RAD6-RAD18-RAD5-pathway-dependent tolerance to chronic low-dose ultraviolet light

In nature, organisms are exposed to chronic low- dose ultraviolet light ( CLUV) as opposed to the acute high doses common to laboratory experiments. Analysis of the cellular response to acute high-dose exposure has delineated the importance of direct DNA repair by the nucleotide excision repair pathway(1) and for checkpoint-induced cell cycle arrest in promoting cell survival(2). Here we examine the response of yeast cells to CLUV and identify a key role for the RAD6-RAD18-RAD5 error- free postreplication repair (RAD6 error-free PRR) pathway(3,4) in promoting cell growth and survival. We show that loss of the RAD6 error- free PRR pathway results in DNA-damage-checkpoint- induced G2 arrest in CLUV-exposed cells, whereas wild-type and nucleotide-excision-repair-deficient cells are largely unaffected. Cell cycle arrest in the absence of the RAD6 error- free PRR pathway was not caused by a repair defect or by the accumulation of ultraviolet-induced photoproducts. Notably, we observed increased replication protein A (RPA) and Rad52 - yellow fluorescent protein foci(5) in the CLUV- exposed rad18 Delta cells and demonstrated that Rad52- mediated homologous recombination is required for the viability of the rad18 Delta cells after release from CLUV- induced G2 arrest. These and other data presented suggest that, in response to environmental levels of ultraviolet exposure, the RAD6 error- free PRR pathway promotes replication of damaged templates without the generation of extensive single- stranded DNA regions. Thus, the error- free PRR pathway is specifically important during chronic low- dose ultraviolet exposure to prevent counter- productive DNA checkpoint activation and allow cells to proliferate normally

PALESTINIAN UNIVERSITIES IN THE WEST BANK AND GAZA STRIP *

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73777/1/j.1478-1913.1994.tb03596.x.pd

Patterns of sex ratio in the oil-sardine, Sardinella longiceps Val., at Calicut

Categorising the fish according to maturity, montti of capture and length groups, the data on the sex distribution of the Indian oil-sardine (5flrrfwW/fl/ong'/fepj) collected at Calicut during 1959-60 to 1965-66 seasons are subjected to statistical tests to find outthe nature and cause of dominance of either sex, if any. For the immature fish the overall inference is that there may not be any significant difierences in the annual recruited population. In the adult fish the possibility of more males in May is suggested as due to the fact that the males may start maturing a little earlier than the females. The dominance of males in 140-150 mm group and that of females in 170-190 mm groups is brought about by differential growth, the females growing faster during June to October period. It is recommended that the size of each sample for sex ratio studies should be at least 50. Based on the earlier and the present studies of this author, It is indicated that 375 million ova can be expected from a tonne of adult biomass of the oil-sardine population

Perancangan Promosi Hotel Varna Surabaya

Perancangan Komunikasi Visual ini bertujuan untuk memperkenalkan Hotel Varna sehingga dengan adanya promosi yang efektif dan efisien. maka diharapkan akan meningkatkan tingkat brand awareness Hotel Varna terhadap target marketnya. Untuk menjangkau target market maka promosi disampaikan melalui media cetak. Masa promosi yang direncanakan akan dilakukan selama 4 bulan mulai Bulan Maret hingga Juni 2015. Diharapkan dari masa promosi Hotel Varna Surabaya dapat memperoleh tanggapan yang positif dan tujuan promosi yang tercapai secara efektif dan efisien

Our pelagic fishery resources Present and potential harvest

The two primary divisions of the oceans are (1) the benthic and (2) the pelagic, the former referring to the ocean floor which supports the demersal resources and the latter, the entire column of water , accomodating the pelagic resources. The pelagic region is a part of the marine biocycle and geographically, it is divisible into Atlantic and Indo-Pacific. Ecologically, the pelagic realm can b e bifurcated as neritic (inshore) and oceanic (opens e a) provinces d epending on the depth to which light penetrates and to the extent and depth of the continental slop

A forecast for the ensuing oil-sardine fishery

The ability to foreca st the course of events likely to be encountered during the approaching fishery season enhances the value of fishery research in the eyes of those in the industry , As Simpson (1956) has put it, "Apart from the value to the industry of forecasting, predicting what is going to happen and checking it against the actual events is to the fishery biologist one form of the universal research tool of formulating a hypothesis and putting it to test

Design of experiments for non-manufacturing processes : benefits, challenges and some examples

Design of Experiments (DoE) is a powerful technique for process optimization that has been widely deployed in almost all types of manufacturing processes and is used extensively in product and process design and development. There have not been as many efforts to apply powerful quality improvement techniques such as DoE to improve non-manufacturing processes. Factor levels often involve changing the way people work and so have to be handled carefully. It is even more important to get everyone working as a team. This paper explores the benefits and challenges in the application of DoE in non-manufacturing contexts. The viewpoints regarding the benefits and challenges of DoE in the non-manufacturing arena are gathered from a number of leading academics and practitioners in the field. The paper also makes an attempt to demystify the fact that DoE is not just applicable to manufacturing industries; rather it is equally applicable to non-manufacturing processes within manufacturing companies. The last part of the paper illustrates some case examples showing the power of the technique in non-manufacturing environments

Deuterium Abundance in the Most Metal-Poor Damped Lyman alpha System: Converging on Omega_baryons

The most metal-poor DLA known to date, at z = 2.61843 in the spectrum of the QSO Q0913+072, with an oxygen abundance only about 1/250 of the solar value, shows six well resolved D I Lyman series transitions in high quality echelle spectra recently obtained with the ESO VLT. We deduce a value of the deuterium abundance log (D/H) = -4.56+/-0.04 which is in good agreement with four out of the six most reliable previous determinations of this ratio in QSO absorbers. We find plausible reasons why in the other two cases the 1 sigma errors may have been underestimated by about a factor of two. The addition of this latest data point does not change significantly the mean value of the primordial abundance of deuterium, suggesting that we are now converging to a reliable measure of this quantity. We conclude that = -4.55+/-0.03 and Omega_b h^2 (BBN) = 0.0213+/-0.0010 (68% confidence limits). Including the latter as a prior in the analysis of the five year data of WMAP leads to a revised best-fitting value of the power-law index of primordial fluctuations n_s = 0.956+/-0.013 (1 sigma) and n_s < 0.990 with 99% confidence. Considering together the constraints provided by WMAP 5, (D/H)_p, baryon oscillations in the galaxy distribution, and distances to Type Ia supernovae, we arrive at the current best estimates Omega_b h^2 = 0.0224+/-0.0005 and n_s = 0.959+/-0.013.Comment: 13 pages, 8 Figures. Revised version following referee's comments. Accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. A few typos correcte

Molecular beacons: nucleic acid hybridization and emerging applications

Molecular beacons (MBs) are a novel class of nucleic acid probes that become fluorescent when bound to a complementary sequence. Because of this characteristic, coupled with the sequence specificity of nucleic acid hybridization and the sensitivity of fluorescence techniques, MBs are very useful probes for a variety of applications requiring the detection of DNA or RNA. We survey various applications of MBs, including the monitoring of DNA triplex formation, and describe recent developments in MB design that enhance their sensitivity