17 research outputs found

    Atmospheric compensation experiments on free-space optical coherent communication systems

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    In the last years free-space optical communications systems for wireless links have been proposed, studied, and implemented mainly due to the higher bandwidth that this technology is able to provide. Still, radio frequency (RF) systems have been maintained in practical wireless communications systems due to the improvement of the microwave sources and the development of high speed electronics. Nowadays the circumstances are changing as a consequence of the increasing data-rate needed in terrestrial and outer space communications. The shift from RF systems to optical communication systems in the free space applications provide a wide set of advantageous characteristics that are motivating the use of these optical technologies in detriment of the RF systems. One of the key reasons is the advantage of working with optical wavelengths in compare to the RF spectral band. As well as the already mentioned increase in the available bandwidth due to the fact that higher optical frequencies directly mean wider bandwidths, the use of optical frequencies lead to a better performance in terms of the received power: for equal antenna sizes the received signal goes inversely as the square of the wavelength. Of the most interest, recent coherent optical communication systems address modulation and detection techniques for high spectral efficiency and robustness against transmission impairments. Coherent detection is an advanced detection technique for achieving high spectral efficiency and maximizing power or signal-to-noise (SNR) efficiency, as symbol decisions are made using the in-phase and quadrature signals, allowing information to be encoded in all the available degrees of freedom. In this context, the effects of Earth's atmosphere must be taken into account. Turbulenceinduced wavefront distortions affect the transmitted beam responsible for deterioration of the link bit error rate (BER). The use of adaptive optics to mitigate turbulence-induced phase fluctuations in links employing coherent (synchronous) detection is poised to reduce performance penalties enabling a more capable next generation of free-space optical communications. In this work, we describe the implementation of a free space optical coherent communication system using QPSK modulation and heterodyne downconvertion that uses adaptive optics techniques and digital signal processing to mitigate turbulenceinduced phase fluctuations and channel impairments in coherent receivers. A new method for generating atmospheric turbulence based on binary computer generated holography (BCGH) using binary arrays is presented and its performance is evaluated. The feasibility of FSO coherent systems working with adaptive optics is demonstrated and the system performance in terms of the BER is experimentally evaluated under the influence of atmospheric turbulence. The resulting system performance is compared against the theoretical models. The viability of the approach to improve the system efficiency and sensitivity of coherent receivers is experimentally demonstrated.En los 煤ltimos a帽os las comunicaciones 贸pticas en el espacio libre han sido propuestas, analizadas e implementadas debido, principalmente, al gran ancho de banda disponible mediante esta tecnolog铆a. A煤n as铆, en la pr谩ctica, los sistemas de radiofrecuencia (RF) han sido mantenidos en las aplicaciones comerciales debido a la mejora de los dispositivos utilizados y al desarrollo de equipos electr贸nicos con gran velocidad de procesado. Hoy en d铆a la situaci贸n est谩 cambiando como consecuencia de un incremento en la tasa de transmisi贸n requerida en sistemas de comunicaciones terrestres y en el espacio exterior. El cambio de sistemas de RF hacia sistemas 贸pticos en el espacio libre implica una serie de ventajas clave que motiva la transici贸n hacia estas tecnolog铆as. La primera y gran ventaja de trabajar con frecuencias pertenecientes al espectro 贸ptico es el aumento del ancho de banda disponible, ya que trabajar a alta frecuencia implica directamente un incremento en el ancho de banda. Adem谩s, la eficiencia en t茅rminos de potencia es incrementada, ya que, para un tama帽o de antena fijo, la potencia de se帽al recivida es proporcional al inverso de la longitud de onda al cuadrado. De especial inter茅s es el desarrollo de sistemas de comunicaciones 贸pticos que utilicen modulaciones complejas, lo que implica una mayor eficiencia espectral y una mayor robustez contra efectos perniciosos introducidos por el canal. La detecci贸n coherente es una avanzada t茅cnica que permite un aumento en la eficiencia espectral y maximiza la eficiencia de la potencia recibida. Esto es debido a que los simbolos son demodulados utilizando las se帽ales en fase y cuadratura, aumentando los grados de libertad del sistema. En este contexto, los efectos de la atm贸sfera sobre las comunicaciones 贸pticas coherentes deben ser analizadas en detalle. Las turbulencias atmosf茅ricas distorsionan el frente de onda y son responsables del deterioro de la tasa de error en las comunicaciones 贸pticas en el espacio libre. El uso de 贸ptica adaptativa para mitigar los efectos de turbulencia atmosph茅rica abre una ventana a la implementaci贸n de la pr贸xima generaci贸n de sistemas de comunicaciones, basados en tecnolog铆as coherentes. En este trabajo se describe la implementaci贸n de un sistema completo de comunicaciones 贸pticas coherentes utilizando una modulaci贸n coherente (QPSK) y detecci贸n heterodina. Un sistema de 贸ptica adaptativa y algoritmos de procesado de se帽al son implementados con el objetivo de mitigar los diferentes efectos introducidos por el canal. Por otro lado, un nuevo m茅todo para generar frentes de onda distorsionados por el canal atmosf茅rico es desarrollado y su eficiencia es analizada. Este m茅todo se basa en el uso de holograf铆a binaria generada por computador (BCGH) junto con un dispositivo de modulaci贸n 贸ptica binaria de bajo coste (DLP). El funcionamiento del sistema completo es verificado y su eficiencia, en t茅rminos de tasa de error, son analizados. La eficiencia obtenida experimentalmente es comparada contra los modelos te贸ricos propuestos en la literatura. La viabilidad del uso de 贸ptica adaptativa para mitigar efectos en sistemas 贸pticos coherentes es experimentalmente demostrada

    Generation of atmospheric wavefronts using binary micromirror arrays

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    漏 [2016 Optical Society of America.]. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited.To simulate in the laboratory the influence that a turbulent atmosphere has on light beams, we introduce a practical method for generating atmospheric wavefront distortions that considers digital holographic reconstruction using a programmable binary micromirror array. We analyze the efficiency of the approach for different configurations of the micromirror array and experimentally demonstrate the benchtop technique. Though the mirrors on the digital array can only be positioned in one of two states, we show that the holographic technique can be used to devise a wide variety of atmospheric wavefront aberrations in a controllable and predictable way for a fraction of the cost of phase-only spatial light modulators.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Sistemes 貌ptics coherents: del disseny a la implementaci贸

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    Establishing the basis of optical coherent transmission and detection which exploit digital signal processing (DSP) to optimize the performance of optical communication systems.[ANGL脠S] In this project we analyze the theoretical models of optical coherent communication systems as well as the front-end arquitectures used to implement them. Key concepts as balanced photo detection and quantum limit are explained and studied. Complex modulation schemes maximize spectral efficiency and power efficiency by encoding information in two degrees of freedom. Homodyne and heterodyne downconvertion are shown to be linear processes that can fully recover the received signal field. When optical downconverted signals are sampled, compensation of transmission impairments can be performed using digital signal processing (DSP). Clock recovery, frequency offset compensation and phase offset compensation algorithms are studied and their performance is shown. Based on the theory analyzed, an optical coherent transceiver is designed using commercially available devices. A system and device characterization is performed. Implementation effects as bandwidth limitations, laser source deviation and different noise sources are studied. Modulation and demodulation impairments introduced by real devices are analyzed in order to evaluate their penalization over the signal quality at the receiver. The experimental set-up is then implemented and parameterized. The system performance is validated and the receiver robustness is tested under the presence of additive white gaussian noise (AWGN).[CASTELL脌] En este proyecto se analizan los modelos te贸ricos de los sistemas de comunicaci贸n 贸pticos coherentes, as铆 como las arquitecturas front-end utilizadas para ponerlas en pr谩ctica. Se explican los conceptos clave como la foto detecci贸n balanceada y el ruido shot. Esquemas complejos de modulaci贸n son introducidos con el objetivo de maximizar la eficiencia espectral y la eficiencia energ茅tica mediante la codificaci贸n de la informaci贸n en dos grados de libertad. La detecci贸n homodina y heterodina demuestran ser procesos lineales que pueden recuperar completamente el campo de la se帽al recibida. Cuando las se帽ales 贸pticas subconvertidas se muestrean, la compensaci贸n de las deficiencias de transmisi贸n se puede realizar mediante procesamiento de se帽al digital (DSP). Los algoritmos de recuperaci贸n del reloj, compensacion en frecuencia y compensacion de fase son analizados y su rendimiento es estudiado. Bas谩ndose en la teor铆a analizada, un transceptor 贸ptico coherente es dise帽ado utilizando dispositivos comercialmente disponibles. La caracterizaci贸n de los dispositivo involucrados es realizada, as铆 como los efectos introducidos por no idealidades. Las penalizaciones en modulaci贸n y demodulaci贸n introducidas por los dispositivos reales se analizan con el fin de evaluar la calidad de la se帽al en el receptor. El montaje experimental es implementado y parametrizado. El rendimiento del sistema se valida y la robustez del receptor es testeada bajo la presencia de diferentes ratios de se帽al-ruido.[CATAL脌] En aquest projecte s'analitzen els models te貌rics dels sistemes de comunicaci贸 貌ptics coherents, aix铆 com les arquitectures front-end utilitzades per posar-les en pr脿ctica. S'expliquen els conceptes clau com la foto detecci贸 balancejada i el soroll shot. Esquemes complexos de modulaci贸 s贸n introdu茂ts amb l'objectiu de maximitzar l'efici猫ncia espectral i l'efici猫ncia energ猫tica mitjan莽ant la codificaci贸 de la informaci贸 en dos graus de llibertat. La detecci贸 homodina i heterodina demostren ser processos lineals que poden recuperar completament el camp del senyal rebut. Quan els senyals 貌ptiques subconvertidas es mostregen, la compensaci贸 de les defici猫ncies de transmissi贸 es pot realitzar mitjan莽ant processament de senyal digital (DSP). Els algorismes de recuperaci贸 del rellotge, compensaci贸 en freq眉猫ncia i compensaci贸 de fase s贸n analitzats i el seu rendiment 茅s estudiat. Basant-se en la teoria analitzada, un transceptor 貌ptic coherent 茅s dissenyat utilitzant dispositius comercialment disponibles. La caracteritzaci贸 dels dispositiu involucrats 茅s realitzada, aix铆 com els efectes introdu茂ts per no idealitats. Les penalitzacions en modulaci贸 i demodulaci贸 introdu茂des pels dispositius reals s'analitzen per tal d'avaluar la qualitat del senyal en el receptor. El muntatge experimental 茅s implementat i parametritzat. El rendiment del sistema es valida i la robustesa del receptor 茅s testada sota la pres猫ncia de diferents r脿tios de senyal-soroll

    Sistemes 貌ptics coherents: del disseny a la implementaci贸

    No full text
    Establishing the basis of optical coherent transmission and detection which exploit digital signal processing (DSP) to optimize the performance of optical communication systems.[ANGL脠S] In this project we analyze the theoretical models of optical coherent communication systems as well as the front-end arquitectures used to implement them. Key concepts as balanced photo detection and quantum limit are explained and studied. Complex modulation schemes maximize spectral efficiency and power efficiency by encoding information in two degrees of freedom. Homodyne and heterodyne downconvertion are shown to be linear processes that can fully recover the received signal field. When optical downconverted signals are sampled, compensation of transmission impairments can be performed using digital signal processing (DSP). Clock recovery, frequency offset compensation and phase offset compensation algorithms are studied and their performance is shown. Based on the theory analyzed, an optical coherent transceiver is designed using commercially available devices. A system and device characterization is performed. Implementation effects as bandwidth limitations, laser source deviation and different noise sources are studied. Modulation and demodulation impairments introduced by real devices are analyzed in order to evaluate their penalization over the signal quality at the receiver. The experimental set-up is then implemented and parameterized. The system performance is validated and the receiver robustness is tested under the presence of additive white gaussian noise (AWGN).[CASTELL脌] En este proyecto se analizan los modelos te贸ricos de los sistemas de comunicaci贸n 贸pticos coherentes, as铆 como las arquitecturas front-end utilizadas para ponerlas en pr谩ctica. Se explican los conceptos clave como la foto detecci贸n balanceada y el ruido shot. Esquemas complejos de modulaci贸n son introducidos con el objetivo de maximizar la eficiencia espectral y la eficiencia energ茅tica mediante la codificaci贸n de la informaci贸n en dos grados de libertad. La detecci贸n homodina y heterodina demuestran ser procesos lineales que pueden recuperar completamente el campo de la se帽al recibida. Cuando las se帽ales 贸pticas subconvertidas se muestrean, la compensaci贸n de las deficiencias de transmisi贸n se puede realizar mediante procesamiento de se帽al digital (DSP). Los algoritmos de recuperaci贸n del reloj, compensacion en frecuencia y compensacion de fase son analizados y su rendimiento es estudiado. Bas谩ndose en la teor铆a analizada, un transceptor 贸ptico coherente es dise帽ado utilizando dispositivos comercialmente disponibles. La caracterizaci贸n de los dispositivo involucrados es realizada, as铆 como los efectos introducidos por no idealidades. Las penalizaciones en modulaci贸n y demodulaci贸n introducidas por los dispositivos reales se analizan con el fin de evaluar la calidad de la se帽al en el receptor. El montaje experimental es implementado y parametrizado. El rendimiento del sistema se valida y la robustez del receptor es testeada bajo la presencia de diferentes ratios de se帽al-ruido.[CATAL脌] En aquest projecte s'analitzen els models te貌rics dels sistemes de comunicaci贸 貌ptics coherents, aix铆 com les arquitectures front-end utilitzades per posar-les en pr脿ctica. S'expliquen els conceptes clau com la foto detecci贸 balancejada i el soroll shot. Esquemes complexos de modulaci贸 s贸n introdu茂ts amb l'objectiu de maximitzar l'efici猫ncia espectral i l'efici猫ncia energ猫tica mitjan莽ant la codificaci贸 de la informaci贸 en dos graus de llibertat. La detecci贸 homodina i heterodina demostren ser processos lineals que poden recuperar completament el camp del senyal rebut. Quan els senyals 貌ptiques subconvertidas es mostregen, la compensaci贸 de les defici猫ncies de transmissi贸 es pot realitzar mitjan莽ant processament de senyal digital (DSP). Els algorismes de recuperaci贸 del rellotge, compensaci贸 en freq眉猫ncia i compensaci贸 de fase s贸n analitzats i el seu rendiment 茅s estudiat. Basant-se en la teoria analitzada, un transceptor 貌ptic coherent 茅s dissenyat utilitzant dispositius comercialment disponibles. La caracteritzaci贸 dels dispositiu involucrats 茅s realitzada, aix铆 com els efectes introdu茂ts per no idealitats. Les penalitzacions en modulaci贸 i demodulaci贸 introdu茂des pels dispositius reals s'analitzen per tal d'avaluar la qualitat del senyal en el receptor. El muntatge experimental 茅s implementat i parametritzat. El rendiment del sistema es valida i la robustesa del receptor 茅s testada sota la pres猫ncia de diferents r脿tios de senyal-soroll

    Modeling dynamic atmospheric turbulence using temporal spectra and Karhunen-Lo猫ve decomposition

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    We introduce a method for creating temporally evolving wavefront distortions that uses Karhunen鈥揕o猫ve (K-L) decomposition and the associated temporal power spectra. We model the single- and multilayer cases for horizontal and vertical paths, for which spherical and plane-wave geometries must be assumed, respectively. Simulation results confirming correct representation of the spatial and temporal statistics are presented. We demonstrate that the method is able to produce dynamic wavefronts that follow the behavior predicted by the theory while introducing key advantages in terms of storage in computer memory

    Generating infinitely long phase-screens with the Karhunen-Lo猫ve decomposition

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    We introduce a method for creating temporally evolving wavefront distortions that uses Karhunen-Lo猫ve decomposition and the associated temporal power spectra. We demonstrate that the method is able to produce dynamic wavefronts that follow the behavior predicted by the theory while introducing key advantages in terms of calculation speed and storage in computer memory

    Experimental analysis of adaptive optics compensation in free-space coherent laser communications

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    In this work we present a practical, experimental analysis of the effects of adaptive optics compensation on the performance of free-space coherent optical receivers. In order to fulfill this objective, we have developed a laboratory test bed for simulating atmospheric turbulence using Kolmogorov statistics; we have implemented a digital-signal-processing-based phase shift keying heterodyne coherent receiver; and we have integrated a compact module operating a low-cost adaptive optics system that applies modal and zonal wavefront correction. We have checked our experimental results against previously reported analytical models describing the performance of coherent receivers using atmospheric compensation techniques.Peer ReviewedPostprint (author's final draft

    Generation of atmospheric wavefronts using binary micromirror arrays

    No full text
    漏 [2016 Optical Society of America.]. One print or electronic copy may be made for personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modifications of the content of this paper are prohibited.To simulate in the laboratory the influence that a turbulent atmosphere has on light beams, we introduce a practical method for generating atmospheric wavefront distortions that considers digital holographic reconstruction using a programmable binary micromirror array. We analyze the efficiency of the approach for different configurations of the micromirror array and experimentally demonstrate the benchtop technique. Though the mirrors on the digital array can only be positioned in one of two states, we show that the holographic technique can be used to devise a wide variety of atmospheric wavefront aberrations in a controllable and predictable way for a fraction of the cost of phase-only spatial light modulators.Peer Reviewe

    Experimental analysis of adaptive optics compensation in free-space coherent laser communications

    No full text
    In this work we present a practical, experimental analysis of the effects of adaptive optics compensation on the performance of free-space coherent optical receivers. In order to fulfill this objective, we have developed a laboratory test bed for simulating atmospheric turbulence using Kolmogorov statistics; we have implemented a digital-signal-processing-based phase shift keying heterodyne coherent receiver; and we have integrated a compact module operating a low-cost adaptive optics system that applies modal and zonal wavefront correction. We have checked our experimental results against previously reported analytical models describing the performance of coherent receivers using atmospheric compensation techniques.Peer Reviewe
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