Протинацистська діяльність СБ ОУН(Б) (1941–1944) (Anti-nazi activity of the SB OUN(B) (1941-1944))

The act of restoration of the Ukrainian state on June 30, 1941, in Lviv became the turning point in the relationship between «banderivtsi» and Germans. The Nazis reacted to it with the repression of the OUN members and putting a halt to the numerous institutions established by the OUN. Without any opportunity to openly oppose the enemy, the SB OUN had been extending its network, leading staff trainings and acquiring agent positions in the occupation administration. The SB employees achieved a particularly significant success in the last mentioned activity. In the autumn of 1942, the coercive actions of taking the «Reichskommissariat Ukraine» territory’s population for a forced labor in Germany began. The SB OUN tried to prevent it: they warned, provided documents and helped the Ukrainians to become the underground members. At the same time, the SB members had been releasing the OUN underground leaders arrested by the Germans from the prisons, as well as accumulating weapons. In the spring of 1943, the SB participated in the operation of helping the Ukrainian police in Volyn and Polissya to go underground. They ensured the secrecy of the preparational work. With the help of their agents they created an appropriate atmosphere in the police environment. They sought for the most suitable moment and put pressure on policemen who did not want to go underground. Immediately after that, the SB boivkas joined the armed struggle against the Germans. Their main tasks were to carry out sabotage on strategic enemy objects: they destructed the telephone and telegraph communication lines, bridges and railways. They ambushed the German cars and small military groups. The underground members executed some part of the captives right away, the other part they recruited to the insurgent detachments, and all the others were disarmed and released. The SB counter-intelligence focused on preventing the German agents from penetrating into their insurgent divisions. The detected spies were interrogated and executed. Sometimes those executions were exemplary cruel. Moreover, the SB detected and executed the German agents among officers of the occupation administration, clergy and members of the legal Ukrainian organizations. The military field gendarmerie (VPZh) investigated all cases of failures in battles with the Germans. The underground commanders who committed gross misconduct could have been accused of deliberate harm in favor of the Germans. To a large extent, the SB struggle against the Poles had an anti-German character, due to the fact, that the Poles replaced the Ukrainian police and carried out punitive operations against the the people who were the OUN supporters. On the General Government territory, the SB detected the Gestapo agents among the OUN leaders, tried to disrupt recruitment of the Ukrainians to the SS «Galicia» division, as well as to interrupt the departure of the population to Germany for the forced labor. In the autumn of 1943, the SB fight against the Germans spread even to the southern and eastern regions of Ukraine. At the end of 1943 – early 1944, the SB agents ventured to perform attacks on the German cells in the district centers. Their purpose was to seize material resources, weapons and ammunition. The negotiations with the German allies (Hungarians, Romanians, Lithuanians and others) were held on the neutrality and the exchange of weapons for products. Simultaneously, any contacts with the Germans were strictly forbidden, and violators of that prohibition were severely punished

Діяльність розвідувальної референтури УВО (1921–1929 рр.) (Activity of the UVO intelligence subdivision (1921–1929 рр.))

У статті з’ясовано, що структура розвідувальної референтури УВО складалася з трьох груп: військової, територіальної та закордонної. Військова мережа поділялася на корпусні «експозитури», дивізійні, полкові та батальйонні «розвідчі станиці». Територіальна – на обласні «експозитури», окружні та повітові «розвідувальні станиці». Закордонна – складалася з Розвідувальних бюро, які підпорядковувалися Центральному розвідчому бюро. (The article reviews a topical and poorly researched development stage of the special services of the Ukrainian liberation movement which is an activity of an intelligence subdivision of the Ukrainian Military Organization. Its origin and formation was based on the combat experience gained by the soldiers of the Ukrainian Galician Army. A former Sich Riflemen senior officer, Osyp Dumin, played an important role in its development. It was under his command that the intelligence subdivision acquired its full status. At the same time, Osyp Dumin’s role in the UVO development had also a different, negative influence. He had a pro-Soviet position and gathered his supporters. By relying on his followers, Osyp Dumin tried to eliminate Yevhen Konovalets from a position in the authority. Eventually, his manoeuvre caused a split in the UVO and formation of a WestUkrainian revolutionary organization that had its own intelligence network. In spite of its internal strifes, a network of the UVO intelligence subdivision had been constantly evolving. Gradually, it covered not only Galicia, Volyn and Polissya, but also spread its activities over the entire territory of the Second Polish Republic. The UVO intelligence network was divided into three groups, by the types of its structure and tasks, – military, territorial and foreign. All of them were headed by the Central intelligence bureau. According to data collected by the Polish Army units, the UVO military intelligence network was divided into field corps “ekspozytury” (units), divisional, regimental and battalion intelligence “stanytsi” (villages). The servicemen of the Ukrainian descent were considered to be the most reliable force The territorial network of the UVO intelligence subdivision was divided into regional “ekspozytury”, circuit and county intelligence “stanytsi”. The following positions were presumed to be structural parts of the regional “ekspozytury”: 1) a department chief, 2) a deputy (responsible for political intelligence), 3) “protokoliant” (a protocol agent who was engaged in a secret clerical work). The circuit and county intelligence “stanytsi” resembled the regional “ekspozytura” by its staff organization. The foreign departments of the UVO intelligence subdivision consisted of the Intelligence bureaus that were subordinated to the Central Intelligence bureau. The latter was composed of three sections: 1) organizational, 2) evidentsii (evidence) and statistics, 3) administrative. The most influential UVO cells were in Kaunas, Berlin, Königsberg, Danzig and Wrocław. Lithuania had a special position among the UVO allies, due to the fact, that the UVO established a close cooperation with the state. The UVO intelligence provided the Lithuanians with information on the Polish military plans, a state of their army armament, and various training. Lithuania returned favour with providing the UVO with funds donations, making the documents for the underground members and support in their literature publication. The UVO intelligence forces were strongly concentrated on the training of their employees. They organized short-term courses for the higher and lower underground staff. They performed an exchange between their chief positions for the underground members to gain new experiences. Despite Osyp Dumin’s actions aimed at the rupture and Yulian Golovinskyi hostile attitude towards development of the UVO intelligence subdivision, the UVO special services continued its existence. Subsequently, it became the basis for the OUN intelligence development

Протидія СБ ОУН(Б) "суцільній колективізації" Волині та Полісся (1947-1949 рр.)

У статті досліджуються дії Служби безпеки ОУН(б), спрямовані на зрив «суцільної колективізації» на території Волині та Полісся (This article investigates the Security Service of the OUN (b) are aimed at undermining the “total collectivization” in Volhynia and Polesie.

Збірний портрет керівника підпілля ОУН та УПА на території Волинської області (The precast portrait head underground OUN and UPA in Volyn)

У статті на основі архівних документів, опублікованих джерел та наукової літератури зроблено спробу моделювання збірного портрету керівника підпілля ОУН та УПА на території Волинської області (In this article on the basis of archival documents, published sources and scientific literature attempted modeling collective portrait head underground OUN and UPA in Volyn region

El uso de un simulador de procesos como estrategia didáctica en la Licenciatura en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de la Universidad de Lanús

Fil: Antoniuk y Vidal Laura Zulema. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Centro de Estudios Avanzados; Argentina.El presente trabajo de innovación educativa trata de analizar el impacto que produce sobre el grupo áulico el uso del simulador de procesos UniSim para el estudio de los distintos procesos relacionados con la industria de elaboración de alimentos. Se espera que actúe como un medio de construcción y comprensión de contenidos, promoviendo en los estudiantes una forma autónoma de aprendizaje. Para ello se intenta analizar si existen cambios en el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes y registrar sus percepciones acerca del uso del simulador. La metodología consistió en desarrollar un estudio mixto, con énfasis en lo cualitativo, aplicando técnicas de investigación como observación, cuestionarios y entrevistas a la unidad de análisis de la investigación que estuvo compuesta por treinta y seis estudiantes matriculados en la asignatura Industria y Tecnología de los Alimentos I de la Licenciatura en Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos de la Universidad de Lanús. La intervención didáctica arrojó resultados positivos en su implementación, favoreciendo a la formación de futuros profesionales y pudiendo determinar las oportunidades y debilidades del simulador, para las cuales se han establecido estrategias de mejora.Fil: Antoniuk y Vidal Laura Zulema. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales. Centro de Estudios Avanzados; Argentina

ДОЛІ СПІВРОБІТНИКІВ СЛУЖБИ БЕЗПЕКИ ОУН НА ТЕРЕНАХ РАДЯНСЬКОГО СОЮЗУ (1950–1980-ТІ РР.)

У статті на основі насамперед архівних матеріалів висвітлено становище та діяльність колишніх співробітників розформованої наприкінці 1951 р. Служби безпеки (далі — СБ) Організації українських націоналістів (далі — ОУН). Показано, що традиції останньої вони продовжили у виправно-трудових таборах. З’ясовано, що після масового звільнення з таборів оунівці об’єднувались у підпільні організації, частина яких створювала власні органи безпеки. Простежено їх подальший життєвий шлях. Ключові слова: ОУН, СБ, співробітник СБ, КДБ, український націоналіст, підпільна організація, публічний суд

Влияние микроклимата производственного помещения при сборке гироскопических приборов на их эксплуатационные характеристики

Проведено аналіз експлуатаційних характеристик гіроскопічних приладів та виконано експертний аналіз технологічних похибок, на які можуть впливати параметри мікроклімату виробничого приміщення під час процесу їх складання. Виконано математичний аналіз експлуатаційних параметрів гіроскопічних приладів та проведено їх розподіл за ранжиром по ступеню впливу на них технологічного середовища. Запропонована методика аналізу ризиків і критичних контрольних точок (HACCP) для визначення критичних контрольних точок технологічного процесу складання.The analysis of the performance of gyroscopic instruments and performed an expert analysis of technological errors, which may affect microclimate parameters of the production facilities during the process of their assembly. Done mathematical analysis of operational parameters of gyroscopic devices and conducted their distribution ranzhyrom on the degree of exposure to the technological environment. The proposed technique is Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) to identify critical control points of the process assembly.Проведен анализ эксплуатационных характеристик гироскопических приборов и выполнен экспертный анализ технологических погрешностей, на которые могут влиять параметры микроклимата производственного помещения во время процесса их составление. Выполнен математический анализ эксплуатационных параметров гироскопических приборов и проведено их распределение за ранжиром по степени влияния на них технологической среды. Предложенная методика анализа рисков и критических контрольных точек (НАССР) для определения критических контрольных точек технологического процесса составления

РОЗВИТОК МОЛОДІЖНОЇ ПОЛІТИКИ В СІЛЬСЬКИХ ГРОМАДАХ

Today, more than 11.2 million young people live in Ukraine, which is 27% of the country’s population. However, in search of work and a better life, a large number of young and qualified professionals often leave communities. That is why it is important that local communities, at the stage of unification, identify a system of incentives that would help stop the migration of young people from small settlements. Decentralization of power is already significantly changing our country, the transfer of new powers and financial resources to the field has increased the capacity of communities and they are becoming stronger and more successful. However, such development is not characterized by the stability of processes. As a result, some of the united territorial communities barely make ends meet, while others receive large incomes. And many communities have never decided to volunteer.According to the results of the analysis of the availability of suchdocuments on the websites of RTC of Rivne region, most territorialcommunities do not have approved development strategies, socio-economic development programs and youth development programs. Of the total number of OTGs in Rivne region, only 20% have development strategies and only 18% of strategies have strategic and operational goals related to youth policy.The implementation of an effective youth policy in the context ofdecentralization is possible only if the efforts of the executive authorities,local governments and youth representation are combined. According to the results of the analysis, there are only 4 youth centers (Bugaivska RTC, Krychylska RTC, Malynska RTC, Shpanivska RTC) and 12 registered public organizations in the rural communities of Rivne region. These data indicate a low level of development of youth infrastructure, which negatively affects the creation of a favorable environment in communities for informal development of young people, including leisure, communication, communication platforms, and youth exchange programs. To better understand the development of youth policy, we conducted a survey of young people aged 18 to 21 living in rural communities. The sample is formed by a random method of selection, so that the selection of respondents from the general population was carried out at random. This made it possible to adhere to the principle of equal opportunity to be included in the sample for all units of the general population. The sample size is 92 people.The development of an effective youth policy in the context of decentralization is possible only if the efforts of the executive, localgovernments and youth are combined and coordinated. However, according to the interviewed young people, the local authorities do not always take their opinion into account when making decisions related to the development of RTC. Of the total number of respondents, only 8% say that young people participate in the socio-economic development of the community.В статье исследовано развитие молодежной политики в сельских общинах Ровенской области. Проанализировано наличие стратегических документов на официальных сайтах сельских ОТО Ровенской области.Выявлено, что только 18% ОТО имеют программы развития молодежи. На основе опроса установлено, что во многих общинах отсутствуютмероприятия для развития молодежи и не учитывается мнениемолодежи в социально-экономическом развитии общины.У статті досліджено розвиток молодіжної політики у сільських громадах Рівненської області. Проаналізовано наявність стратегічних документів на офіційних сайтах сільських ОТГ Рівненської області.Виявлено, що тільки 18% ОТГ мають програми розвитку молоді. На основі опитування встановлено, що в багатьох громадах відсутні заходи для розвитку молоді та не враховується думка молоді у соціально-економічному розвитку громади