The sickle cell disease as a Public Health problem in Brazil

Sickle cell anemia is the most prevalent hereditary disease in Brazil. However, the Brazilian literature registers no investigations into the public health aspects of the disease. This present study investigates the way of life of 80 adult patients (49 women and 31 men) with a diagnosis of sicklecell anemia, at a blood center in Brazil. The late diagnosis of the disease was one of the most significant aspects observed in this group of patients. It was also observed that the dominant problem faced by adult patients with sickle cell anemia is of an economic nature, mainly due to lack of professional opportunities. However, patients can well undertake economic activities under adequate medical supervision, according to their own limitations and potentialities. The psychoterapeutic orientation was well accepted by patients regardless of sex. It is concluded that there exists need for the establishment of community programs for early diagnosis and medical, social and psychological orientation for sickle cell anemia patients in Brazil.Apesar de a anemia falciforme ser a doença hereditária de maior prevalência no Brasil, a literatura nacional carece de investigações a respeito dos seus aspectos de Saúde Pública. Investigou-se a realidade vivida por 80 pacientes adultos (49 mulheres e 31 homens) com diagnóstico de anemia falciforme, seguidos regularmente em centro hematológico. O diagnóstico tardio da doença foi um dos principais aspectos detectados na casuística examinada. Observou-se que a problemática maior do paciente adulto com a anemia falciforme esta centrada nos aspectos econômicos, sobretudo na falta de oportunidades profissionais, apesar de os mesmos poderem participar do mercado de trabalho, desde que estejam recebendo tratamento médico adequado e exerçam funções compatíveis com as suas limitações e potencialidades. A orientação psicoterapêutica teve uma grande aceitação pelos pacientes, sem diferença significativa entre os sexos. Concluiu-se haver necessidade da implantação de programas comunitários de diagnóstico precoce e de orientação médica, social e psicológica dos doentes com a anemia falciforme no Brasil, bem como de aconselhamento genético não diretivo dos casais de heterozigotos com o traço falciforme

Life-History and Behavior of the Diamondback Moth Plutella xylostella on Brassicaceae Cultivars over Multiple Generations

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is a cosmopolitan pest that causes leaf-area reduction in Brassicaceae plants. DBM populations have significant genetic variability that manifests in different feeding preferences and reproductive behaviors across generations. We evaluated the influence of Brassicaceae cultivars on biological and behavioral parameters across 18 generations of DBM populations that were separated and held on three varieties of Brassicaceae: Brassica oleracea var. acephala (kale), Brassica oleracea var. italica (broccoli), and Brassica oleracea var. capitata (cabbage). P, F6, F12, and F18 generations were evaluated, and biological aspects of young adulthood and fertility parameters of adults held on each host plant were examined over multiple generations. Additionally, larvae and adults were subjected to dual-choice and multiple-choice (feeding and oviposition) between cultivars, over generations. The results indicated that larvae of P. xylostella consumed greater quantities of kale and broccoli cultivars, on average (4.05 cm2), than cabbage (2.7 cm2). The number of eggs per female in F18 generation was 1.95 and 2.17 times higher than those in the parental (P) generation, when reared on kale and cabbage. The population reared exclusively on kale had higher net population growth rate (R0), intrinsic rate (rm), finite rate (λ) and generation time (T) than that reared on broccoli and cabbage. Last generations evaluated, the larval stage reared on cabbage showed feeding preference (F18) and oviposition preference (F12 and F18) for cabbage. Thus, we note the existence of learning, characterized as pre-imaginal conditioning to cabbage cultivars, over various DBM generations

Author Correction: Allele specific repair of splicing mutations in cystic fibrosis through AsCas12a genome editing

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper

Seleção de clones de umbu-cajazeira pelo procedimento REML/BLUP.

Este trabalho tem por objetivo estimar parâmetros genéticos e predizer valores genotípicos de frutos de seis clones de umbu-cajazeira da estação experimental de Ipanguaçu/RN por meio da metodologia Maximum Restricted Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction (REML/BLUP)

Physical activity and exercise for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment and dementia:A collaborative international guideline

Background: Physical activity and exercise have been suggested as effective interventions for the prevention and management of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, but there are no international guidelines. Objectives: To create a set of evidence- and expert consensus-based prevention and management recommendations regarding physical activity (any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in energy expenditure) and exercise (a subset of physical activity that is planned, structured, repetitive), applicable to a range of individuals from healthy older adults to those with MCI/dementia. Methods: Guideline content was developed with input from several scientific and lay representatives' societies. A systematic search across multidisciplinary databases was carried out until October 2021. Recommendations for prevention and management were developed according to the GRADE and complemented by consensus statements from the expert panels. Recommendations: Physical activity may be considered for the primary prevention of dementia. In people with MCI there is continued uncertainty about the role of physical activity in slowing the conversion to dementia. Mind-body interventions have the greatest supporting evidence. In people with moderate dementia, exercise may be used for maintaining disability and cognition. All these recommendations were based on a very low/low certainty of evidence. Conclusions: Although the scientific evidence on the beneficial role of physical activity and exercise in preserving cognitive functions in subjects with normal cognition, MCI or dementia is inconclusive, this panel, composed of scientific societies and other stakeholders, recommends their implementation based on their beneficial effects on almost all facets of health