Charged black holes in Einsteinian cubic gravity and nonuniqueness

Black holes are the simplest objects in the universe. They correspond to extreme deformations of spacetime geometry, and can exist even devoid of matter. In general relativity, (electro)vacuum black holes are uniquely determined by their mass, charge and angular momentum. This feature follows from a uniqueness theorem, which can be evaded if one considers higher dimensions or matter fields coupled to gravity. Here we find that Einsteinian cubic gravity, a well-motivated modification of Einstein gravity that includes third-order curvature corrections in accordance with low-energy effective theory expectations, admits black hole solutions with charge greater than mass, when minimally coupled to a Maxwell field. Moreover, we find that, in this regime, there can be two asymptotically flat black holes with the same charge and mass, posing the first example of vacuum black hole nonuniqueness in four dimensions that is free from pathologies. Examination of these black hole's thermodynamics reveals that when two branches coexist only the larger black hole is thermodynamically stable, while the smaller branch has negative specific heat. Einsteinian cubic gravity unveils two further surprising features. The charged black holes do not possess an inner horizon, in contrast with the usual Reissner-Nordstr\"om spacetime, thus avoiding the need to resort to strong cosmic censorship to uphold determinism. In addition to black holes, there exists a one-parameter family of naked singularity spacetimes sharing the same mass and charge as the former, but not continuously connected with them. These naked singularities exist in the under-extremal regime, being present even in pure (uncharged) Einsteinian cubic gravity.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures; v2: matches published version, slightly expanded introduction, perturbative analysis moved from appendix to main text, added references, results unchange

Like grandparents, like parents: Empirical evidence and psychoanalytic thinking on the transmission of parenting styles

The authors discuss the issue of intergenerational transmission of parenting from an empirical and psychoanalytic perspective. After presenting a framework to explain their conception of parenting, they describe intergenerational transmission of parenting as a key to interpreting and eventually changing parenting behaviors. Then they present (1) the empirical approach aimed at determining if there is actually a stability across generations that contributes to harsh parenting and eventually maltreatment and (2) the psyphoanalytic thinking that seeks to explain the continuity in terms of representations and clinical phenomena. The authors also discuss the relationship between the attachment and the caregiving systems and hypothesize a common base for the two systems in childhood experience. Finally, they propose the psychoanalytic perspective as a fruitful theoretical framework to integrate the evidence for the neurophysiological mediators and moderators of intergenerational transmission. Psychoanalytically informed research can provide clinically relevant insights and hypotheses to be tested

Procesamiento intraoracional de pronombres reflexivos en ninos con trastorno especifico del lenguaje

61 p.Los niños con Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje (TEL) suelen presentar dificultades a nivel de la morfosintaxis. Entre otros aspectos, manifiestan problemas en el procesamiento de los pronombres reflexivos. El presente estudio está dirigido a estudiar este aspecto en niños con TEL a través de la aplicación del Test de Referencia Pronominal Sintáctica. Estudios previos sobre este tema en el habla inglesa utilizando esta misma prueba indican que los niños con TEL presentan un desempeño inferior en el procesamiento de los pronombres reflexivos que sus controles. El propósito de este estudio fue conocer el rendimiento de los niños con TEL de lengua española en el procesamiento intraoracional de pronombres reflexivos. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que los niños con TEL de habla española presentan un rendimiento inferior en el procesamiento intraoracional de pronombres reflexivos, lo que se podría relacionar con un déficit representacional para las relaciones de dependencia sintáctica. Palabras Clave: Trastorno Específico del Lenguaje, Pronombres Reflexivos, Test de Referencia Pronominal Sintáctic

Symptom burden and life challenges reported by adult chordoma patients and their caregivers

PURPOSE: This study aims to characterize the symptom burden and life challenges that chordoma patients and their caregivers experience. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed data from the Chordoma Foundation online community survey conducted in 2014. Frequency counts and percentages were calculated to determine the prevalence of self-reported symptoms and life challenges in the sample. We used Fisher's exact test to compare self-reported symptoms among subgroups with different disease status, tumor locations, and treatments received. RESULTS: Among the survey participants, 358 identified themselves as chordoma patients and 208 as caregivers. The majority of the patients were over 45 years (72%), male (56%), educated beyond high school degree (87%), and from North America (77%). Skull base was the most prevalent tumor location (40%). Chronic pain (38%) was the most commonly reported symptom followed by depression or severe anxiety (35%), and chronic fatigue (34%). Among patients, the most commonly-reported challenges included delayed diagnosis (37%), long-term disability (33%), and change in career or reduced ability to work (33%). For caregivers, grief (55%), delayed diagnosis (47%), and difficulty helping the patient cope with his or her disease (45%) were most common. CONCLUSIONS: Our study findings suggest a high symptom burden and life challenges among chordoma patients and their caregivers. This study provides preliminary, limited estimates of the prevalence of a wide range of self-reported symptoms and challenges that will inform the assessment of patient-reported outcomes in future clinical trials and help clinicians better manage chordoma patients' symptoms

Do Mothers Have A More Difficult Time Coping With Their Child\u27s Challenging Behaviors When They Were Using Drugs, Than They Do When They Are Sober

The research focus of this study hoped to answer: “Do mothers have a more difficult time coping with their child’s challenging behaviors when they were using drugs, than they do when they are sober?” Mothers using street drugs may have challenges with their children after using drugs, whether illegal or legal (like alcohol or methadone). Mothers may have challenges during drug use with these children, but are the challenges the same once mothers are clean and sober? This research took on the positivist paradigm in hopes to answer this question. The researcher got an understanding of these challenges by asking questions about the drugs used during and after pregnancy, and the challenges they had with their child’s behavior while using drugs as opposed to the challenges they have with child’s behavior while sober. These questions were asked at the Coachella Valley Rescue Mission where many women are referred and mandated by the courts, or Child Protective Services, behind past or current substance use. Results of these findings indicated that there was a reduction in problematic behaviors that seemed to be correlated with mother’s sobriet

A prospective examination of sex differences in posttraumatic autonomic functioning

BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies have found that individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) exhibit deficits in autonomic functioning. While PTSD rates are twice as high in women compared to men, sex differences in autonomic functioning are relatively unknown among trauma-exposed populations. The current study used a prospective design to examine sex differences in posttraumatic autonomic functioning. METHODS: 192 participants were recruited from emergency departments following trauma exposure ( RESULTS: 2-week systolic BP was significantly higher in men, while 2-week HR was significantly higher in women, and a sex by PTSD interaction suggested that women who developed PTSD demonstrated the highest HR levels. Two-week HF-HRV was significantly lower in women, and a sex by PTSD interaction suggested that women with PTSD demonstrated the lowest HF-HRV levels. Skin conductance response in the emergency department was associated with 2-week HR and HF-HRV only among women who developed PTSD. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that there are notable sex differences in autonomic functioning among trauma-exposed individuals. Differences in sympathetic biomarkers (BP and HR) may have implications for cardiovascular disease risk given that sympathetic arousal is a mechanism implicated in this risk among PTSD populations. Future research examining differential pathways between PTSD and cardiovascular risk among men versus women is warranted

A systematic review of patient reported outcomes in phase II or III clinical trials of myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemia

The purpose of this systematic literature review was to identify clinical trials of MDS and AML that included patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments, and to summarize the symptom and other health related quality of life (HRQOL) concepts most frequently assessed and the PRO instruments that were used. Sixteen manuscripts describing 14 distinct trials met all criteria (i.e., phase 2 or 3 clinical trial for MDS or AML which included PRO assessment) and were published between 1996-2017. In trials evaluating anemia, PRO scores showed significant improvement in relevant domains (e.g. fatigue, function) among patients identified as responders. In trials evaluating the impact of anti-cancer therapies, improvements the baseline to end of treatment were observed in physical functioning and HRQOL, however the rates of missing data in many of the trials was high or unreported. PRO instruments have the ability to capture changes over time in patients’ function and well-being, and PRO instruments and guidance documents are available to support the assessment of HRQOL in AML/MDS clinical trials

Black hole-wormhole collisions and the emergence of islands

We use ray-tracing techniques to determine the evolution of the event horizon of a large black hole that ``gobbles'' a tiny, traversable wormhole. This calculation has physical meaning in the extreme mass ratio limit. Two setups are considered: a single-mouth wormhole connecting two otherwise independent universes, and a double-mouth zero-length wormhole within the same universe. In the first setting it turns out that, at early times, there exist two disconnected horizons, one in each universe, which then merge as the wormhole falls into the large black hole. In the second setup, we observe the appearance of an `island', a region of spacetime that is spatially disconnected from the exterior of the black hole, but in causal contact with future null infinity. The island shrinks as time evolves and eventually disappears after sufficient time has elapsed, as compared to the distance between the two mouths. This provides a communication channel with the interior of the large black hole for a certain time interval. We compute numerically the lifetime of the island and verify that it depends linearly on the inter-mouth distance. Extending the analysis to wormholes with finite length, we show that the achronal averaged null energy condition prevents the appearance of islands.Comment: 15 pages, 10 figure

Solid State Proton Spin Relaxation in Ethylbenzenes: Methyl Reorientation Barriers and Molecular Structure

We have investigated the dynamics of the ethyl groups and their constituent methyl groups in polycrystalline ethylbenzene (EB), 1,2-diethylbenzene (1,2-DEB), 1,3-DEB, and 1,4-DEB using the solid state proton spin relaxation (SSPSR) technique. The temperature and Larmor frequency dependence of the Zeeman spin-lattice relaxation rate is reported and interpreted in terms of the molecular dynamics. We determine that only the methyl groups are reorienting on the nuclear magnetic resonance time scale. The observed barrier of about 12 kJ/mol for methyl group reorientation in the solid samples of EB, 1,2-DEB, and 1,3-DEB is consistent with that of the isolated molecule, implying that in the solid state, intermolecular electrostatic interactions play a minor role in determining the barrier. The lower barrier of 9.3 +/- 0.2 kJ/mol for the more symmetric 1,4-DEB suggests that the crystal structure is such that the minimum in the anisotropic part of the intramolecular potential is raised by the intermolecular interactions leading to a 3 kJ/mol decrease in the total barrier. We are able to conclude that the methyl group is well away from the plane of the benzene ring (most likely orthogonal to it) in all four molecules, and that in 1,2-DEB, the two ethyl groups are in the anticonfiguration. Our SSPSR results are compared with the results obtained by microwave spectroscopy and supersonic molecular jet laser spectroscopy, both of which determine molecular geometry better than SSPSR, but neither of which can determine ground electronic state barriers for these molecules

Experimental assessment of a new form of scaling law for near-wall turbulence

Scaling laws and intermittency in the wall region of a turbulent flow are addressed by analyzing moderate Reynolds number data obtained by single component hot wire anemometry in the boundary layer of a flat plate. The paper aims in particular at the experimental validation of a new form of refined similarity recently proposed for the shear dominated range of turbulence, where the classical Kolmogorov-Oboukhov inertial range theory is inappropriate. An approach inspired to the extended self-similarity allows for the extraction of the different power laws for the longitudinal structure functions at several wall normal distances. A double scaling regime is found in the logarithmic region, confirming previous experimental results. Approaching the wall, the scaling range corresponding to the classical cascade-dominated range tends to disappear and, in the buffer layer, a single power law is found to describe the available range of scales. The double scaling is shown to be associated with two different forms of refined similarity. The classical form holds below the shear scale L s . The other, originally introduced on the basis of DNS data for a turbulent channel, is experimentally confirmed to set up above L s . Given the experimental diffulties in the evaluation of the instantaneous dissipation rate, some care is devoted to check that its one-dimensional surrogate does not bias the results. The increased intermittency as the wall is approached is experimentally found entirely consistent with the failure of the refined Kolmogorov-Oboukhov similarity and the establishment of its new form near the wall.Comment: 27 pages, 9 figure