The Scrovegni Chapel : the results of over 20 years of indoor climate monitoring

This paper presents the results of 20 years of monitoring indoor microclimate conditions inside theScrovegni Chapel in Padova (Italy). Since the late 1970s, the chapel has been the subject of a series ofmonitoring to assess the degree of conservation of the frescos and of the building structures. The earlystudies allowed to operate in the best for what concerns the choice of the proper instrumentation and theirpositioning. It was thus possible to operate before the beginning of any restoration work measuring valuesof surface temperature, vertical and horizontal gradients of air temperature and relative humidity. Theapproach has highlighted the importance of heat transfer as well as exchanges of mass between the indoorair and wall surfaces. A subsequent monitoring period allows to measure the air temperature, humidityand surface temperatures after the restoration works. During the same period, it was commissioned toassess the requirements for the air treatment plant. Monitoring is continuous in time and a reasonedcomparison of the different indoor microclimatic conditions, which over the years have been met, ishere proposed. These indications suggest possible improvements of the monitoring system and of themanagement of indoor microclimate

The Scrovegni Chapel : the results of over 20 years of indoor climate monitoring

This paper presents the results of 20 years of monitoring indoor microclimate conditions inside theScrovegni Chapel in Padova (Italy). Since the late 1970s, the chapel has been the subject of a series ofmonitoring to assess the degree of conservation of the frescos and of the building structures. The earlystudies allowed to operate in the best for what concerns the choice of the proper instrumentation and theirpositioning. It was thus possible to operate before the beginning of any restoration work measuring valuesof surface temperature, vertical and horizontal gradients of air temperature and relative humidity. Theapproach has highlighted the importance of heat transfer as well as exchanges of mass between the indoorair and wall surfaces. A subsequent monitoring period allows to measure the air temperature, humidityand surface temperatures after the restoration works. During the same period, it was commissioned toassess the requirements for the air treatment plant. Monitoring is continuous in time and a reasonedcomparison of the different indoor microclimatic conditions, which over the years have been met, ishere proposed. These indications suggest possible improvements of the monitoring system and of themanagement of indoor microclimate

Data from: The genomes of two key bumblebee species with primitive eusocial organisation

Background: The shift from solitary to social behavior is one of the major evolutionary transitions. Primitively eusocial bumblebees are uniquely placed to illuminate the evolution of highly eusocial insect societies. Bumblebees are also invaluable natural and agricultural pollinators, and there is widespread concern over recent population declines in some species. High-quality genomic data will inform key aspects of bumblebee biology, including susceptibility to implicated population viability threats. Results: We report the high quality draft genome sequences of Bombus terrestris and Bombus impatiens, two ecologically dominant bumblebees and widely utilized study species. Comparing these new genomes to those of the highly eusocial honeybee Apis mellifera and other Hymenoptera, we identify deeply conserved similarities, as well as novelties key to the biology of these organisms. Some honeybee genome features thought to underpin advanced eusociality are also present in bumblebees, indicating an earlier evolution in the bee lineage. Xenobiotic detoxification and immune genes are similarly depauperate in bumblebees and honeybees, and multiple categories of genes linked to social organization, including development and behavior, show high conservation. Key differences identified include a bias in bumblebee chemoreception towards gustation from olfaction, and striking differences in microRNAs, potentially responsible for gene regulation underlying social and other traits. Conclusions: These two bumblebee genomes provide a foundation for post-genomic research on these key pollinators and insect societies. Overall, gene repertoires suggest that the route to advanced eusociality in bees was mediated by many small changes in many genes and processes, and not by notable expansion or depauperation

Comparison of Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hospital Anxiety and Depression - Depression subscale scores by administration mode: An individual participant data differential item functioning meta-analysis

Administration mode of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) may influence responses. We assessed if Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale – Depression subscale (HADS-D) item responses and scores were associated with administration mode. We compared (1) self-administration versus interview-administration; within self-administration (2) research or medical setting versus private; and (3) pen-and-paper versus electronic; and within interview-administration (4) in-person versus phone. We analysed individual participant data meta-analysis datasets with item-level data for the PHQ-9 (N = 34,529), EPDS (N = 16,813), and HADS-D (N = 16,768). We used multiple indicator multiple cause models to assess differential item functioning (DIF) by administration mode. We found statistically significant DIF for most items on all measures due to large samples, but influence on total scores was negligible. In 10 comparisons conducted across the PHQ-9, EPDS, and HADS-D, Pearson's correlations and intraclass correlation coefficients between latent depression symptom scores from models that did or did not account for DIF were between 0.995 and 1.000. Total PHQ-9, EPDS, and HADS-D scores did not differ materially across administration modes. Researcher and clinicians who evaluate depression symptoms with these questionnaires can select administration methods based on patient preferences, feasibility, or cost.</p