Plan a dashboard for energy measuring, improve overview of energy consumption, and increase energy recovery​

This thesis is written on behalf of a manufacturing company, focusing on energy consumption, recovery, and management. ​ The energy sector continuously changes through carbon emission targets and laws demanding action from companies in the transition to renewable energy resources. Therefore, companies target more innovative manufacturing solutions by measuring, controlling, and visualising energy consumption. Furthermore, the unstable and fluctuating energy situation, rising energy costs, and customers demanding sustainably produced products have enhanced the interest in energy questions at the company. Accordingly, the desire is to improve the overview of energy consumption, improve energy efficiency, and enable energy recovery through storage. Currently, energy measurements are limited to monthly reports based on historical data. This thesis attempts to overcome this by presenting a system providing all stakeholders access to real-time operational data. The energy management system with a dashboard visualising energy consumption and performance indicators could be used to plan production cycles, adjust product prices, and perform predictive maintenance more accurately. The method used in this thesis is qualitative research through interviews with stakeholders at the company. Based on the interview results, a dashboard design is developed through three different layouts, customised for all stakeholder groups. In addition, the proposed energy management system enables visualising collected real-time data in dashboards. The theoretical framework in this thesis is a literature review of scientific research in energy management, dashboard design, energy recovery, and storage. Previous research in energy management presents several implemented technologies improving efficiency, reliability, and stability in the energy supply. The thesis result includes an interview analysis, an energy management system, a dashboard design, and an energy storage system. The interview gives comprehensive knowledge to identify significant performance measures, experience, and interest from stakeholders in the field. The resulting energy management system is an IoT system with collecting assets, an edge platform, a database, and dashboard visualisation. The proposed energy storage system uses thermal energy storage technology with sand as a storage medium. This solution could be driven by renewable energy resources as primary energy resources and implemented to store recovered energy as secondary energy resources improving energy efficiency. In conclusion, this thesis proves that an energy management system with a dashboard visualising collected energy data could be implemented. Furthermore, this thesis concludes that involved stakeholders effectively provide knowledge and experience in the development process of customised dashboard designs

Facile deoxygenation of hydroxylated flavonoids by palladium-catalysed reduction of its triflate derivatives

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Assessment of exhaled carbon monoxide in exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction Exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO) has been widely implicated as a pulmonary biomarker in respiratory diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the treatment of patients with severe acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) could be aided by monitoring the changes in eCO. Methods The levels of eCO along with routine clinical parameters were analyzed in 29 current smoker and 33 ex-smoker COPD patients, first at the time of hospital admission, and again at discharge following the standard treatment. Patients with AECOPD were also stratified according to sputum bacteria. Results At exacerbation, the levels of eCO were increased in current smokers compared to ex-smokers (6.0 [2.0–9.5] versus 1.0 [1.0–2.0] ppm, p  Conclusion Our results suggest that monitoring eCO during the treatment of AECOPD is of limited clinical value

A bronchiolitis obliterans szindróma pathomechanizmusa = Pathomechanism of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome

Tüdőtranszplantált betegek légúti infekciója során a kilégzett nitrogén monoxid (NO) szint megemelkedik. A teszt specificitása magas, szenzitivitása alacsony. A bronchiolitis obliterans szindrómában (BOS) szenvedő transzplantált betegekben az NO szint emelkedik, de csak előrehaladott stádiumban. A kilégzett szén-monoxid (CO) szintek és a transzplantáltakban előforduló pulmonális szövődmények (rejekció, infekció, BOS) között összefüggést nem találtunk. Protein microarray technikát használva a BOS-ban szenvedő betegek kondenzátumának citokin mintázata eltér a BOS-mentes betegekéhez viszonyítva. Stabil tüdőtranszplantált betegek kilégzett levegő kondenzátumának pH-ja és ennek variabilitása megegyezik az egészséges nem-transzplantált emberekével. A renin-angiotenzin rendszer (RAS) gátlása ACE-inhibitorokkal és az endothelin rendszer gátlása receptor antagonistákkal hasonló mértékben csökkentik az obliteratív légúti betegség kialakulását az experimentalis BO-ban patkányokban. A két farmakon együttes adása során az obliteratív folyamat még jobban visszaszorul. A kedvező hatásokat a transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 és platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A és -B növekedési faktorok alacsonyabb mRNS expressziója kíséri. A donor és a recipiens neme vagy az ischaemiás idő nem befolyásolta az obliteratív légúti betegség kialakulását ebben az állatmodellben. | Pulmonary infections increase exhaled nitric oxide (NO) in lung transplant recipients. The test has high specificity and low sensitivity. With regard to bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), we demonstrated increased NO levels; however, only in the advanced status. Exhaled carbon-monoxide (CO) levels were not associated with pulmonary complications (infection, rejection and BOS) in lung transplant recipients. Using the protein microarray method BOS patients have distinct exhaled breath condensate (EBC) cytokine pattern compared to BOS-free recipients. EBC pH and its variability are similar in stable lung transplant recipients compared to healthy non-transplant subjects. Inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors prevents the development of experimental BO to a similar extent as the blockade of endothelin system with receptor antagonists in rats. Interruption of both pathways provides superior graft protection. Beneficial effects of these drugs are associated with decreased intragraft transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-A and -B mRNA expressions. Donor or recipient gender and the ischemic time did not influence the development of obliterate airways disease in this animal model

Új antioxidáns hatású molekulák szintézise és hatásmechanizmusuk vizsgálata = Synthesis of novel antioxidants and investigation of mechanism of action

A lilavirágú Máriatövisban található silybin és szintetikus származékainak antioxidáns hatását vizsgáltuk különböző rendszerekben (neutrofilek forbol-észter stimulálta szuperoxid anion termelés, xantin oxidáz aktivitás, gyökfogó képesség), azzal a céllal, hogy meghatározzuk mely szerkezeti elemek szükségesek az antioxidáns hatás kifejtéséhez. Megállapítottuk, hogy a silybin flavanon származékai hasonló aktivitással rendelkeztek, míg a flavon származékok, melyek C2-C3 helyzetben kettőskötést tartalmaztak, hatásosabb antioxidánsok, mint a silybin. Igazoltuk, hogy a silybinhez D gyűrűben csatlakozó 1,4-benzodioxán rész hozzájárul az antioxidáns hatáshoz, és az izolált 1,4-benzodioxán rész és származékai önmagukban is hatásos antioxidánsok a vizsgált rendszerekben. Igazoltuk, hogy a neutrofilek szuperoxid anion termelésének gátlásában a protein kináz C aktivitásának gátlása a meghatározó lépés, a gátláshoz szabad hidroxil csoportok jelenléte nem szükséges. A xantin oxidáz aktivitásának gátlásához azonban a C5-C7 dihidroxil csoportok jelenléte esszenciális fontosságúnak bizonyult, és a C2-C3 helyzetű kettőskötés beépítése -amely a molekula planáris szerkezetét biztosította- több nagyságrenddel megnövelte a molekula hatását, így a jelenleg terápiás célra alkalmazott allopurinolnál, hatásosabb molekulák szintézisét sikerült megvalósítanunk. Eredményeink alapján az oxidatív stressz kivédésére, az oxidatív stress forrásától, típusától függően, hatásos antioxidánsok szintetizálhatók. | Antioxidant activity of silybin and its derivatives was studied in different system such as phorbol-ester stimulated superoxid anion production in neutrophils, xanthine oxidase activity, and radical scavenging ability, in order to determine structural-dependence of antioxidant activity. We found that flavanon-derivatives of silybin possessed similar activity, while flavones -containing a double bound in C2-C3 position- proved to be more efficient as silybin in all studied system. We demonstrated that conjugation of 1,4-benzodioxane moiety at ring D in flavanolignans contribute to its antioxidant activity, and the isolated 1,4-benzodioxane moiety and its structural analogues possessed very high antioxidant potency. It was also demonstrated that inhibition of superoxide anion production in neutrophils was due to the inhibition of protein kinase C activity, and that inhibition of this enzyme did not require presence of any hydoxyl groups. In contrast, structural dependence to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity involves the presence of free hydroxyl groups at C5-C7 position, and a double bound in ring C -ensuring a planar structure- enhanced the inhibitory action. These flavone-derivatives were more effective in inhibition of xanthine oxidase as allopurinol, the only drug used in treatment of hyperuricemia-related states. On the basis of these results guided synthesis of antioxidants with different structure, depending on the source and type of oxidative stress might be possible