11 research outputs found
Velocity Distribution and Cumulants in the Unsteady Uniform Longitudinal Flow of a Granular Gas
The uniform longitudinal flow is characterized by a linear longitudinal
velocity field , where is the strain
rate, a uniform density , and a uniform granular temperature
. Direct simulation Monte Carlo solutions of the Boltzmann equation for
inelastic hard spheres are presented for three (one positive and two negative)
representative values of the initial strain rate . Starting from different
initial conditions, the temporal evolution of the reduced strain rate
, the non-Newtonian viscosity, the second and third
velocity cumulants, and three independent marginal distribution functions has
been recorded. Elimination of time in favor of the reduced strain rate
shows that, after a few collisions per particle, different initial states are
attracted to common "hydrodynamic" curves. Strong deviations from Maxwellian
properties are observed from the analysis of the cumulants and the marginal
distributions.Comment: 8 pages; 4 figures; contributed paper at the 28th International
Symposium on Rarefied Gas Dynamics (Zaragoza, Spain, July 9-13, 2012
Unsteady non-Newtonian hydrodynamics in granular gases
The temporal evolution of a dilute granular gas, both in a compressible flow
(uniform longitudinal flow) and in an incompressible flow (uniform shear flow),
is investigated by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method to solve
the Boltzmann equation. Emphasis is laid on the identification of a first
"kinetic" stage (where the physical properties are strongly dependent on the
initial state) subsequently followed by an unsteady "hydrodynamic" stage (where
the momentum fluxes are well-defined non-Newtonian functions of the rate of
strain). The simulation data are seen to support this two-stage scenario.
Furthermore, the rheological functions obtained from simulation are well
described by an approximate analytical solution of a model kinetic equation.Comment: 19 pages, 3 tables, 14 figure
A granular fluid modeled as a driven system of elastic hard spheres
Publicado en: The Physics of Complex Systems. New Advances and Perspectives, F. Mallamace and H. E. Stanley, eds. (IOS Press, Amsterdam, 2004), pp. 475-480
DOI: 10.3254/978-1-61499-011-6-475Exploramos la posibilidad de describir las principales propiedades de transporte de un gas granular por medio de un modelo que consiste en esferas duras elásticas bajo la acción de una fuerza de arrastre que imita el enfriamiento inelástico del gas granular. Simulaciones directas de Monte Carlo sobre la ecuación de Boltzmann muestran una buena concordancia entre los resultados para un gas de esferas duras inelásticas y las de un gas de esferas duras elásticas impulsadas en el estado de flujo de cizallamiento simple. Esta equivalencia aproximada entre ambos sistemas se aprovecha para extender los modelos cinéticos conocidos por colisiones elásticas al caso inelástico.We explore the possibility of describing the main transport properties of a granular gas by means of a model consisting of elastic hard spheres under the action of a drag force that mimics the inelastic cooling of the granular gas. Direct Monte Carlo simulations of the Boltzmann equation show a good agreement between the results for a gas of inelastic hard spheres and those for a gas of driven elastic hard spheres in the simple shear flow state. This approximate equivalence between both systems is exploited to extend known kinetic models for elastic collisions to the inelastic case
Uniform shear flow in dissipative gases. Computer simulations of inelastic hard spheres and (frictional) elastic hard spheres
In the preceding paper (cond-mat/0405252), we have conjectured that the main
transport properties of a dilute gas of inelastic hard spheres (IHS) can be
satisfactorily captured by an equivalent gas of elastic hard spheres (EHS),
provided that the latter are under the action of an effective drag force and
their collision rate is reduced by a factor (where is
the constant coefficient of normal restitution). In this paper we test the
above expectation in a paradigmatic nonequilibrium state, namely the simple or
uniform shear flow, by performing Monte Carlo computer simulations of the
Boltzmann equation for both classes of dissipative gases with a dissipation
range and two values of the imposed shear rate .
The distortion of the steady-state velocity distribution from the local
equilibrium state is measured by the shear stress, the normal stress
differences, the cooling rate, the fourth and sixth cumulants, and the shape of
the distribution itself. In particular, the simulation results seem to be
consistent with an exponential overpopulation of the high-velocity tail. The
EHS results are in general hardly distinguishable from the IHS ones if
, so that the distinct signature of the IHS gas (higher
anisotropy and overpopulation) only manifests itself at relatively high
dissipationsComment: 23 pages; 18 figures; Figs. 2 and 9 include new simulations; two new
figures added; few minor changes; accepted for publication in PR
System of elastic hard spheres which mimics the transport properties of a granular gas
The prototype model of a fluidized granular system is a gas of inelastic hard
spheres (IHS) with a constant coefficient of normal restitution . Using
a kinetic theory description we investigate the two basic ingredients that a
model of elastic hard spheres (EHS) must have in order to mimic the most
relevant transport properties of the underlying IHS gas. First, the EHS gas is
assumed to be subject to the action of an effective drag force with a friction
constant equal to half the cooling rate of the IHS gas, the latter being
evaluated in the local equilibrium approximation for simplicity. Second, the
collision rate of the EHS gas is reduced by a factor , relative
to that of the IHS gas. Comparison between the respective Navier-Stokes
transport coefficients shows that the EHS model reproduces almost perfectly the
self-diffusion coefficient and reasonably well the two transport coefficients
defining the heat flux, the shear viscosity being reproduced within a deviation
less than 14% (for ). Moreover, the EHS model is seen to agree
with the fundamental collision integrals of inelastic mixtures and dense gases.
The approximate equivalence between IHS and EHS is used to propose kinetic
models for inelastic collisions as simple extensions of known kinetic models
for elastic collisionsComment: 20 pages; 6 figures; change of title; few minor changes; accepted for
publication in PR
Eficacia de la actuación de los payasos sobre el miedo a procedimientos dolorosos en oncohematología pediátrica
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the performance of a couple of hospital clowns on the fear response in patients in Oncohematology unit before applying a painful medical procedure (lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspiration).Patients and methods: 30 children aged 3-11 years-old (M = 6.93, SD = 2.78) underwent lumbar puncture or bone marrow aspirate in the ‘Virgen de la Arrixaca’ Hospital. The assessment consisted of the administration of: 5-Facial scale, the observation scale “modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale” (m-YPAS), and physiological measures of pulse and mean blood pressure.Results: In the between-subjects-analysis, statistically significant differences in all measures, except for the scale of faces, after the performance of hospital clowns was obtained. After the hospital clowns left, groups were matched on their scores. In the within-subject analysis, significant differences between pretest and posttest were achieved in all measures for the control group.The effect size analysis indicates values on the Facial scale d = 0.22 (small effect size) and large effect size for pulse (d = 1.02), mean arterial pressure (d = 1.20), and the m-YPAS scale (d=0.99), before application of painful medical procedure.Conclusions: The presence of clowns helps to reduce the fear in the application of painful procedures. However, this effect is short-term, because after hospital clown leaves differences disappear between groups</p
Transport coefficients for inelastic Maxwell mixtures
The Boltzmann equation for inelastic Maxwell models is used to determine the
Navier-Stokes transport coefficients of a granular binary mixture in
dimensions. The Chapman-Enskog method is applied to solve the Boltzmann
equation for states near the (local) homogeneous cooling state. The mass, heat,
and momentum fluxes are obtained to first order in the spatial gradients of the
hydrodynamic fields, and the corresponding transport coefficients are
identified. There are seven relevant transport coefficients: the mutual
diffusion, the pressure diffusion, the thermal diffusion, the shear viscosity,
the Dufour coefficient, the pressure energy coefficient, and the thermal
conductivity. All these coefficients are {\em exactly} obtained in terms of the
coefficients of restitution and the ratios of mass, concentration, and particle
sizes. The results are compared with known transport coefficients of inelastic
hard spheres obtained analytically in the leading Sonine approximation and by
means of Monte Carlo simulations. The comparison shows a reasonably good
agreement between both interaction models for not too strong dissipation,
especially in the case of the transport coefficients associated with the mass
flux.Comment: 9 figures, to be published in J. Stat. Phy
Estudio mediante la teoría cinética de medios granulares en régimen de flujo rápido
En esta tesis se abordará el estudio de las propiedades dinámicas y de
transporte en medios granulares en condiciones de flujo rápido. Se utilizará una
descripción basada en la mecánica estadística y en la teoría cinética y se emplearán
técnicas analíticas, numéricas y de simulación en ordenador