1,337 research outputs found
Teacher studentsâ narratives about their language identities and future as language-aware teachers
Abstract. This study examined teacher studentsâ narratives about their language identities and future as language-aware teachers. The importance of the topic arises both from the current educational discussion around the topic, and the lack of research examining the connection between language identity and language awareness.
In the theoretical framework, identity was explored through its flexible and multidimensional nature, as well as its connection to language and language learning. The complexity of multilingual identity and the importance of supporting multilingual identity in a classroom setting were discussed. Language awareness was studied from the societal perspective, and linguistic and critical approaches to the concept were introduced. The linguistic approach was found to comprise metalinguistic and cross-linguistic awareness, while the critical approach emphasized appreciation of multilingualism in the society. Language-aware practices connected to these approaches were examined.
A narrative approach was used to conduct the study. Three narratives were collected in the form of theme interviews and the data was analyzed through thematic narrative analysis. The themes found from the data were divided under three main categories: personal themes, social themes, and themes related to the participantsâ future role as language-aware teachers.
The study revealed that language identity was a sensitive issue for the participants and that they saw language awareness essential in supporting studentsâ language identities. The study emphasized that by supporting studentsâ language identities and through language-aware practices, equality, learning and the holistic development of students are enhanced.TiivistelmĂ€. Tutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tarkastella opettajaopiskelijoiden kertomuksia heidaÌn kieli-identiteeteistaÌaÌn sekaÌ tulevaisuudestaan kielitietoisina opettajina. Aiheen taÌrkeys nousee esiin ajankohtaisesta kasvatustieteellisestaÌ keskustelusta aiheen ympaÌrillaÌ, sekaÌ vaÌhaÌisestaÌ tutkimuksesta kieli-identiteetin ja kielitietoisuuden yhteydestaÌ.
Teoreettisessa viitekehyksessaÌ tutkittiin identiteetin joustavaa ja moniulotteista luonnetta, sekaÌ sen yhteyttaÌ kieleen ja kielen oppimiseen. LisaÌksi tarkasteltiin monikielisen identiteetin kompleksisuutta ja sen tukemisen taÌrkeyttaÌ koulukontekstissa. Kielitietoisuutta tutkittiin yhteiskunnallisesta sekaÌ kielellisestaÌ ja kriittisestaÌ naÌkoÌkulmasta. Kielellisen naÌkoÌkulman todettiin viittaavan metakielelliseen tietoisuuteen sekaÌ tietoisuuteen kielten vaÌlisistaÌ suhteista. Kriittisen naÌkoÌkulman naÌhtiin painottavan monikielisyyden arvostamista yhteiskunnassa. LisaÌksi tutkimuksessa tarkasteltiin kielitietoisiin kaÌytaÌnteisiin liittyviaÌ naÌkoÌkulmia.
Tutkimus toteutettiin soveltamalla narratiivista laÌhestymistapaa. Aineisto koostui kolmesta narratiivisesta teemahaastattelusta, ja sen analyysissaÌ sovellettiin temaattisen narratiivisen analyysin periaatteita. Aineistosta loÌytyneet teemat jaettiin kolmen paÌaÌkategorian alle: yksiloÌllisiin teemoihin, sosiaalisiin teemoihin sekaÌ teemoihin liittyen osallistujien tulevaisuuteen kielitietoisina opettajina.
Tutkimus osoitti, ettaÌ kieli-identiteetti oli sensitiivinen aihe osallistujille, ja he naÌkivaÌt kielitietoisuuden vaÌlttaÌmaÌttoÌmaÌnaÌ osana oppilaiden kieli-identiteetin tukemista. Tutkimus painottaa oppilaiden kieli-identiteetin tukemisen taÌrkeyttaÌ sekaÌ kielitietoisten kaÌytaÌnteiden merkitystaÌ oppilaiden oppimisen ja kokonaisvaltaisen kehityksen sekaÌ tasa-arvon edistaÌmisessaÌ
Tilauksesta suunnitteluun ohjautuvan tilaus-toimitusketjun analyysi
TiivistelmÀ. TÀmÀn tutkimuksen tavoitteena on perehtyÀ Conlog Oy:n erÀÀn projektituotteen tilaustoimitusketjun nykytilaan. KÀytÀnnössÀ kaikki yrityksen tuotteista ovat rÀÀtÀlöitÀviÀ, mutta projektien vaativuusaste riippuu usein tuotteiden sisÀltÀmÀn tekniikan mÀÀrÀstÀ ja laadusta. TÀstÀ syystÀ tutkimuksen kohteeksi haluttiin valita asiakkaan lÀhtökohdista rÀÀtÀlöitÀvÀ tuote, joka sisÀltÀÀ verrattain paljon tekniikkaa. Voidaankin puhua tilauksesta suunnitteluun ohjautuvasta tuotantostrategiasta. TÀmÀ asettaa etenkin yrityksen projektinjohdon, suunnittelun, hankinnan ja niiden prosessien vaatimustason korkealle. Nykytilan analyysin perusteella pyritÀÀn tuomaan esille toimitusketjun kannalta oleellisia, mahdollisen jatkokehittÀmisen arvoisia kohtia. Koska tilaus-toimitusketjut liittyvÀt mitÀ suurimmilta osin prosesseihin, syvennytÀÀn prosesseihin ensin kirjallisuuskatsauksessa ja myöhemmin varsinaisessa nykytilan kuvaamisessa. Tilaustoimitusketjuilla voidaan yleisesti ottaen katsoa olevan sekÀ yrityksen sisÀinen, ettÀ ulkoinen ulottuvuus. Tutkimuksessa suoritetaankin katsaus yrityksen sisÀisiin tilaustoimitusketjun prosesseihin, josta siirrytÀÀn tarkastelemaan ketjua laajemmasta perspektiivistÀ.
TĂ€mĂ€ työ on tapaustutkimus, jossa pÀÀasiallisena tiedonkeruumenetelmĂ€nĂ€ on hyödynnetty yrityksen avainhenkilöiden haastatteluita laadullisen tutkimuksen menetelmin. Muita tietolĂ€hteitĂ€ ovat olleet esimerkiksi yrityksen tietojĂ€rjestelmĂ€t ja arkistot sekĂ€ työntekijöiden henkilökohtaiset kirjanpidot ja sĂ€hköpostikeskustelut. Tutkimuksen peruslĂ€htökohtana tunnistettiin yrityksen tuotantostrategia (tilauksesta suunnitteluun, engineer-to-order) sekĂ€ tilaus-toimitusprosessi aliprosesseineen. Yrityksen aiemmissa prosessikuvauksissa ei tilaus-toimitusprosessia ole tunnistettu sellaisenaan. Prosesseista pyrittiin luomaan todenmukaiset kuvaukset, jotta prosesseissa mahdollisesti ilmenevĂ€ tarpeeton monimutkaisuus saataisiin tuotua esille jatkokehittĂ€misen pohjaksi. Tutkittavan tilaus-toimitusketjun suurimmat haasteet vaikuttavat liittyvĂ€n informaation virtaukseen ketjun osapuolten ja prosessien vĂ€lillĂ€ ja ketjun toiminnan kehittĂ€miseen liittyviĂ€ ehdotuksia esitetÀÀn työn lopussa. Vaikka ehdotukset perustuvat nyt tutkittavan toimitusketjun haasteisiin, ovat ne luonteeltaan sellaisia, ettĂ€ niitĂ€ on mahdollista toteuttaa laaja-alaisesti kohdeyrityksessĂ€.Analysis of an engineer-to-order supply chain. Abstract. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the current state of the order-supply chain of the selected project for the target company. Virtually all the companyâs products are customizable, but the degree of customization and therefore complexity of projects often depends on the amount and quality of the technology they contain. For this reason, the aim was to select a customer customized product that contains a relatively large amount of technology. Thus, the products can be said to be engineered-to-order. This sets high requirements for the companyâs project management, design, sourcing and the processes of those. The analysis of the current situation seeks to highlight relevant points in the supply chain that deserve further development.
As supply chains are largely process-related, the study will first delve into the processes in the literature review and later in the actual current state description. Supply chains can generally be considered to have both an internal and an external dimension. The starting point of the study was to look at the companyâs internal supply chain processes, from which it is natural to move into a wider perspective of the chain. This thesis is a case study where qualitative methods have been utilized. Interviews with key personnel have been the primary method of data collection while other sources of information have included company information systems and archives, as well as employee personal records and email conversations. The basic premise of this study was to identify the companyâs production strategy (engineer-to-order) and the order-delivery process with its sub-processes. In the companyâs previous process descriptions, the order-delivery process had not been identified as such. Process mapping and descriptions were aimed to be created to be as realistic as possible in order to highlight any unnecessary complexity of the processes as a basis for further development. According to the results of the study, the major challenges in the order-supply chain are related to the flow of information between the parties and processes in the chain and the related development proposals are presented at the end of the thesis. Although the proposals are based on the challenges of the selected supply chain, they are capable of being implemented on a wider perspective in the target company as well
Growth of sulphuric acid nanoparticles under wet and dry conditions
New particle formation, which greatly influences the number concentrations
and size distributions of an atmospheric aerosol, is often followed by a
rapid growth of freshly formed particles. The initial growth of newly
formed aerosol is the crucial process determining the fraction of nucleated
particles growing to cloud condensation nuclei sizes, which have a
significant influence on climate. In this study, we report the laboratory
observations of the growth of nanoparticles produced by nucleation of
H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and water in a laminar flow tube at temperatures of 283, 293
and 303 K, under dry (a relative humidity of 1%) and wet conditions
(relative humidity of 30%) and residence times of 30, 45, 60 and 90 s.
The initial H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration spans the range from 2 Ă 10<sup>8</sup>
to 1.4 Ă 10<sup>10</sup> molecule cm<sup>â3</sup> and the calculated
wall losses of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> were assumed to be diffusion limited. The
detected particle number concentrations, measured by the Ultrafine
Condensation Particle Counter (UCPC) and Differential Mobility Particle
Sizer (DMPS), were found to depend strongly on the residence time.
Hygroscopic particle growth, presented by growth factors, was found to be in
good agreement with the previously reported studies. The experimental growth
rates ranged from 20 nm h<sup>â1</sup> to 890 nm h<sup>â1</sup> at relative humidity (RH) 1% and from
7 nm h<sup>â1</sup> to 980 nm h<sup>â1</sup> at RH 30% and were found to increase
significantly with the increasing concentration of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>.
Increases in the nucleation temperature had a slight enhancing effect on the
growth rates under dry conditions. The influence of relative humidity on
growth was not consistent â at lower H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentrations, the
growth rates were higher under dry conditions while at H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>
concentrations greater than 1 Ă 10<sup>10</sup> molecule cm<sup>â3</sup>, the
growth rates were higher under wet conditions. The growth rates show only a
weak dependence on the residence time. The experimental observations were
compared with predictions made using a numerical model, which investigates
the growth of particles with three different extents of neutralization by
ammonia, NH<sub>3</sub>: (1) pure H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> â H<sub>2</sub>O particles; (2)
particles formed by ammonium bisulphate, (NH<sub>4</sub>)HSO<sub>4</sub>; (3) particles
formed by ammonium sulphate, (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. The highest growth
rates were found for ammonium sulphate particles. Since the model accounting
for the initial H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> concentration predicted the experimental
growth rates correctly, our results suggest that the commonly presumed
diffusional wall losses of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> in case of long-lasting
experiments are not so significant. We therefore assume that there are not
only losses of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> on the wall, but also a flux of
H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> molecules from the wall into the flow tube, the effect being
more profound under dry conditions and at higher temperatures of the tube
wall. Based on a comparison with the atmospheric observations, our results
indicate that sulphuric acid alone cannot explain the growth rates of
particles formed in the atmosphere
Internet as a source of medicines information (MI) among frequent internet users
Background: The internet is widely and increasingly used to search for health information. Previous studies have focused mainly on health information on the internet and not specifically on medicines information (MI). Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the internet as a source of MI compared to other sources of MI; to identify those who use the internet as a source of MI; and to describe patterns of use of the internet as a source of MI. Methods: A cross-sectional design employed a web-based questionnaire posted by patients' and other organizations as well as pharmacies on their websites during six weeks in the beginning of 2014. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess associations of background variables to the use of different MI sources. Results: The most frequently used MI sources among respondents (n = 2489) were package leaflets (90%), pharmacists (83%), physicians (72%), and the internet (68%). According to a multivariate analysis, internet use for MI was associated with female gender, age <65 years, higher education, daily use of the internet, and continuous use of vitamins or herbals. MI was most commonly searched from a Finnish health portal (56%) and websites of pharmacies (41%). Of the respondents, nearly half (43%) used search engines to find information from the internet. The names of the medicinal product, symptom or disease were the most commonly used search terms. Conclusions: Well-educated, young women tend to search MI on the internet. Health care professionals should discuss reliable MI websites and tools that can help patients evaluate the reliability of information.Peer reviewe
Remarks on the Central Limit Theorem for Non-Convex Bodies
In this note, we study possible extensions of the Central Limit Theorem for
non-convex bodies. First, we prove a Berry-Esseen type theorem for a certain
class of unconditional bodies that are not necessarily convex. Then, we
consider a widely-known class of non-convex bodies, the so-called p-convex
bodies, and construct a counter-example for this class
Gemtuzumab-Ozogamicin-Related Impaired Hemoglobin-Haptoglobin Scavenging as On-Target/Off-Tumor Toxicity of Anti-CD33 AML Therapy : A Report of Two Cases
Gemtuzumab-ozogamicin (GO) is a humanized anti-CD33 antibody, which is conjugated to a cytotoxic calicheamicin. It is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in combination with chemotherapy. We describe here two GO-treated acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases: both patients suffered from a toxic syndrome, which manifested as impaired hemoglobin-haptoglobin scavenging and accumulation of hemolysis-related products. Our observations and earlier reports indicated that the reaction was caused by GO-targeted destruction of CD33 + CD163+ monocytes/macrophages, which are responsible for the clearance of hemoglobin-haptoglobin complexes. The rise of plasma lactate dehydrogenase was an early sign of the reaction, and both patients had high levels of free plasma hemoglobin, but plasma haptoglobin and bilirubin levels were paradoxically normal. Symptoms included septic fever and abnormalities in cardiac tests and in the case of the first patient, severe neurological symptoms which required intensive care unit admittance. Therapeutic plasma exchanges supported the patients until the recovery of normal hematopoiesis. The symptoms may be easily confounded with infectious complications-related organ damage. Regarding the increasing use of gemtuzumab-ozogamicin and other emerging CD33-targeted cell therapies, we want to highlight this mostly unknown and probably underdiagnosed toxicity.Peer reviewe
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