Application Of Optical Method In Measuring Mechanical Vibrations In A Cantilever Beam

The pertinent literature discloses a family of optical profile measuring techniques highlighting the moire methods. The Moire technique is based on the interference of two superimposed optical grids which produce fringe patterns which can be processed to analyze the DYNAMIC MEASUREMENT IN MATERIALS mechanical behavior. The goal of this research is to experimentally determine the mechanical displacement of a slim cantilever beam by means of Moire technique with Phase Shift. Photomechanical experimental arrangement included a digital camera, a multimedia projector and a PC. The occurrence of oscillations has been adequately analyzed. The results showed data from which useful information can withdraw, being of great importance to support agricultural machinery projects and development.371849

The negative influences of the new brazilian forest code on the conservation of riparian forests

More than one million hectares of riparian forests were degraded or altered in Mato Grosso State (Brazil) up to 2009. The aim of the research is to set a comparative scenario to show differences in the quantification of environmental liabilities in riparian forest areas resulting from the change in native vegetation protection rules due to the transition between Laws 4771/65 and 12651/2012. Data collection took place in a marginal stretch of Vermelho River in Rondonópolis County, Mato Grosso State. The following data set was taken into consideration: aerial images derived from unmanned aerial vehicle, Rapid Eye satellite images and orbital images hosted at Google Earth. The spatial resolution of those images was compared. The aerial photos composed a mosaic that was photo-interpreted to generate land use and occupation classes. The riparian forest areas of a rural property were used as parameter, and their environmental situation was compared in 05 meter and 100 meter strips. Thus, by taking into consideration the current rules, 23,501 m2 of area ceased to be an environmental liability within the riparian forest and became a consolidated rural area. According to the previous Forest Code, in a different scenario, that is, in a set of rural properties, the public authority would receive USD 68,600.00 in fines. The new Brazilian Forestry Code of 2012, which replaces the previous one made in 1965, exempts those responsible for rural property from regenerating previously deforested native vegetation — an obligation established by older Forest Code. We have shown that the new Forest Code has diminished the legal responsibility of the rural owners in relation to the maintenance of forest fragments in their properties

Early Carboniferous synorogenic basins evolution of the Ossa-Morena and

The stratigraphic record of the Early Carboniferous in Iberia reveals that synorogenic deposition was important and occurred simultaneously in basins influenced by extension and contraction with gravitational instability. In NW Iberia (Galicia – Trás-os-Montes Zone) contraction was dominant and the deposition took place in a forebulge outwards from the nappe stacking front. Here, synorogenic deposits were strongly affected by folding and thrusting as they were imbricated and incorporated in the allochthonous pile. In a different way, in SW Iberia (Ossa-Morena Zone) synorogenic deposition was influenced by extension and happened simultaneously with the onset of significant magmatism

Observações sobre o parasitismo de Neodusmetia sangwani sobre a cochonilha (Antonina graminis)

An experiment was carried out to determine the parasitism index of Neodusmetia sangwani (Rao, 1957) on the rhodesgrass scale (Antonina graminis Maskell, 1897). Adults of A. gramini infesting Rhynchelyhum repens (Wild) Hubb. field in Campinas, state of São Paulo, Brazil, were collected and taken to the laboratory. The insects were maintained inside glass containers, in a total of 75. This study was conducted at a temperature of 28oC and relative humidity of 65%. The results showed 35% of rhodesgrass attacked by N. sangwani. The number of female parasites was higher than of male. The average of parasitism was five hymenopteras for rhodesgrass. Only two parasites were not of the N. sangwani specie. Procurando-se determinar o índice de parasitismo causado pelo micro-himenóptero Neodusmetia sangwani (Rao, 1957) sobre a cochonilha (Antonina graminis Maskell, 1897), amostras de capim-favorito (Rhynchelyhum repens (Wild) Hubb.), infestadas pelo coccídeo, foram coletadas na Estação Experimental do Instituto Biológico em Campinas, São Paulo, no final de outubro de 1986. Essas amostras foram levadas ao laboratório da Seção de Controle Biológico das Pragas (SCPB) e as cochonilhas individualizadas em tubo de vidro de 3,5 cm de comprimento e 0,5 cm de diâmetro, cuja boca foi lacrada com película de plástico transparente. As 75 cochonilhas obtidas, foram mantidas a uma temperatura média de 28oC e umidade relativa média de 65%. Após 35 dias, observou-se a emergência de parasitóides, constatando-se aproximadamente 35% de cochonilhas parasitadas pela N. sangwani. Verificou-se também o total de 132 parasitóides emergidos, distribuídos em 17 machos e 115 fêmeas, sendo ainda determinado que a média de N.sangwani por cochonilha foi de 5,08. Da totalidade dos micro-himenópteros encontrados, apenas dois não pertenciam a espécie N. sangwani.

Mathematical model of brain tumour with glia-neuron interactions and chemotherapy treatment

Acknowledgements This study was possible by partial financial support from the following Brazilian government agencies: Fundação Araucária, EPSRC-EP/I032606/1 and CNPq, CAPES and Science Without Borders Program Process nos. 17656125, 99999.010583/2013-00 and 245377/2012-3.Peer reviewedPreprin

A barrier for further approximating Sorting By Transpositions

The Transposition Distance Problem (TDP) is a classical problem in genome rearrangements which seeks to determine the minimum number of transpositions needed to transform a linear chromosome into another represented by the permutations $\pi$ and $\sigma$, respectively. This paper focuses on the equivalent problem of Sorting By Transpositions (SBT), where $\sigma$ is the identity permutation $\iota$. Specifically, we investigate palisades, a family of permutations that are "hard" to sort, as they require numerous transpositions above the celebrated lower bound devised by Bafna and Pevzner. By determining the transposition distance of palisades, we were able to provide the exact transposition diameter for $3$-permutations (TD3), a special subset of the Symmetric Group $S_n$, essential for the study of approximate solutions for SBT using the simplification technique. The exact value for TD3 has remained unknown since Elias and Hartman showed an upper bound for it. Another consequence of determining the transposition distance of palisades is that, using as lower bound the one by Bafna and Pevzner, it is impossible to guarantee approximation ratios lower than $1.375$ when approximating SBT. This finding has significant implications for the study of SBT, as this problem has been subject of intense research efforts for the past 25 years