Sensing Of Aqueous Phosphates By Polymers With Dual Modes Of Signal Transduction

A new approach to sensing of aqueous phosphate-related anions based on chromogenic conductive polymers is demonstrated. This method utilizes synergy between low-level p-doping in a polythiophene polymer and hydrogen bonding to increase anion-sensor affinity. These chromogenic conductive polymers show anion-specific changes both in color and in conductivity upon increasing concentration of anions, thus providing two independent modes of signal transduction

Emission Color Tuning In Alq(3) Complexes With Extended Conjugated Chromophores

GraphicsA new method for the synthesis of 5-arylethynyl-8-hydroxyquinoline ligands using Sonogashira-Hagihara coupling was developed. The electronic nature of arylethynyl substituents affects the emission color and quantum yield of the resulting Al(III) complex. Photophysical properties of the metallocomplexes correspond to the electron-withdrawing/-donating character of the arylethynyl substituents. Optical properties of such AI(Ill) complexes correlate with the Hammett constant values of the respective substituents. This strategy offers a powerful tool for the preparation of electroluminophores with predictable photophysical properties

1,3-indane-based Chromogenic Calixpyrroles With Push-pull Chromophores: Synthesis And Anion Sensing

Knoevenagel condensation of 2-formyl-octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole with selected 1,3-indanedione derivatives yields calix[4]pyrrole anion sensors with push-pull chromophores displaying strong intramolecular charge transfer. The push-pull feature results in augmented signal output as well as in dramatic changes in anion selectivity exemplified by a 50-fold increase in acetate vs chloride selectivity compared to the parent calix[4]pyrrole

Sensing Of Antipyretic Carboxylates By Simple Chromogenic Calix[4]pyrroles

We present a simple, two- or three-step method for the synthesis of chromogenic octamethylcalix[4]pyrrole-based (OMCP) sensors for anions. Electrophilic aromatic substitution allows for converting the pyrrole moieties of OMCP into a dye. The formation of a sensor-anion complex results in partial charge transfer and a dramatic change in color. The absorption (UV-vis) and NMR titration experiments show that the chromogenic OMCPs sense anions administered as aqueous solutions, even at high ionic strength ( approximately 0.1 M NaCl), while displaying selectivity for pyrophosphate and carboxylate anions. The experiments with polyurethane sensor films show a strong response for aqueous carboxylates, such as antipyretics naproxen approximately ibuprofen \u3e salicylate, without being biased by bicarbonate or carboxy termini of blood plasma proteins

First Supramolecular Sensors for Phosphonate Anions

Fluorescent tripodal anion sensors with a 1,3,5-triethylbenzene core display a turn-on fluorescence response to phosphonate and phosphate anions and may be used as optical sensors. The properties of the receptors and sensors as well as their anion binding behavior were investigated both in solution and in solid state. The turn-on fluorescence response can be leveraged in sensing of phosphate anions and, most importantly, hydrolysis products of the nerve gas sarin, isopropyl methylphosphonate (IMP), and methylphosphonate (MP). The fluorescence signal amplification in the presence of anions allows for application of these molecules in a sensor microarray suitable for high-throughput screening.NSF CHE 0750303, EXP-LA 0731153BGSU (TIE Grant)Chemistr

Simple Electrooptical Sensors For Inorganic Anions

Electrooptical sensors consisting of a conjugated chromophore undergoing a change in color and a redox-active moiety such as quinone fused to the chromophore were synthesized. Strong changes in colorimetric and electrochemical properties were observed in the presence of inorganic anions. A unique anion-specific response was observed for fluoride, pyrophosphate, and acetate. DFT (B3LYP/6-31G*) calculations performed for both on/off states of a sensor-fluoride model are in good agreement with the observed electrochemical and spectroscopic data

Demokratie – systematisch-theologische Aspekte ihrer Genese

ZusammenfassungDie politische Demokratie etablierte sich in Europa erst relativ spät. Ihre Genese zeigt, welche Faktoren ihr Entstehen förderten und welche es blockierten. Freiheit, Gleichheit und Partizipation, die Basiswerte der Demokratie, finden sich theologisch schon im Idealbild der frühen christlichen Gemeinde bei Paulus. Auf drei blockierende Faktoren wird näher eingegangen: auf die ständische Überformung der Subjektstellung, den politischen Wahrheitsanspruch der Herrschaft und die defizienten Partizipationschancen der Menschen. An ihrer Überwindung waren vor allem Christentum und Aufklärung beteiligt. Die Genese macht deutlich, dass eine funktionsfähige politische Demokratie nur gelingen kann, wenn bestimmte soziale Voraussetzungen hinreichend gegeben sind.AbstractPolitical democracy established itself in Europe comparatively late. Its origins show which factors were conducive to and which factors impeded its development. The foundational values of democracy – freedom, equality, and participation – can already be found in Paul’s early Christian community. Three of the impeding factors are inspected more closely: the corporative transformation of the subject status, the political truth claim of authority , and the insufficient opportunities for popular participation. The major agents in overcoming these impediments were Christianity and the Enlightenment. The history of its genesis emphasises that political democracy can only succeed if particular social requirements are adequately met

Probleme der Thomas-Rezeption im aktuellen Kontext praktischer Philososphie

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Bildungsbegriff und Bildungspolitik

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Konsenustheoretische Aspekte der Differenz von Moralität und Sittlichkeit

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