Converging Future Internet, “Things”, and Big Data: An Specification Following NovaGenesis Model

The convergence of Internet of “things” (IoT) with big data platforms and cloud computing is already happening. However, the vast majority, if not all the proposals are based on the current Internet technologies. The convergence of IoT, big data and cloud in “clean slate” architectures is an unexplored topic. In this article, we discuss this convergence considering the viewpoint of a “clean slate” proposal called NovaGenesis. We specify a set of NovaGenesis services to publish sensor device’s data in distributed hash tables employing selfverifying addresses and contract-based trust network formation. IoT devices capabilities and configurations are exposed to software-controllers, which control their operational parameters. The specification covers how the “things” sensed information are subscribed by a big data service and injected in Spark big data platform, allowing NovaGenesis services to subscribe data analytics from Spark. Future work include implementation of the proposed specifications and further investigation of NovaGenesis services performance and scalability

Contentores, corpos e topologias: Uma análise integral da coleção arqueológica de Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina)

A partir del análisis de la colección arqueológica de Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina) se indagan diversos contenedores (animales, cerámicos, vegetales) en tanto cuerpos, junto a las operaciones topológicas que dan sentido a los mismos en contextos funerarios. Metodología: análisis de la colección arqueológica y documentación asociada junto a antecedentes bibliográficos. Conclusiones: se proponen otros vínculos y efectividades epistémicas para los contenedores lógicos de Pampa Grande a partir de movimientos (romper, voltear, combinar, asentar, envolver) que habilitan nuevos aspectos topo-lógicos tras o hacia la muerte, alterando sus capacidades afectivas y potencialidades.Originalidad: este artículo pretende aportar una nueva mirada sobre diversos elementos que conforman una colección arqueológica y que suelen ordenarse según la especialidad del investigador, antes que seguir las conexiones que el material mismo sugiere. Así, este trabajo aporta una red relacional alternativa que vincula diversos cuerpos contenedores desde un abordaje topológico que permite ir más allá de nuestra usual mirada académica sobre los mismos.From the analysis of the archaeological collection at Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina) different containers (animals, ceramics, vegetables) are explored as bodies, together with the topological operations that confer meaning to them in funerary contexts. Methodology: Analysis of the archaeological collection and associated documentation together with bibliographical background. Conclusions: Other links and epistemic effectivities are proposed for the logical containers of Pampa Grande based on movements (breaking, turning, combining, settling, wrapping) that enable new topological aspects after or towards death, altering their affective capacities and potentialities. Originality: This article aims to provide a new look at the various elements that make up an archaeological collection and that are usually ordered according to the specialty of the researcher, rather than following the connections that the material itself suggests. Thus, this work provides an alternative relational network that links different container bodies from a topological approach that allows us to go beyond our usual academic view of them.A partir da análise da coleção arqueológica de Pampa Grande (Salta, Argentina), são questionados diversos contentores (animais, cerâmicos, vegetais) de corpos, junto às operações topológicas que lhes dão sentido em contextos funerários. Metodologia: análise da coleção arqueológica e documentação associada junto a antecedentes bibliográficos. Conclusões: propõem-se outros vínculos e efetividades epistêmicas para os contentores lógicos de Pampa Grande a partir de movimentos (quebrar, virar, combinar, assentar, envolver) que permitem novos aspectos topológicos após a morte ou em direção a ela, alterando suas capacidades afetivas e potencialidades. Originalidade: este artigo pretende contribuir com uma nova visão sobre diversos elementos que conformam uma coleção arqueológica e que costumam ser organizados segundo a especialidade do pesquisador, antes que seguir as conexões que o material em si sugere. Assim, este trabalho contribui com uma rede relacional alternativa que vincula diversos corpos contentores a partir de uma abordagem topológica que possibilita ir mais além da nosso usual olhar acadêmico sobre eles.Fil: Lema, Veronica Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades. Instituto de Antropología de Córdoba; Argentin

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Background The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2017 comparative risk assessment (CRA) is a comprehensive approach to risk factor quantification that offers a useful tool for synthesising evidence on risks and risk–outcome associations. With each annual GBD study, we update the GBD CRA to incorporate improved methods, new risks and risk–outcome pairs, and new data on risk exposure levels and risk–outcome associations. Methods We used the CRA framework developed for previous iterations of GBD to estimate levels and trends in exposure, attributable deaths, and attributable disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), by age group, sex, year, and location for 84 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or groups of risks from 1990 to 2017. This study included 476 risk–outcome pairs that met the GBD study criteria for convincing or probable evidence of causation. We extracted relative risk and exposure estimates from 46 749 randomised controlled trials, cohort studies, household surveys, census data, satellite data, and other sources. We used statistical models to pool data, adjust for bias, and incorporate covariates. Using the counterfactual scenario of theoretical minimum risk exposure level (TMREL), we estimated the portion of deaths and DALYs that could be attributed to a given risk. We explored the relationship between development and risk exposure by modelling the relationship between the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and risk-weighted exposure prevalence and estimated expected levels of exposure and risk-attributable burden by SDI. Finally, we explored temporal changes in risk-attributable DALYs by decomposing those changes into six main component drivers of change as follows: (1) population growth; (2) changes in population age structures; (3) changes in exposure to environmental and occupational risks; (4) changes in exposure to behavioural risks; (5) changes in exposure to metabolic risks; and (6) changes due to all other factors, approximated as the risk-deleted death and DALY rates, where the risk-deleted rate is the rate that would be observed had we reduced the exposure levels to the TMREL for all risk factors included in GBD 2017. Findings In 2017, 34·1 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 33·3–35·0) deaths and 1·21 billion (1·14–1·28) DALYs were attributable to GBD risk factors. Globally, 61·0% (59·6–62·4) of deaths and 48·3% (46·3–50·2) of DALYs were attributed to the GBD 2017 risk factors. When ranked by risk-attributable DALYs, high systolic blood pressure (SBP) was the leading risk factor, accounting for 10·4 million (9·39–11·5) deaths and 218 million (198–237) DALYs, followed by smoking (7·10 million [6·83–7·37] deaths and 182 million [173–193] DALYs), high fasting plasma glucose (6·53 million [5·23–8·23] deaths and 171 million [144–201] DALYs), high body-mass index (BMI; 4·72 million [2·99–6·70] deaths and 148 million [98·6–202] DALYs), and short gestation for birthweight (1·43 million [1·36–1·51] deaths and 139 million [131–147] DALYs). In total, risk-attributable DALYs declined by 4·9% (3·3–6·5) between 2007 and 2017. In the absence of demographic changes (ie, population growth and ageing), changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs would have led to a 23·5% decline in DALYs during that period. Conversely, in the absence of changes in risk exposure and risk-deleted DALYs, demographic changes would have led to an 18·6% increase in DALYs during that period. The ratios of observed risk exposure levels to exposure levels expected based on SDI (O/E ratios) increased globally for unsafe drinking water and household air pollution between 1990 and 2017. This result suggests that development is occurring more rapidly than are changes in the underlying risk structure in a population. Conversely, nearly universal declines in O/E ratios for smoking and alcohol use indicate that, for a given SDI, exposure to these risks is declining. In 2017, the leading Level 4 risk factor for age-standardised DALY rates was high SBP in four super-regions: central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; north Africa and Middle East; south Asia; and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania. The leading risk factor in the high-income super-region was smoking, in Latin America and Caribbean was high BMI, and in sub-Saharan Africa was unsafe sex. O/E ratios for unsafe sex in sub-Saharan Africa were notably high, and those for alcohol use in north Africa and the Middle East were notably low. Interpretation By quantifying levels and trends in exposures to risk factors and the resulting disease burden, this assessment offers insight into where past policy and programme efforts might have been successful and highlights current priorities for public health action. Decreases in behavioural, environmental, and occupational risks have largely offset the effects of population growth and ageing, in relation to trends in absolute burden. Conversely, the combination of increasing metabolic risks and population ageing will probably continue to drive the increasing trends in non-communicable diseases at the global level, which presents both a public health challenge and opportunity. We see considerable spatiotemporal heterogeneity in levels of risk exposure and risk-attributable burden. Although levels of development underlie some of this heterogeneity, O/E ratios show risks for which countries are overperforming or underperforming relative to their level of development. As such, these ratios provide a benchmarking tool to help to focus local decision making. Our findings reinforce the importance of both risk exposure monitoring and epidemiological research to assess causal connections between risks and health outcomes, and they highlight the usefulness of the GBD study in synthesising data to draw comprehensive and robust conclusions that help to inform good policy and strategic health planning

A ética do silêncio racial no contexto urbano: políticas públicas e desigualdade social no Recife, 1900-1940

Mais de meio século após o preconceito racial ter se tornado o principal alvo dos movimentos urbanos pelos direitos civis nos Estados Unidos e na África do Sul, e décadas depois do surgimento dos movimentos negros contemporâneos no Brasil, o conjunto de ferramentas legislativas criado no Brasil para promover o direito à cidade ainda adere à longa tradição brasileira de silêncio acerca da questão racial. Este artigo propõe iniciar uma exploração das raízes históricas desse fenômeno, remontando ao surgimento do silêncio sobre a questão racial na política urbana do Recife, Brasil, durante a primeira metade do século XX. O Recife foi eé um exemplo paradigmático do processo pelo qual uma cidade amplamente marcada por traços negros e africanos chegou a ser definida política e legalmente como um espaço pobre, subdesenvolvido e racialmente neutro, onde as desigualdades sociais originaram na exclusão capitalista, e não na escravidão e nas ideologias do racismo científico. Neste sentido, Recife lança luzes sobre a política urbana que se gerou sob a sombra do silêncio racial.More than half a century after racial prejudice became central to urban civil rights movements in the United States and South Africa, and decades after the emergence of Brazil’s contemporary Black movements, Brazil's internationally recognized body of rights-to-the-city legislation still adheres to the country's long historical tradition of racial silence. This article explores the historical roots of this phenomenon by focusing on the emergence of racial silence in Recife, Brazil during the first half of the 20th Century. Recife was and remains a paradigmatic example of the process through which a city marked by its Black and African roots came to be legally and politically defined as a poor, underdeveloped and racially neutral space, where social inequalities derived from capitalist exclusion rather than from slavery and scientific racism. As such, Recife'sexperience sheds light on the urban policies that were generated in the shadow of racial silence

SimATM : um ambiente para a simulação de redes ATM

Orientador: Leonardo de Souza MendesDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de ComputaçãoResumo: Esta tese descreve o SimA TM, um ambiente para a simulação de redes A TM. O SimA TM é um aplicativo para a pesquisa, análise e projeto de redes A TM desenvolvido em C++ para o sistema operacional Windows 95/NTTM. O SimATM utiliza uma técnica de simulação baseada em eventos para realizar a simulação A TM no nível de células. A arquitetura das redes A TM é modelada a partir do Modelo de Referência de Protocolos da B-ISDN e da Arquitetura Funcional Geral de um Elemento de Rede A TM. Quatro tipos de modelos foram desenvolvidos para o SimA TM: modelos de camadas, modelos de sistemas de fila, modelos de equipamentos A TM e modelos de aplicativos A TM. Nesta tese é feita uma descrição dos elementos da estrutura do simulador e dos modelos desenvolvidos. Detalhes da implementação em C++ destes elementos e modelos também são apresentados. Um exemplo de simulação de rede A TM é realizado, e os resultados obtidos são comprovados através da lei de Little. Finalmente, são apresentadas algumas conclusões e sugestões para trabalhos futurosAbstract: This thesis describes SimA TM, an environment to A TM network simulation. The SimA TM is an application tailored to research, analysis and design of ATM networks developed in C++ for the Windows 95/NTTM operating system. The SimATM utilizes an event-driven simulation technique to achieve A TM simulation at cell leveI. The A TM networks architecture is modeled from the B-ISDN Protocol Reference Model andfrom the General Functional Architecture of an ATM Network Element. Four kinds of models were developed for SimATM: layer models, queueing system models, A TM equipment models and A TM application models. A description of simulator structure elements and developed models is provided in this thesis. Implementation details ofthese elements and models are also presented An example of ATM Network simulation is realized, and the obtained results are conjirmed by Little 's Law. Finally, some conc/usions and suggestions for future works are presented.MestradoEletronica e ComunicaçõesMestre em Engenharia Elétric

Measurement-While-Drilling Based Estimation of Dynamic Penetrometer Values Using Decision Trees and Random Forests

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that consists of the application of various algorithms to obtain information from large data sets. These algorithms are especially useful to solve nonlinear problems that appear frequently in some engineering fields. Geotechnical engineering presents situations with complex relationships of multiple variables, making it an ideal field for the application of machine learning techniques. Thus, these techniques have already been applied with a certain degree of success to determine such things as soil parameters, admissible load, settlement, or slope stability. Moreover, dynamic penetrometers are a very common type of test in geotechnical studies, and, in many cases, they are used to design the foundation solution. In addition, its continuous nature allows us to know the variations of the terrain profile. The objective of this study was to correlate the drilling parameters of deep foundation machinery (Measurement-While-Drilling, MWD) with the number of blows of the dynamic penetrometer test. Therefore, the drilling logs could be equated with said tests, providing information that can be easily interpreted by a geotechnical engineer and that would allow the validation of the design hypotheses. Decision trees and random forest algorithms have been used for this purpose. The ability of these algorithms to replicate the complex relationships between drilling parameters and terrain characteristics has allowed obtaining a reliable reproduction of the penetrometric profile of the traversed soil

Measurement-While-Drilling Based Estimation of Dynamic Penetrometer Values Using Decision Trees and Random Forests

Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence (AI) that consists of the application of various algorithms to obtain information from large data sets. These algorithms are especially useful to solve nonlinear problems that appear frequently in some engineering fields. Geotechnical engineering presents situations with complex relationships of multiple variables, making it an ideal field for the application of machine learning techniques. Thus, these techniques have already been applied with a certain degree of success to determine such things as soil parameters, admissible load, settlement, or slope stability. Moreover, dynamic penetrometers are a very common type of test in geotechnical studies, and, in many cases, they are used to design the foundation solution. In addition, its continuous nature allows us to know the variations of the terrain profile. The objective of this study was to correlate the drilling parameters of deep foundation machinery (Measurement-While-Drilling, MWD) with the number of blows of the dynamic penetrometer test. Therefore, the drilling logs could be equated with said tests, providing information that can be easily interpreted by a geotechnical engineer and that would allow the validation of the design hypotheses. Decision trees and random forest algorithms have been used for this purpose. The ability of these algorithms to replicate the complex relationships between drilling parameters and terrain characteristics has allowed obtaining a reliable reproduction of the penetrometric profile of the traversed soil

Incorporación de la metodología BIM en el Máster de Ingeniería de Caminos

University syllabus of architecture and building degrees have already included the use of BIM. Nevertheless, the implementation of BIM in most of the Civil Engineering syllabus is still pending. In the case of the Master degree in Civil Engineering, new considerations are needed to prepare future engineers for the use of BIM in infrastructure and civil engineering projects in their career. In the case of Spain, the use of BIM will be introduced in civil engineering projects for the public administration in 2019. However, in the the Master Degree in Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos there is not a clear path to be followed in order to implement BIM in the university syllabus. With the aim of satisfying this demand, the Civil Engineering School (Escuela de Caminos, Canales y Puertos) of Universidad Politécnica de Madrid has decided to create a new specific subject to be included in the third semester of the Master degree. This contribution shows the approach and the strategies used in order to implement this methodology as the results obtained. ----------RESUMEN---------- En el ámbito de la formación universitaria ya han aparecido una serie de iniciativas dirigidas a incorporar la metodología BIM en los estudios de Arquitectura y Edificación. Sin embargo, sigue estando pendiente su introducción en el campo de la Ingeniería de Caminos, apostando por un nuevo enfoque que combine la formación tradicional y los recursos tecnológicos aportados por la metodología BIM y que prepare a los egresados para el mundo profesional en el ámbito de las infraestructuras. En España se están dando los primeros pasos y a partir de 2019 la metodología BIM será obligatoria para la licitación y construcción de infraestructuras la Administración Pública. Sin embargo, en los planes de estudios de Ingeniería de Caminos solo existen implementaciones aisladas que no disponen de una estrategia global en el desarrollo formativo del alumno. Para atender esta necesidad, la Escuela de Caminos, Canales y Puertos (ETSICCP) de la Universidad Politécnica de Madrid ha creado una asignatura específica para incluirla en el Máster Universitario en Ingeniería de Caminos, Canales y Puertos (Máster de carácter habilitante) que responde a las necesidades actuales y sirve de guía para implementar la tecnología BIM de manera transversal al resto de niveles universitarios. Esta aportación muestra el enfoque y las estrategias utilizadas para implementar esta metodología así como los resultados obtenidos en su primer año de implantación