16 research outputs found
Comprehensive Treatment Algorithms of the Swiss Peritoneal Cancer Group for Peritoneal Cancer of Gastrointestinal Origin
Peritoneal cancer (PC) is a dire finding, yet in selected patients, long-term survival is possible. Complete cytoreductive surgery (CRS) together with combination immunochemotherapy is essential to achieve cure. Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) and pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy (PIPAC) are increasingly added to the multimodal treatment. The Swiss Peritoneal Cancer Group (SPCG) is an interdisciplinary group of expert clinicians. It has developed comprehensive treatment algorithms for patients with PC from pseudomyxoma peritonei, peritoneal mesothelioma, gastric, and colorectal origin. They include multimodal neoadjuvant treatment, surgical resection, and palliative care. The indication for and results of CRS HIPEC and PIPAC are discussed in light of the current literature. Institutional volume and clinical expertise required to achieve best outcomes are underlined, while inclusion of patients considered for CRS HIPEC and PIPAC in a clinical registry is strongly advised. The present recommendations are in line with current international guidelines and provide the first comprehensive treatment proposal for patients with PC including intraperitoneal chemotherapy. The SPCG comprehensive treatment algorithms provide evidence-based guidance for the multimodal care of patients with PC of gastrointestinal origin that were endorsed by all Swiss clinicians routinely involved in the multimodal care of these challenging patients
A Phase Ib Study of the Combination of Personalized Autologous Dendritic Cell Vaccine, Aspirin, and Standard of Care Adjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Nivolumab for Resected Pancreatic AdenocarcinomaâA Proof of Antigen Discovery Feasibility in Three Patients
Despite the promising therapeutic effects of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), most patients with solid tumors treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy do not achieve objective responses, with most tumor regressions being partial rather than complete. It is hypothesized that the absence of pre-existing antitumor immunity and/or the presence of additional tumor immune suppressive factors at the tumor microenvironment are responsible for such therapeutic failures. It is therefore clear that in order to fully exploit the potential of PD-1 blockade therapy, antitumor immune response should be amplified, while tumor immune suppression should be further attenuated. Cancer vaccines may prime patients for treatments with ICB by inducing effective anti-tumor immunity, especially in patients lacking tumor-infiltrating T-cells. These "non-inflamed" non-permissive tumors that are resistant to ICB could be rendered sensitive and transformed into "inflamed" tumor by vaccination. In this article we describe a clinical study where we use pancreatic cancer as a model, and we hypothesize that effective vaccination in pancreatic cancer patients, along with interventions that can reprogram important immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment, can enhance tumor immune recognition, thus enhancing response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. We incorporate into the schedule of standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy adjuvant setting a vaccine platform comprised of autologous dendritic cells loaded with personalized neoantigen peptides (PEP-DC) identified through our own proteo-genomics antigen discovery pipeline. Furthermore, we add nivolumab, an antibody against PD-1, to boost and maintain the vaccine's effect. We also demonstrate the feasibility of identifying personalized neoantigens in three pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, and we describe their optimal incorporation into long peptides for manufacturing into vaccine products. We finally discuss the advantages as well as the scientific and logistic challenges of such an exploratory vaccine clinical trial, and we highlight its novelty
Thrombocytose: facteur pronostique dans le cancer ovarien de type séreux de stade III et IV.
Introduction
Le cancer ovarien est la 4eme cause de mortalité chez les femmes. Il demeure malheureusement trop souvent diagnostiqué à un stade avancé (70% des cas aux stades III ou IV) et le pronostic reste sombre malgré les progrÚs de la chimiothérapie et des thérapies ciblées. La thrombocytose (> 350 x 109 / L, N=150-350 * 109 / L) est un facteur pronostique défavorable dans de nombreux types de cancer. Nous avons étudié si la présence d'une thrombocytose au diagnostic chez les femmes atteintes d'un cancer ovarien de type séreux de stade III et IV était un possible facteur pronostique.
MĂ©thodologie :
Nous avons réalisé une analyse rétrospective de 91 patientes diagnostiquées d'un cancer de l'ovaire de type séreux de stade III et IV traitées au CHUV entre 2002 et 2012. Nous avons comparé la survie globale et la survie sans progression chez des patientes avec des taux de plaquettes normaux à celle des patientes atteintes de thrombocytose.
RĂ©sultats :
Dans notre étude, l'ùge moyen des patientes était de 66 ans. Sur les 91 patientes, 52 (57,1%) présentaient un taux de plaquettes normal (médiane : 273 x 109/ L) au moment du diagnostic et 39 patientes (42,9%) avaient une thrombocytose (médiane: 463 x 109/ L). Parmi les patientes avec une numération plaquettaire normale, 24 d'entre elles sont décédées avec une médiane de survie de 43 mois. Dans le groupe avec thrombocytose au diagnostic, 24 patientes sont décédées avec une médiane de survie de 23 mois. La différence de survie globale et de survie sans progression entre les deux groupes est statistiquement significative, respectivement de p= 0,02 et de p = 0,007.
Conclusion :
Dans cette analyse rétrospective de patientes atteintes de cancer ovarien de type séreux de stade III et IV, une thrombocytose au moment du diagnostic semble avoir une valeur pronostique sur la survie globale et la survie sans progression
Organoids: A New Chapter in Sarcoma Diagnosis and Treatment
Sarcomas are malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin that can occur at any age. The rarity of these tumors in combination with the vast number of histological subtypes render the study of sarcomas challenging. Organoids represent complex three-dimensional cell culture systems, deriving from stem cells and preserving the capacity to differentiate into the cell types of their tissue of origin. The aim of the present review is to study the current status of patient-derived organoids, as well as their potential to model tumorigenesis and perform drug screenings for sarcomas. In order to identify relevant studies, a literature review was conducted and we were able to identify 16 studies published between 2019 and 2022. The current manuscript represents the first comprehensive review of the literature focusing on the use of organoids for disease modelling and drug sensitivity testing in diverse sarcoma subtypes
Immunotherapy for Esophageal Cancer: State-of-the Art in 2021
Simple Summary The aim of this review was to describe the rationale for
immunotherapy in different stages of esophageal cancer (EC) treatment,
with a particular accent on curative intent treatment of locally
advanced disease for the two predominant histological types
(adenocarcinoma and squamous cell cancer). In addition to the already
existing literature on immunotherapy for advanced and metastatic stages
of EC, the current study provides a comprehensive review of the leading
ongoing trials in 2021 with a focus on earlier stages of treatment in
neo adjuvant and adjuvant settings. The management of esophageal cancer
(EC) has experienced manifold changes during the last decades.
Centralization of EC treatment has been introduced in many countries,
subsequently allowing the development of specialized high-volume
centers. Minimal invasive surgery has replaced open surgery in many
centers, whereas more potent systemic treatments have been introduced in
clinical practice. Newer chemotherapy regimens increase long-term
survival. Nevertheless, the overall survival of EC patients remains
dismal for advanced tumor stages. In this direction, a wide range of
targeted biologic agents (immunotherapy) is currently under assessment.
Anti- Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2) monoclonal
antibodies are used in HER2 (+) tumors, predominantly
well-differentiated adenocarcinomas, and are currently assessed in the
neoadjuvant setting (TRAP, INNOVATION trials). Immune checkpoint
inhibitors Nivolumab (ATTRACTION-03) and pembrolizumab (KEYNOTE-181),
have demonstrated a survival benefit compared with conventional
chemotherapy in heavily pre-treated progressive disease. More recently,
CheckMate-577 showed very promising results for nivolumab in a curative
adjuvant setting, improving disease-free survival mainly for esophageal
squamous cell carcinoma. Several ongoing trials are investigating novel
targeted agents in the preoperative setting of locally advanced EC. In
addition, other immunomodulatory approaches such as peptide vaccines and
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are currently under development
and should be increasingly integrated into clinical practice
Clear cell sarcoma: state-of-the art and perspectives
Introduction: Clear cell sarcoma (CCS) is an ultra-rare soft tissue sarcoma (STS) with a poor prognosis due to propensity to metastasize and its low chemosensitivity. The standard treatment of localized CCS consists of wide surgical excision with or without additive radiotherapy. On the other hand, unresectable CCS is generally treated with conventional systemic therapies available for treatment of STS despite the weak scientific evidence to support its use. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss the clinicopathologic characteristics of CSS, as well as the current treatment landscape and future therapeutic approaches. Expert opinion: The current treatment strategy of advanced CCSs, based on STSs regimens, shows a lack of effective options. Combination therapies, in particular the association of immunotherapy and TKIs, represent a promising approach. Translational studies are needed in order to decipher the regulatory mechanisms involved in the oncogenesis of this ultra-rare sarcoma and identify potential molecular targets
Hepatocellular carcinoma abutting large vessels: comparison of four percutaneous ablation systems
99mTc-macroaggregated albumin SPECT/CT predictive dosimetry and dose-response relationship in uveal melanoma liver metastases treated with first-line selective internal radiation therapy
Abstract First-line selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) showed promising outcomes in patients with uveal melanoma liver metastases (UMLM). Patient survival depends on liverâs disease control. SIRT planning is essential and little is known about dosimetry. We investigated whether 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT dosimetry could predict absorbed doses (AD) evaluated on 90Y-PET/CT and assess the doseâresponse relationship in UMLM patients treated with first-line SIRT. This IRB-approved, single-center, retrospective analysis (prospectively collected cohort) included 12 patients (median age 63y, range 43â82). Patients underwent MRI/CT, 18F-FDG-PET/CT before and 3â6 months post-SIRT, and 90Y-PET/CT immediately post-SIRT. Thirty-two target lesions were included. AD estimates in tumor and non-tumor liver were obtained from 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT and post-SIRT 90Y-PET/CT, and assessed with Linâs concordance correlation coefficients (Ï c and C b), Pearsonâs coefficient correlation (Ï), and BlandâAltman analyses (mean differenceâ±âstandard deviation; 95% limits-of-agreement (LOA)). Influence of tumor characteristics and microsphere type on AD was analyzed. Tumor response was assessed according to size-based, enhancement-based and metabolic response criteria. Mean target lesion AD was 349 Gy (range 46â1586 Gy). Concordance between 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT and 90Y-PET/CT tumor dosimetry improved upon dose correction for the recovery coefficient (RC) (Ïâ=â0.725, Ï câ=â0.703, C bâ=â0.969) with good agreement (mean difference: ââ4.93â±â218.3 Gy, 95%LOA: ââ432.8â422.9). Without RC correction, concordance was better for resin microspheres (Ïâ=â0.85, Ï câ=â0.998, C bâ=â0.849) and agreement was very good between predictive 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT and 90Y-PET/CT dosimetry (mean difference: ââ4.05â±â55.9 Gy; 95%LOA: ââ113.7â105.6). After RC correction, 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT dosimetry overestimated AD (ââ70.9â±â158.9 Gy; 95%LOA: ââ382.3â240.6). For glass microspheres, concordance markedly improved with RC correction (Ïâ=â0.790, Ï câ=â0.713, C bâ=â0.903 vs without correction: Ïâ=â0.395, Ï câ=â0.244, C bâ=â0.617) and 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT dosimetry underestimated AD (148.9â±â267.5 Gy; 95%LOA: ââ375.4â673.2). For non-tumor liver, concordance was good between 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT and 90Y-PET/CT dosimetry (Ïâ=â0.942, Ï câ=â0.852, C bâ=â0.904). 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT slightly overestimated liver AD for resin (3.4â±â3.4 Gy) and glass (11.5â±â13.9 Gy) microspheres. Tumor AD was not correlated with baseline or post-SIRT lesion characteristics and no doseâresponse threshold could be identified. 99mTc-MAA-SPECT/CT dosimetry provides good estimates of AD to tumor and non-tumor liver in UMLM patients treated with first-line SIRT