Routing And Communication Path Mapping In VANETS

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) has quickly become an important aspect of the intelligent transport system (ITS), which is a combination of information technology, and transport works to improve efficiency and safety through data gathering and dissemination. However, transmitting data over an ad-hoc network comes with several issues such as broadcast storms, hidden terminal problems and unreliability; these greatly reduce the efficiency of the network and hence the purpose for which it was developed. We therefore propose a system of utilising information gathered externally from the node or through the various layers of the network into the access layer of the ETSI communication stack for routing to improve the overall efficiency of data delivery, reduce hidden terminals and increase reliability. We divide route into segments and design a set of metric system to select a controlling node as well as procedure for data transfer. Furthermore we propose a system for faster data delivery based on priority of data and density of nodes from route information while developing a map to show the communication situation of an area. These metrics and algorithms will be simulated in further research using the NS-3 environment to demonstrate the effectiveness

A holistic framework to improve message delivery in vehicular ad-hoc networks

Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANETs) are wireless communication networks for vehicles that do not require any fixed or central infrastructure. It forms an important part of the intelligent transport system (ITS) which is the convergence of telecommunications, computing and wireless systems with the aim of improving transportation regarding efficiency, safety and management. In addition to the uses of ITS, VANETs will contribute in service access, cooperative driving, entertainment and navigation for cars of the future. Due to the varied use of VANETs, it becomes slightly cumbersome having a "one-fits-all" solution to challenges facing message dissemination in VANETs. While some applications might require a fast and reliable way of disseminating messages amongst members of the network, other applications might be more delay-tolerant without adding extra risks to the dependents of such application. Data dissemination methods are therefore important aspects of VANET that ensure messages are delivered to areas beyond the scope of the originating node. However, several types of research have shown that message propagation for each geographical route is unique to that route, owing to the number of network participants, their speed, and distribution of objects on that route. Many research designs do not consider the vehicles and their traffic characteristics and as such vehicular ad-hoc networks are under-utilised. One of the problems present in the emerging field of vehicular communications is that of optimally disseminating messages within the network to support services such as collision warnings, traffic management, and driverless vehicles amongst others. This problem is a unique research area which involves the entire network and its ability to support the efficient propagation of data. Message dissemination in VANETs could be viewed as routing on much higher macroscopic level, however, the techniques usually applied to data routing on a microscopic level does not utilise available data to efficiently disseminate messages within a vehicular ad-hoc network. Some work done in literature addresses a few constraints at a time; for example a focus on junctions, thereby ignoring vast areas of the wireless network which could have been otherwise used to improve the overall ability to efficiently deliver messages within the road network. For this reason, this thesis investigates the effects of several vehicular factors, how these factors affect the quality of the wireless network on each road, and how this knowledge is advantageous in improving the delivery of messages from a source to its destination within a vehicular ad-hoc network. In proposing a solution that uses otherwise largely ignored road traffic data to improving efficient message delivery, a holistic framework that utilises road traffic information in a unique way is presented. The quality of a wireless network for each road in terms of packets delivered is seen to be influenced by the number of vehicles and their speed which is seen to be unique for each road segment; therefore, allowing the generation of a wireless packet delivery map offline (wireless network map) based on varying number of vehicles and speeds. Current road traffic data can then be compared against the wireless map in order to determine which routes have good network quality and hence the ability to support better message dissemination. This framework is also aimed at helping to fully utilise the VANET bandwidth available by reducing network noise caused by multiple retransmissions of nodes in the network by picking the right path and using only the furthest node on each path. It aims to reduce messages delivery failure, reduce delays in the message delivery where possible and improve the utilisation of vehicles as communication nodes and relays. The Framework for Improving Message Delivery in VANETs (FIMDEV) proposed in this thesis shows the benefit of using the wireless communication database information processed by each vehicle to support message delivery from source to destination within the VANET. Experiments show improved overall packet delivery ratio when compared to standalone routing protocols as FIMDEV uses the wireless network database along with a set of rules for propagating messages within the network

The application of statistical methods in the development of Cyrillic-Latin converter for Tatar language

The article describes the process of a software product development that allows you to convert a text written in Tatar to Latin using Cyrillic graphics. The aspects of Cyrillicgraphics to Latin graphics conversion are considered for Tatar language. The authors study the application of various statistical methods necessary for converter operation and analyzethe speed and the accuracy of the conversion algorithms. An algorithm was created and software modules were developed that made it possible to convert messages written in Tatar Cyrillic alphabet to Tatar Latin alphabet. Based on normative documents and scientific works on the use of Latin graphics in Tatar language, a verbal and an algorithmic model of conversion was constructed. In the process of development, it turned out that the process of a Tatar word conversion depends on its origin. If native Tatar words are converted according to the phonetic principle (кәлам - qäläm), the borrowed words are converted according to the rules of transliteration. The main problem of the study is the problem of a word origin determination. In order to solve this problem, the authors propose various algorithms. Software tools based on the statistical processing of linguistic data are considered and developed in the work: combined bigram analysis, naive Bayesian classification and a direct search. Each of these algorithms is used to determine the etymology of a word, on which depends the application of certain rules of conversion from Cyrillic to Latin. The result of the research is a developed software product that is capable to carry out the process of Cyrillic graphics conversion to Latin for Tatar. In the future, the authors plan to improve the software product and use it in educational activities

Digitalization trends in education and blended learning

© 2020 Lifescience Global. All rights reserved. The article under review actualizes the problem of using digital computer technologies in the process of blended learning. The notion of blended learning is determined and specified according to various sources. Various models and ways of organizing this kind of work as an alternative to the standard form of learning are presented. The article presents a positive experience of using blended learning technology. Much attention is paid to visualization as one of the teaching tools to create educational materials for blended learning. The synthesis of verbal materials (especially spoken) and visual elements (pictures, graphic notes, animations, films, plots, and diagrams, etc.) within the limits of one text is an instrument to optimize the process of semantic perception and understanding text information. All the benefits of this modern technology allow students to establish a holistic adoption of this model and a positive direction for the development of blended learning as an innovative teaching technology

Digitalisation trends and blended learning visualisation in modern digital education

© BEIESP. The article under review actualizes the problem of using digital computer technologies in the process of blended learning. The notion of «blended learning» is determined and specified according various sources. Various models and ways of organizing this kind of work as an alternative to the standard form of learning are presented. The article presents the positive experience of using blended learning technology. Attention is paid to visualization as one of teaching tool to create educational materials for blended learning. Synthesis of verbal (especially word) and visual elements (pictures, graphic notes, animations, films, plots and diagrams, etc.) within the limits of one text’s space is an instrument of optimization of the process of semantic perception and understanding text information. All benefits of this modern technology allows to establish a holistic adoption of this model by students and the positive direction for the development of blended learning as an innovative teaching technology

Digitalisation trends and blended learning visualisation in modern digital education

© BEIESP. The article under review actualizes the problem of using digital computer technologies in the process of blended learning. The notion of «blended learning» is determined and specified according various sources. Various models and ways of organizing this kind of work as an alternative to the standard form of learning are presented. The article presents the positive experience of using blended learning technology. Attention is paid to visualization as one of teaching tool to create educational materials for blended learning. Synthesis of verbal (especially word) and visual elements (pictures, graphic notes, animations, films, plots and diagrams, etc.) within the limits of one text’s space is an instrument of optimization of the process of semantic perception and understanding text information. All benefits of this modern technology allows to establish a holistic adoption of this model by students and the positive direction for the development of blended learning as an innovative teaching technology