Cardiovascular risk and physical activity practice in children and adolescents of Muzambinho/MG: influence of gender and age

INTRODUÇÃO E OBJETIVO: A doença cardiovascular inicia na infância e está atrelada à presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRC). A prevalência desses fatores varia em diferentes populações brasileiras, tendo sido estudada principalmente em cidades de médio e grande porte. Este estudo avaliou a prevalência dos FRC e da prática de atividade física (AF) em crianças e adolescentes de Muzambinho, uma cidade de pequeno porte. MÉTODO: Foram avaliados 205 sujeitos (entre sete e 18 anos - 108 do gênero masculino). Foram medidos: peso, estatura, glicemia, colesterolemia, pressão arterial (PA) e prática de AF. As comparações foram realizadas pelo teste do Qui-quadrado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de sobrepeso foi de 19% e de valores alterados de PA, glicemia e colesterolemia foram de, respectivamente, 11, 5 e 15%. Não houve diferença na prevalência dos FRC entre os sexos. O tabagismo, o alcoolismo, a PA alterada e a insuficiência de AF aumentaram com a idade. Setenta e nove por cento dos sujeitos praticavam AF de locomoção, 10% ocupacional, 97% nas aulas de educação física, 72% no recreio e 90% de lazer. Noventa e dois por cento foram considerados ativos. A prática de AF ocupacional foi maior nas meninas e aumentou nos meninos com a idade. A prevalência de AF de lazer e recreio diminuiu com a idade nos dois sexos. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de FRC, exceto do sedentarismo, foi expressiva, não diferiu entre os sexos e aumentou com a idade. A prática de AF de todos os tipos foi alta, diferenciou-se entre os sexos e diminuiu com a idade.INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Cardiovascular disease begins at infancy and it has been linked to the presence of cardiovascular risk factors (CRF). Prevalence of these factors varies a lot among different Brazilian populations and has been mostly studied in big and medium size cities. Thus, this study assessed the prevalence of CRF and physical activity (PA) in children and adolescents from Muzambinho, a small city in the state of Minas Gerais. METHODS: 205 subjects (7 to 18 years - 108 males) were studied. Body weight and height, glycemia, cholesterolemia, blood pressure (BP), and PA were measured. Comparisons were made by Qui-square test. RESULTS: Obesity and altered values of BP, glycemia, and cholesterolemia were found, respectively, in 19, 11, 5 and 15% of the subjects. There was no difference between genders, while the prevalence of smokers, drinkers, altered BP, and inactivity increased with age. Seventy-nine percent of the subjects practiced community PA; 10% occupational PA; 97% physical education classes; 72% PA during school recess; and 90% leisure time PA. Ninety-two percent of them were active. Occupational PA was higher in girls, and increased with age in boys. Leisure time and during school recess PA decreased with age in both genders. CONCLUSION: Except for physical inactivity, prevalence of CRF was high, did not differ between genders, and increased with age. High levels of all kinds of PA were found; they differed between genders, and decreased with age.CNPqUSP - Pró-Reitoria de Graduaçã

The Third Workshop on Population of the RDBES Data Model (WKRDB-POP3)

The aims of this workshop were to explain the data model developed for the commercial fisheries Regional Database and Estimation System (RDBES), assist in populating it with real data for the second test data call for the RDBES, and encourage participants to take part in ongoing testing of the RDBES data submission system. This report documents the progress that participants have done to prepare their institutes for future use of the RDBES system. Some issues with data conversion have been identified and are documented in this report. None of the identified issues are thought to be serious impediments to moving forward with the RDBES development according to the roadmap decided by the Steering Committee of the Regional Fisheries Database in 2020. The RDBES Core Group (the group of people developing the RDBES data model) and ICES Data Centre will look at the results of this workshop and either respond to individual questions or adapt the data model and documentation as required. The workshop concluded and reported before the deadline of the test data call. For a complete test of the data model, all participants were encouraged to complete the data call. A report on the degree of completion of the data call may be expected from WGRDBESGOV which convenes after the data call deadline

Physical activity among women of low socioeconomic status living with HIV in two major cities of Brazil and Mozambique: A cross-sectional comparative study

OBJECTIVES: Physical activity (PA) may reduce cardiovascular risk and preserve functional capacity of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). However, only limited research objectively measured PA in patients with low socioeconomic status (SES) in low-income countries, particularly in South America and subSaharan Africa. This study compared the PA assessed by accelerometers in women of low SES living with HIV under common antiretroviral therapy (cART) from two major cities in Brazil (Rio de Janeiro, n=33; 40.1±6.1 years) and Mozambique (Maputo, n=50; 38.8±8.7 years). METHODS: Eligible women wore triaxial accelerometers during seven consecutive days, to estimate their habitual PA and daily energy expenditure. RESULTS: The proportion of participants with overweight/obesity was greater in Rio than Maputo (57% vs. 30%; p=0.021), as well as those classified as sedentary based on steps/day (45% vs. 22%; p=0.02). Sedentary time was prevalent (Median±IQD: Rio-1236±142 vs. Maputo-1192±135 min/day; p=0.15). Time spent in PA was short, but Brazilians exhibited lower amount of light (111±56 vs. 145±51 min/day; po0.001) and moderate-tovigorous PA (88±3 vs. 64±36 min/day; p=0.001) vs. Mozambicans. The proportion of patients performing 60 min/day of moderate-to-vigorous PA were 58% (Rio) and 82% (Maputo), respectively. Despite of this, estimated daily energy expenditure was equivalent in both groups (1976±579 vs. 1933±492 kcal; p=0.731). CONCLUSIONS: Women with low SES living with HIV in Maputo were more active vs. patients from Rio de Janeiro. Albeit sedentary behavior was prevalent, the proportion of patients complying with the minimum recommended PA for health was higher than values usually reported in developed countries

<b>Allometric study of functional fitness of children and adolescents in a rural area of Mozambique.</b>DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2012v14n5p507

Few studies in Africa have investigated the physical performance of children using the allometric method. This study evaluated the functional fitness of children and adolescents in a rural area of Mozambique using the contrast between theoretical models and empirical allometric coefficients. Height and weight were measured and functional fitness was assessed using the AAHPERD, EUROFIT and Fitnessgram tests. The allometric equation Y=aXb, was used. In addition to descriptive statistics, factorial ANOVA was used to test differences of body size and functional variables between sexes and age groups. An extension of the allometric equation based on ANCOVA was used after proper logarithmic transformation of all variables of interest. Mean height and weight increased with age and were significantly associated with age and sex. Functional fitness increased with age, and mean results were higher for boys. Allometric coefficients were different from those expected according to theory, and girls had higher coefficients in almost all tests. A marked sexual dimorphism was seen in functional fitness results according to age. Empirical coefficients were different from those expected according to theory, which demonstrated the absence of the presumed geometric similarity. Girls had higher coefficients than boys in all fitness tests

Estudo alométrico da aptidão funcional de crianças e jovens rurais de Moçambique

Pesquisas em contextos Africanos nas quais se estuda o desempenho motor de crianças através do método alométrica são escassas. O estudo teve como objetivo averiguar a variabilidade da aptidão funcional de crianças e jovens rurais Moçambicanos por meio do contraste entre expoentes alométricos teóricos e empíricos. Foram medidas a altura e o peso, e avaliada a aptidão funcional com base em testes selecionados das baterias AAHPERD, EUROFIT e Fitnessgram. Foi considerada a equação alométrica fundamental, Y=aXb. Para além das estatísticas descritivas habituais, recorreu-se à ANOVA fatorial para determinar o efeito da idade e do sexo nas variáveis somáticas e funcionais. Aplicou-se uma extensão do modelo alométrico a partir da ANCOVA após transformação logarít­mica das variáveis de interesse. Os valores médios de altura e peso aumentam em função da idade, interagindo significativamente com idade e sexo. Constatou-se um efeito da idade nas provas físicas, com maiores médias dos meninos. Os coeficientes alométricos encontrados são distintos dos esperados teoricamente, sendo maiores nas meninas do que nos meninos em quase todas as provas. Pode-se concluir que existe um dimorfismo sexual nas diferenças de médias na aptidão funcional ao longo da idade. Os expoentes empíricos encontrados, em ambos os sexos, são antagônicos aos esperados teoricamente, salientando ausência do pressuposto da similaridade geométrica. Nas meninas, os expo­entes alométricos são, em todas as provas, maiores do que dos meninos

Temporal variation measurements of zincprotoporphyrin ZPP in workers exposed to lead

RESUMO - O doseamento da protoporfirina-zinco (PPZ) vem sendo preconizado como indicador a utilizar em primeira linha nos programas de monitorização biológica da exposição profissional a chumbo. A PPZ apresenta um elevado grau de associação com a plumbemia e representa, num dado momento, o efeito metabólico do chumbo sobre a ferro- -quelatase (enzima catalisadora da incorporação do ferro na protoporfirina IX) ao longo dos anteriores cerca de três meses. Num estudo incidindo sobre 67 trabalhadores expostos a chumbo, do sexo masculino, os autores avaliaram a variação da PPZ em relação à plumbemia determinada num determinado momento (t0) e em sucessivos doseamentos efectuados cerca de 30 (t1), 60 (t2) e 90 (t3) dias após esse momento. Da análise dos resultados obtidos conclui-se que em trabalhadores expostos a chumbo de modo considerado estável (com níveis de Pb-S entre 30 e 78 μg/dL) a PPZ não variou significativamente ao longo do período de tempo considerado. Deste modo, parece poder concluir-se que os resultados de PPZ são representativos do nível de exposição (inferida pelos níveis de dose interna) pelo menos em relação ao período de cerca de três meses anteriores, correspondendo à resposta orgânica consequente à dose em causa.ABSTRACT - Zincprotoporphyrin (ZPP) measurement has been indicated as a first option indicator in biological monitoring programs of workers exposed to lead. ZPP presents a high degree of association with blood lead levels and, in a given moment, represents the metabolic effect of lead with ferrochelatase (an enzyme that catalyzes the incorporation of iron binding into the protoporphyrin) during the last three months. Studying 67 male workers exposed to lead, authors observed the variation of PPZ in relation to blood lead levels determined in a given moment in time (t0) and in successive moments: around 30 days after (t1), 60 days after (t2) and 90 days (t3) after. Results obtained allow to conclude that in workers enduringly exposed to lead (with blood lead levels between 30 and 78 μg/dL) PPZ did not change significantly during the period considered. Thus, it might be concluded that results of ZPP in a given moment are representative of exposition level to lead (inferred by internal dose level) at least in relation to the period of the last three months, corresponding to the organic response to that dose.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Genetic Homogeneity Across Bantu-Speaking Groups from Mozambique and Angola Challenges Early Split Scenarios between East and West Bantu Populations

The large scale spread of Bantu-speaking populations remains one of the most debated questions in African population history. In this work we studied the genetic structure of 19 Bantu-speaking groups from Mozambique and Angola using a multilocus approach based on 14 newly developed compound haplotype systems (UEPSTRs), each consisting of a rapidly evolving short tandem repeat (STR) closely linked to a unique event polymorphism (UEP). We compared the ability of UEPs, STRs and UEPSTRs to document genetic variation at the intercontinental level and among the African Bantu populations, and found that UEPSTR systems clearly provided more resolution than UEPs or STRs alone. The observed patterns of genetic variation revealed high levels of genetic homogeneity between major populations from Angola and Mozambique, with two main outliers: the Kuvale from Angola and the Chopi from Mozambique. Within Mozambique, two Kaskazi–speaking populations from the far north (Yao and Mwani) and two Nyasa-speaking groups from the Zambezi River basin (Nyungwe and Sena) could be differentiated from the remaining groups, but no further population structure was observed across the country. The close genetic relationship between most sampled Bantu populations is consistent with high degrees of interaction between peoples living in savanna areas located to the south of the rainforest. Our results highlight the role of gene flow during the Bantu expansions and show that the genetic evidence accumulated so far is becoming increasingly difficult to reconcile with widely accepted models postulating an early split between eastern and western Bantu populations. Pay-Per-View Download To access this article as a PDF pay-per-view download via BioOne, please click here

Physical activity of children : a global matrix of grades comparing 15 countries

The Active Healthy Kids Canada (AHKC) Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth has been effective in powering the movement to get kids moving by influencing priorities, policies, and practice in Canada. The AHKC Report Card process was replicated in 14 additional countries from 5 continents using 9 common indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behavior, Family and Peers, School, Community and Built Environment, and Government Strategies and Investments), a harmonized process and a standardized grading framework. The 15 Report Cards were presented at the Global Summit on the Physical Activity of Children in Toronto on May 20, 2014. The consolidated findings are summarized here in the form of a global matrix of grades. There is a large spread in grades across countries for most indicators. Countries that lead in certain indicators lag in others. Overall, the grades for indicators of physical activity (PA) around the world are low/poor. Many countries have insufficient information to assign a grade, particularly for the Active Play and Family and Peers indicators. Grades for Sedentary Behaviors are, in general, better in low income countries. The Community and Built Environment indicator received high grades in high income countries and notably lower grades in low income countries. There was a pattern of higher PA and lower sedentary behavior in countries reporting poorer infrastructure, and lower PA and higher sedentary behavior in countries reporting better infrastructure, which presents an interesting paradox. Many surveillance and research gaps and weaknesses were apparent. International cooperation and cross-fertilization is encouraged to tackle existing challenges, understand underlying mechanisms, derive innovative solutions, and overcome the expanding childhood inactivity crisis

Padrão de adiposidade em crianças e jovens de Moçambique: um estudo de genética quantitative

O objetivo foi estimar a contribuição dos fatores genéticos no padrão de adiposidade subcutânea de crianças e jovens de Moçambique. Foram mensuradas seis dobras cutâneas (DC) e os sete fenótipos marcadores do padrão de adiposidade foram: Σ6DC, ΣDC tronco, ΣDC das extremidades, razão ΣDC tronco/extremidades (RTE), primeira, segunda e terceira componentes principais. A heritabilidade (h2) e a correlação (r) nos pares de irmãos foi calculada nos módulos ASSOC e FCOR do software de Epidemiologia Genética SAGE 5.3. A h2 foi elevada nos fenótipos RTE (65%) e terceira componente (50%); e moderada no Σ6DC (48%), ΣDC das extremidades (45%), ΣDC do tronco (42%), primeira e segunda componente (39% e 33%, respectivamente). No geral, os valores de r foram moderados nos irmãos do mesmo sexo (r entre 0,21 e 0,44) e baixos nos irmãos do sexo oposto (r entre -0,02 e 0,18). Conclui-se que os fatores genéticos são responsáveis por 33 a 65% da variabilidade dos diferentes fenótipos do padrão de adiposidade. Os irmãos do mesmo sexo apresentaram maior agregação familiar do que irmãos de sexo oposto