Uso de herramientas TIC y condiciones ergonómicas en docentes

El uso de herramientas TIC entre el profesorado ha crecido sustancialmente. Sin embargo, la exposición continuada a ordenadores y tablets son fuente de riesgos ergonómicos entre niños y docentes (Afterman, 2019). Las enseñanzas online son las que presentan un mayor riesgo de lesiones (Upadhyay et al., 2021) y el aumento de este tipo de docencia a raíz de la pandemia mundial ha contribuido al aumento de trastornos musculoesqueléticos (Soltaninejad et al., 2021). El objetivo de este trabajo consiste en conocer los principales riesgos ergonómicos del profesorado debido a la uso de herramientas digitales. La metodología empleada fue el uso del cuestionario ergonómico adaptado del método ERGOPAR V2.0 (Gardea et al., 2015). Este cuestionario forma parte de un procedimiento destinado a la mejora de la ergonomía de los trabajadores a partir de la participación de los propios trabajadores en la prevención de los riesgos laborales de esta naturaleza. Se realizó la distribución del cuestionario y recopilación de respuestas entre un total de 29 profesores. Los resultados mostraron la importancia de las lesiones en el cuello y espalda y hombros, debido a que la gran mayoría de los participantes presentaron algún tipo de molestia o dolor relacionada con la exposición a los dispositivos digitales. En menor medida también resultaron numerosos lo participantes que indicaron molestias en las manos y muñecas, así como en la zona lumbar. En base a los resultados se hace necesaria la implantación de nuevas medidas preventivas que mitiguen el efecto de los riesgos ergonómicos causados por la exposición a las herramientas TIC. En este sentido destacan la formación e información de los trabajadores en materia de ergonomía, y el rediseño de los puestos de trabajo para una mejor adaptación de los distintos equipos a los trabajadores que lo utilizan, y la racionalización del tiempo de exposición a los dispositivos digitales.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tec

Gestión de riesgos emergentes en talleres de automoción

[ES] La temática de la tesis es el estudio el análisis de los riesgos presentes en los talleres de automoción haciendo un especial énfasis en los riesgos emergentes ligados a las nuevas tecnologías, en especial la implementada en coches eléctricos. Para ello se realizó un estudio estadístico de siniestralidad en el sector así como una valoración de los riesgos existentes mediantes paneles de expertos. Los resultados mostraron que la formación e información de los trabajadores deben de adaptarse tanto a los diferentes perfiles de siniestralidad encontrados en base a diferentes variables como pueden ser la edad, antigüedad del sector o tamaño de la empresa, y tener en cuenta las nuevas tecnologías. El diseño e implementación de nuevas medidas preventivas basadas en los resultados de este trabajo pueden reducir los riesgos a los que se expone el trabajador de los actuales y futuros talleres de reparación de vehículos.[EN] The topic of the thesis is to study occupational risks in automotive workshops with particular emphasis on emerging risks associated with new technologies, especially implemented in electric cars. Statistic methods and expert panels were carried on through the research. The results showed that training and information for workers must be adapted to the different profiles of accidents found based on different variables such as age, lenght in the sector or company size, and take into account new technologies. The design and implementation of new preventive measures based on the results of this work can reduce the risks to which the worker current and future vehicle repairers exposed.Tesis Univ. Jaén. Departamento de Derecho Público y Derecho Privado Especial. Leída el 16 de septiembre de 201

Prevention through design (PtD) as a management tool in occupational risk prevention

El objeto de la tesis es obtener una visión ampliada y actualizada de los riesgos laborales presentes en la construcción de estructuras verticales de hormigón, así como de la gestión de la seguridad y salud en este tipo de proyectos de construcción mediante el uso del concepto de la prevención a través del diseño (PtD). Las metodologías utilizadas en el desarrollo de la tesis fueron de carácter cuantitativo y cualitativo. Se llevaron a cabo análisis de siniestralidad basados en los partes oficiales de accidentes de trabajo registrados en el sector de la construcción en España, se realizaron encuestas a numerosos profesionales de diferentes grupos de interés implicados en los proyectos de obra civil, se diseñaron paneles de expertos para evaluar diversas actividades y riesgos específicos, y se cuantificó la presencia e importancia del concepto prevención a través del diseño en diferentes titulaciones de carácter universitario. Los resultados de este estudio destacan la importancia de diversos factores presentes en los accidentes analizados, las principales carencias a la hora de llevar a cabo un correcto uso de la PtD como herramienta de gestión preventiva, entre las que destacan por un lado la falta de implantación del citado concepto en los estudios universitarios, y por otro lado la frecuente falta de comunicación de los distintos profesionales presentes en los proyectos (diseñadores, fabricantes de encofrados y constructoras). Las conclusiones de esta investigación pueden ser llevadas a la práctica durante el diseño de proyectos de obra civil, al igual que se pueden aplicar a la mejora de los futuros planes de estudio de las titulaciones universitarias estudiadas

Injury analysis of teachers’ occupational accidents.

BACKGROUND: Occupational accidents among teachers are a cause of concern because of their consequences regarding several parts of the body, such as the neck, back, or extremities; however, the number of studies on this issue is limited. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the possible effects of different variables (gender, age, nationality, experience, sector, day of the week, traffic accidents) associated with occupational injuries suffered by teachers. METHODS: All teachers’ accidents recorded in Spain (136,702) from 2003 to 2018 were analyzed. Odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval were calculated. RESULTS: For injured female workers, being younger than 45, in her first month of experience, in a public school, without risk assessment, and in a traffic accident are the most important factors related to suffering a neck injury. In the case of injured male workers, to be older than 45, in a private school, and no traffic accidents are the factors detected influence suffering an injury in lower extremities. CONCLUSIONS: Institutions and schools should pay special attention to the highest-risk profiles. Results obtained can be a very useful tool for the design and implementation of specific occupational health and safety strategies adapted to the more vulnerable workers in each kind of injury

Organizational and personal factors in occupational traffic injuries at work in Spain.

Objective Traffic crashes are one of the major causes of deaths at work. However, most of the literature on traffic crashes did not study the influence of worker and organization conditions. The current paper analyses the influence of the personal and organizational factors associated with the severity of occupational traffic crashes. Methods A total of 724,596 occupational traffic crashes that occurred in Spain from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed. Men suffered 59% of crashes registered, while workers younger than 30 represented 31.3% of crashes studied. Variables included in the Official Occupational Accident Report were analyzed using logistic regression calculating odds ratios. Results Results showed that a foreign, professional male driver from a small company who is older than 55 years was more likely to suffer a fatal crash. In contrast, a Spanish, nonprofessional female driver from a medium or big company who is younger than 30 years is more likely to suffer light consequences. Conclusions Findings from the current research could help to improve the safety training programmes in companies considering their personal and business variables such as age, gender, or company staff, especially in small companies. Future research should collect and analyze additional variables combining different data sources.The authors would like to acknowledge the Spanish Ministry of Labour and Social Economy for the anonymized data supplied for the current research

Gender differences in teachers' occupational accidents.

The authors stated that the main objective of the current research is to analyze the relationship between the gender of injured teachers and independent variables, such as age, place of the accident, absence days, and severity of the injury, to improve women’s occupational health and safety. Teachers’ accidents recorded in Spain (N = 136,702) from 2003 through 2018 were analyzed by calculating their incidence rates, using statistical tools for independent samples. Gender differences were found in some of the variables studied. Women were more likely to suffer an occupational accident. Compensation per lost working day was found to be statistically lower for women, but no differences based on gender were found in the absence days due to occupational accidents suffered by teachers. The salary gap should be addressed to avoid gender economic discrimination among injured teachers. Preventive strategies should be developed to mitigate the negative difference caused by gender variable

Carpooling systems for commuting among teachers: an expert panel analysis of their barriers and incentives

Sustainable mobility is a current challenge in our society. Research shows that carpooling systems are potential solutions that could mitigate environmental pollution and urban congestion and provide cost savings for their users. Despite their potential benefits, the levels of carpooling practices among some occupations could be improved. Teachers are suitable for carpooling experiences due to their specific working conditions (e.g., timetables, destinations changes, path matches); however, there is no research solely focused on teachers. Thus, the current research aimed to analyze the barriers and incentives for teachers using carpooling systems for commuting. A panel member was selected following the staticized group technique. Panelists were surveyed to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of carpooling. Results showed that fuel savings were considered by the expert panel as the most important incentive for carpooling. For short distances, carpooling was not considered the best commuting option. Additionally, the increase in travel time and loss of personal independence were identified as relevant barriers. Based on the opinions of experts, it can be concluded that carpooling barriers outweigh the incentives for the commuting of teachers. To promote carpooling practices, institutional mobility plans with advantages for carpoolers could improve the teachers’ perceptions about carpooling. Future carpooling strategies should consider these results to promote incentives and address the identified barriers.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Prevention of Falls from Heights in Construction Using an IoT System Based on Fuzzy Markup Language and JFML

The main cause of fatal accidents in the construction sector are falls from height (FFH) and the inappropriate use of a harness is commonly associated with these fatalities. Traditional methods, such as onsite inspections, safety communication, or safety training, are not enough to mitigate accidents caused by FFH associated with a poor management in the use of a harness. Although some technological solutions for the automated monitoring of workers could improve safety conditions, their use is not frequent due to the particularities of construction sites: complexity, dynamic environments, outdoor workplaces, etc. Then, the integration of expert knowledge with technology is a key issue. Fuzzy logic systems (FLS) and Internet of Things (IoT) present many potential benefits, such as real-time decisions being made based on FLS and data from sensors. In the current research, the development and test of an IoT system integrated with the Java Fuzzy Markup Language Library for FLS, to support experts’ decision making in FFH, is proposed. The proposal was checked in four construction scenarios based on working conditions with different levels of risk of FFH and obtained promising results

Improving the prevention of fall from height on construction sites through the combination of technologies

Fall from height is a cause of concern in the construction sector. Appropriate use of a harness can be the difference between an incident or a critical accident. Monitoring the proper use of a harness in the workplace using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices is a recent and effective approach. The aim of this article is to identify typical limitations in a BLE monitoring system in order to propose solutions according to the existing literature. Alternative solutions found in the literature showed that the integration of BLE with other technologies such as building information modeling, radio-frequency identification or the global positioning system can improve the effectiveness of current monitoring approaches based only on BLE and reduce rates of fall from height accidents. For correct integration, both technological factors (cost, compatibility, data transmission) and cultural factors (social acceptance, procedures, etc.) must be taken into account

Monitoring harness use in construction with BLE beacons.

This paper introduces a novel approach to measure and evaluate the proper use of harnesses at construction sites: we deploy Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) beacons for delimiting areas where the use of a harness is mandatory and to detect whether the harness is attached to the corresponding lifeline when the worker enter these areas. Our method is based on local estimation, through statistical filtering of RSSI measurements (Extended Kalman Filter), of the proximity between the beacons that delimit the different areas and the one in the lifeline, followed by a finite state machine risk status detector. Experiments have been performed in a real construction work-place with a wearable device; their results show that our solution is ideal for dynamic construction environments. Its main advantages are robustness of the detection system, easy relocation of the beacons as the construction zone evolves, and no need for calibration, communication infrastructure, external processing support, or configuration/map updates. Additionally, optional remote IoT for online monitoring is possible.The authors would like to acknowledge the contribution from “Fundación Laboral De La Construcción” for allowing them to test the system on a real construction site