Scenarios of the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization: entrepreneurial universities vs. high-tech universities

The article is aimed at identifying the scenarios of the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization through the opposition of entrepreneurial universities and high-tech universities. The authors conduct a system econometric analysis. The scenario analysis showed that the strategic prospects (optimistic, long-term scenario) of the innovative development of education to support the modernization of the Russian economy through the optimization of universities’ activities require the upgrading of equipment by 982.51% for increasing the research activities to 10269.44% (compared to the threshold), which will bring Russian universities to the 1st place in the QS ranking. In the medium-term period, the share of modern (less than 5 years old) equipment in Russian universities should tend to be 90%. As it is shown by a probable and promising scenario, this will improve the position of the Russian universities in the QS ranking by 6.17%. It is proved that only high-tech universities contribute to the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization. Therefore, the reduction of state funding of higher education and science makes no sense in Russia, as well as the development of entrepreneurial universities. Instead, the focus should be on the upgrading of university equipment. The originality of this paper lies in a new vision of the prospects for the development of the system of higher education in Russia in the Decade of Science and Technology (2022–2031). This new vision is as follows: for the innovative development of education in the context of the Russian economy’s modernization, it is necessary to refuse the diversification of universities and to achieve their unification, making a choice either in favor of entrepreneurial universities or in favor of high-tech universities

Approaches to Analysis of Interstate Cooperation

At the present day cultural diplomacy plays a rather important role in the development of international relations and world politics. This concept is receiving increasing attention from various countries, international and non-governmental organizations and other actors. This trend exists due to a number of reasons, such as the desire of states to create a positive image of their country, the expansion of international cooperation, changes in the global and domestic political situation, the protection of national interests, the prevention of conflicts between states, etc. Cultural diplomacy, beyond historical precedents, consists of a relatively new practice of a country’s foreign policy, which has traditionally focused on trade and security and defense issues. It is true that in European countries there are institutions of cultural foreign relations since the beginning of the century, but in the last decade the issues, related to the projection of the international image of countries, have become more important

Digital Technologies Development in the Educational Process of Ecology and Industrial Safety Department, Bauman Moscow State Technical University

The report gives current status overview of how the digital technologies integration evolves in the educational process as well as gives brief overview of the whole educational activities of Ecology and Industrial Safety department in Bauman Moscow State Technical University. The most attention is payed to the development and introduction of the online course Life safety in the educational process and done using Open BMSTU platform and the educational portal of the department е9.bmstu.ru. The contents and the structure of course are presented. The peculiarities of the work at online course are pointed out. The forms of online presentations, access for authorized teachers and students and control tests are considered. The procedure of the creation of video lectures and introductions to laboratory works is briefly depicted. Other components of the educational portal including online video library of the department, laboratory works online timetable, life safety course online introduction videos to the laboratory works are also presented

Structure analysis of the YBCO layer in Ag/YBCO/metal oxide buffer/Hastelloy composite tape before and after 107 MeV Kr17+ irradiation

The effects of 107 MeV Kr-84(17+) ion irradiation on YBa2Cu3O7-x-based second-generation coated conductors were investigated using a combination of transmission electron microscopy, diffraction and X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry. Defects 3-5 nm in diameter formed due to irradiation with relatively low fluences (similar to 2 x 10(10) and similar to 6 x 10(10) cm(-2)). Analysis of electron microscopy images and spectrometry data led to the conclusion that radiation defects are voids approximately 3 nm in diameter. Heavy ion irradiation results in the significant enhancement of YBCO/buffer oxides adhesion to the Hastelloy substrate, the reduction of stresses and the formation of a crack-free structure in the YBCO layer. The use of low-dose irradiation enables the critical current to be increased without lowering the transition temperature. (C) 2014 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Molecular modeling of immersion optical clearing of biological tissues

The interaction of six low-molecular tissue-clearing agents (1,2 and 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol) with the collagen mimetic peptide (GPH)3 was studied by applying the methods of classical molecular dynamics (GROMACS), molecular docking (AutoDock Vina) and quantum chemistry (PM6 and B3LYP). The spatial configurations of intermolecular complexes were determined and interaction energies calculated. The dependence of the volume occupied by the collagen peptide on the clearing agent concentration in an aqueous solution was calculated. This dependence is not linear, and has a maximum for almost all the agents in the study. The correlations between the optical clearing potential and intermolecular interactions parameters, such as the time of an agent being in a hydrogen-bonded state, and the relative probability of formation of double hydrogen bonds and interaction energies, were determined. Using the correlations determined, we predicted the numeric value of the optical clearing potential of dextrose molecules in rat skin, which correlates with experimental data. A molecular mechanism of tissue optical clearing within the post-diffusion stage is suggested

Molecular modeling of immersion optical clearing of biological tissues

The interaction of six low-molecular tissue-clearing agents (1,2 and 1,3-propanediol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, xylitol, sorbitol) with the collagen mimetic peptide (GPH)3 was studied by applying the methods of classical molecular dynamics (GROMACS), molecular docking (AutoDock Vina) and quantum chemistry (PM6 and B3LYP). The spatial configurations of intermolecular complexes were determined and interaction energies calculated. The dependence of the volume occupied by the collagen peptide on the clearing agent concentration in an aqueous solution was calculated. This dependence is not linear, and has a maximum for almost all the agents in the study. The correlations between the optical clearing potential and intermolecular interactions parameters, such as the time of an agent being in a hydrogen-bonded state, and the relative probability of formation of double hydrogen bonds and interaction energies, were determined. Using the correlations determined, we predicted the numeric value of the optical clearing potential of dextrose molecules in rat skin, which correlates with experimental data. A molecular mechanism of tissue optical clearing within the post-diffusion stage is suggested

Adipokine-cytokine profile of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue in ischemic heart disease complicated by visceral obesity

Introduction. To date, cardiovascular diseases (CVD) remain the main cause of disability and mortality in population. The majority of ectopic fat deposits demonstrated a reliable association with cardiometabolic risks and clinical manifestations of most CVD. The elucidation of the metabolic features of adipocytes of epicardial adipose tissue localized in the immediate vicinity of the lesion in ischemic heart disease (IHD) can have both theoretical and practical significance for pathophysiology and cardiology. Aim. To study the adipokine-cytokine profile of epicardial adipocytes (EA) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT), blood serum in relation to the area of visceral adipose tissue (AVAT), biochemical and rhelinic characteristics of IHD patients. Methods. 84 patients (70 men and 14 women) with IHD were examined. In the presence of visceral obesity (VO), patients were divided into two groups. In patients with VO, adipocyte EA and SCAT were sampled, followed by cultivation and evaluation of adipokine and proinflammatory activity. The parameters of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, adipokine and proinflammatory status in blood serum were determined. Results. It has been established that the adipokine-cytokine profile of the adipocytes EA and SCAT differ. Adipocytes of EA in IHD on the background of VO are characterized by an increase in IL-1, TNF-α, leptin-adiponectin ratio and a decrease in the protective factors: adiponectin and anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. While adipocytes of SCAT were characterized by a decrease in the concentration of the soluble receptor to leptin and a more pronounced leptin resistance, and the increase in inflammatory cytokines was compensated by an increase in the concentration of IL-10, the presence of VO was associated with multivessel coronary disease, multifocal atherosclerosis, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia, adipokine imbalance, and markers of inflammation. Thus, the value of the area of VO determined higher values of leptin concentration, TNF-α in adipocytes and serum, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and a lower soluble receptor for leptin content. The conclusion. Thus, in IHD with VO the state of adipocytes, EA is characterized as "metabolic inflammation" and may indicate the direct involvement of adipocytes in the pathogenesis of IHD due to the formation of adipokine imbalance and the activation of proinflammatory reactions

Composite Ferroelectric Membranes Based on Vinylidene Fluoride-Tetrafluoroethylene Copolymer and Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Wound Healing

Wound healing is a complex process and an ongoing challenge for modern medicine. Herein, we present the results of study of structure and properties of ferroelectric composite polymer membranes for wound healing. Membranes were fabricated by electrospinning from a solution of vinylidene fluoride/tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (VDF–TeFE) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in dimethylformamide (DMF). The effects of the PVP content on the viscosity and conductivity of the spinning solution, DMF concentration, chemical composition, crystal structure, and conformation of VDF–TeFE macromolecules in the fabricated materials were studied. It was found that as PVP amount increased, the viscosity and conductivity of the spinning solutions decreased, resulting in thinner fibers. Using FTIR and XRD methods, it was shown that if the PVP content was lower than 50 wt %, the VDF–TeFE copolymer adopted a flat zigzag conformation (TTT conformation) and crystalline phases with ferroelectric properties were formed. Gas chromatography results indicated that an increase in the PVP concentration led to a higher residual amount of DMF in the material, causing cytotoxic effects on 3T3L1 fibroblasts. In vivo studies demonstrated that compared to classical gauze dressings impregnated with a solution of an antibacterial agent, ferroelectric composite membranes with 15 wt % PVP provided better conditions for the healing of purulent wounds