, ちくわ, うずら卵, ピーマンなど一定の形状を示す食品に多くみられたが, 形状・大きさが定型化していない食品については把握しにくい傾向がみられ, 今後の検討課題と考えられた。3) CV値50以上を示すばらつきの多い食品数はトレーニングにより減少する傾向にあり, その効果がみられた。4) 鶏卵Mの重量を50gと解答した割合はトレーニング無グループ74.2%, 一部有グループ72%で, 目安重量として学習した値を用いる傾向がみられた。5) 塩分・糖度の見積もりでは今回の情報提供による改善はみられず, 今後, 栄養成分表示などを活用した教育の必要性が示唆された