Megaphylogeny resolves global patterns of mushroom evolution

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Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Pěstování luskovino-obilných směsek v ekologickém zemědělství. Výsledky pokusů na vybraných ekofarmách v ČR

Luskovino-obilné směsky (LOS) mají v zemědělství dlouhou tradici jako součást osevního fotopostupu na orné půdě a zlepšení krmivové základny. LOS představují výbornou předplodinu v osevním postupu, mají pozitivní vliv na kvalitu půdy, jsou odolnější proti chorobám a škůdcům, potlačují plevely a obohacují půdu o dusík. Jedná se o celou řadu otázek, od volby druhů a odrůd plodin a jejich vzájemného poměru při pěstování přes experimentální ověření vlivu na výskyt chorob, škůdců a plevelů, až po kvalitu a výživnou hodnotu produkce a ekonomiku. Zkušeností a poznatků s pěstováním LOS v podmínkách konvenčního zemědělství je poměrně velké množství, naproti tomu prakticky využitelných a experimentálně ověřených poznatků v podmínkách ekologického zemědělství je naprostý nedostatek. Tento stav dal podnět k formulaci dvou výzkumných projektů, které experimentálně ověřují využití LOS v ekologickém zemědělství na vybraných ekofarmách v ČR a jejichž průběžné výsledky jsou shrnuty v této publikaci. Tato publikace je snahou o souhrn všech dosud známých informací pro praxi

A multi-purpose user interface for the iFDAQ of the COMPASS experiment

In HEP experiments, remote access to control systems is one of the fundamental pillars of efficient operations. At the same time, development of user interfaces with emphasis on usability can be one of the most labor-intensive software tasks to be undertaken in the life cycle of an experiment. While desirable, the development and maintenance of a large variety of interfaces (e.g., desktop control interface, web monitoring interface, development API...) is often simply not feasible, as far as manpower is concerned. We present a solution employed in the control software of the iFDAQ of the COMPASS experiment at CERN. Being a mix of a command-line and terminal tool, this interface can fulfill the roles of a dynamic monitoring interface, a control interface, and a scripting API simultaneously. Furthermore, it can easily be used as a remote access tool for operations experts, needing nearly no setup user-side and being compatible with smartphones. We also discuss the methodology and results of a concrete use case – automated run control for performance tests of the iFDAQ readout software

A multi-purpose user interface for the iFDAQ of the COMPASS experiment

In HEP experiments, remote access to control systems is one of the fundamental pillars of efficient operations. At the same time, development of user interfaces with emphasis on usability can be one of the most labor-intensive software tasks to be undertaken in the life cycle of an experiment. While desirable, the development and maintenance of a large variety of interfaces (e.g., desktop control interface, web monitoring interface, development API...) is often simply not feasible, as far as manpower is concerned. We present a solution employed in the control software of the iFDAQ of the COMPASS experiment at CERN. Being a mix of a command-line and terminal tool, this interface can fulfill the roles of a dynamic monitoring interface, a control interface, and a scripting API simultaneously. Furthermore, it can easily be used as a remote access tool for operations experts, needing nearly no setup user-side and being compatible with smartphones. We also discuss the methodology and results of a concrete use case – automated run control for performance tests of the iFDAQ readout software

Triggerless data acquisition system for the AMBER experiment

We developed a novel free-running data acquisition system for the AMBER experiment. The system features a hybrid architecture containing a scalable FPGA-based system for data collection and conventional distributed computing for data reduction. The current implementation can collect up to 10 GB/s sustained data rate. The FPGA system substitutes high-performance networks by merging time-correlated data and distribution between computers. The data reduction is performed by a filtering farm decreasing the incoming data rate by a factor of 50 to 100-200 MB/s. The filtering framework implements various data reduction algorithms for different physics programs. These algorithms perform partial data decoding, time, and spatial analysis of the data in order to select predefined event topology in a semi-online manner. Our system also performs continuous and iterative time calibration of detectors, which is required by the continuously running acquisition system. Additionally, we developed a simulation tool able to emulate detector responses to particles passing the AMBER spectrometer and convert them into correctly formatted raw data. These generated data are used to test and validate the readout chain and the filtering framework. The entire system will be tested with a limited number of detectors this year. The first physics run is planned for 2024

The spectrum of ammonia near 0.793 μm

Two sets of NH3 absorption spectra covering the 0.793 μm region are recorded using two Bruker IFS 125 HR Fourier transform spectrometers. Three unapodized absorption spectra are recorded in Brussels over the range 11000−14500 cm−1 and the positions and intensities of 1114 ammonia lines observed in the 12491−12810 cm−1 region are measured using a multi-spectrum least squares fitting algorithm. 367 additional lines are identified in an ammonia absorption spectrum recorded in two steps at the J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry in Prague, using two different interference filters covering the 12000−12500 and 12400−13000 cm−1 ranges. The 1481 measured ammonia lines are analyzed using an empirical line list computed using variational nuclear motion calculations and ground state combination differences. Transitions are assigned to vibrational states with 4νNH stretching excitation (v1+v3=4). 278 out of the 1481 measured lines are assigned to 300 transitions and 119 upper state energy levels are derived from the frequencies of the assigned transitions.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe