2,899 research outputs found
The Wigner-Fokker-Planck equation: Stationary states and large-time behavior
We consider the linear Wigner-Fokker-Planck equation subject to confining
potentials which are smooth perturbations of the harmonic oscillator potential.
For a certain class of perturbations we prove that the equation admits a unique
stationary solution in a weighted Sobolev space. A key ingredient of the proof
is a new result on the existence of spectral gaps for Fokker-Planck type
operators in certain weighted -spaces. In addition we show that the steady
state corresponds to a positive density matrix operator with unit trace and
that the solutions of the time-dependent problem converge towards the steady
state with an exponential rate.Comment: This manuscript essentially replaces (and corrects a mistake found
in) the submission arXiv:0707.2445, by establishing a new functional
framework and new spectral estimate
El dopatge: Una ruleta Russa
El dopatge ha perjudicat reputacions de grans esportistes al llarg de la histĂČria, ha destruĂŻtcarreres victorioses i vides senceres. PerĂČ tot i ser plenament conscients dels perills, tantpsĂquics com fĂsics, que acompanyen el consum de substĂ ncies prohibides, cada poquessetmanes apareixen als mitjans de comunicaciĂł notĂcies sobre desqualificacions i sancions aatletes pels seus resultats positius en tests de substĂ ncies dopants. QuĂš Ă©s el que empenyaquests professionals a creuar aquesta delicada lĂnia? Quin Ă©s el preu a pagar? I quins sĂłn elsnous reptes dels equips de metges i cientĂfics interessats a expandir els lĂmits humans en lacompeticiĂł esportiva
Ultrafast Molecular Transport on Carbon Surfaces: The Diffusion of Ammonia on Graphite
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study of the
self-diffusion of ammonia on exfoliated graphite. Using neutron time-of-flight
spectroscopy we are able to resolve the ultrafast diffusion process of adsorbed
ammonia, NH, on graphite. Together with van der Waals corrected density
functional theory calculations we show that the diffusion of NH follows a
hopping motion on a weakly corrugated potential energy surface with an
activation energy of about 4 meV which is particularly low for this type of
diffusive motion. The hopping motion includes further a significant number of
long jumps and the diffusion constant of ammonia adsorbed on graphite is
determined with D=3.9 \cdot 10^{-8}~\mbox{m}^2 /\mbox{s} at 94 K
Functionalized alginate microparticles for fluid flow visualization
Several methods are available for measuring the fluid movement in experimental setups. One of the most used technique is the particle image velocimetry (PIV). This is an optical technique that indirectly measures the fluid velocity by measuring the displacement of some small particles that seeds the fluid. To obtain the velocity field, the zone of interest of the experimental setup is illuminated twice with a laser beam. Two consecutive images are obtained and the displacement of the particles can be calculated. Knowing the time difference between both images allow to compute the velocity. Appropriate flow seeding is particularly critical in PIV. Particles that follow the flow accordingly and scatter enough light must be used in order to obtain accurate velocity field of the flow. Therefore, particles should be as small as possible in order to ensure good tracking of the fluid motion and they should not be too small, since they will not scatter enough light.
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Konsequenzen technologischer Entwicklungen von Ver- und Entsorgungssystemen
Aufbauend auf den zuvor dargelegten wirtschaftstheoretischen Grundlagen der Regionalentwicklung befasst sich der Beitrag mit den aktuellen technischen und politischen Entwicklungen von stadttechnischen Ver- und Entsorgungssystemen und ihren Konsequenzen fĂŒr die Regionalentwicklung. Er fokussiert sich dabei auf die Energieversorgung als dem wichtigsten Treiber des technischen Fortschritts und die damit verbundenen gesellschaftlichen VerĂ€nderungen. Dabei wird festgestellt, dass die stadttechnischen Infrastrukturen, insbesondere die Energieversorgung, insgesamt zunehmend dezentraler organisiert sind. Lokal bzw. regional verankerte Akteure â vor allem kommunale Stadtwerke â sind gegenĂŒber national und international agierenden Unternehmen, die auf der Grundlage zentraler GroĂtechnologien arbeiten, im Vorteil, was die Umstellung auf eine stĂ€rker dezentralisierte Energieversorgung betrifft. Durch ihre lokale bzw. regionale Verankerung kann diese wesentliche Impulse fĂŒr die Regionalentwicklung geben. Rechtlich-institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen mĂŒssen noch verbessert werden, damit sich die Synergien zwischen einem zukunftsfĂ€higen Betrieb stadttechnischer Infrastrukturen und der Regionalentwicklung entfalten können. Unter Regionalentwicklung wird dabei eine vitale und robuste wirtschaftliche Entwicklung der Region verstanden, die â ĂŒberwiegend aus eigenen KrĂ€ften â dazu in der Lage ist, einen zukunftsfĂ€higen Strukturwandel zu realisieren, der nachhaltige BeschĂ€ftigung und Einkommen induziert, die Region attraktiv fĂŒr Menschen macht, die kreativen Potenziale hebt und die natĂŒrlichen, komparativen Produktionsvorteile nutzt. Der Einstieg in die Transformation stadttechnischer Infrastrukturen bietet die Chance, eine solche Entwicklung anzustoĂen bzw. sie zu verstĂ€rken.This paper builds on the previously explained basics of economic theory for regional development
to discuss current technical and political developments in municipal supply and
disposal systems and their consequences for regional development. The focus is on supply
of energy as the most important driver of technical progress and the associated changes
in the community. This leads to a conclusion that the technical municipal infrastructure is
increasingly decentralised, especially in respect of energy supply. With regard to a change to more decentralised energy supplies, players with only a local or regional presence, especially municipal energy suppliers, have an advantage over national and international companies based on major and centralised technical facilities. The local or regional base is more conducive
to making significant contributions to regional development. The legal framework
conditions for institutions must be improved to allow the synergies between sustainable
municipal technical infrastructures and regional development to reach full potential.
In this respect, regional development stands for energetic and robust regional economic
development based predominantly on local talent and, furthermore, with the ability to realise
sustainable structural change to initiate sustainable employment and income, render the
region attractive to people, enhance the creative potential and exploit the natural comparative
advantages of the product. Engagement in the technical transformation of municipal infrastructures offers the opportunity of initiating and enhancing such developments
Wirtschaftstheoretische Grundlagen der Regionalentwicklung
Um die Frage zu beantworten, welchen Einfluss stadttechnische Infrastrukturen auf die Regionalentwicklung nehmen können und umgekehrt, werden in diesem Beitrag zunĂ€chst Raumwirtschaftstheorien und Methoden der Messung von Entwicklung untersucht. Regionalentwicklung ist mehr als die wirtschaftliche Entwicklung einer Region, auch wenn diese unter den vielfĂ€ltigen Faktoren, aus denen sich Entwicklung zusammensetzt, eine wichtige Rolle als Garant fĂŒr Arbeit und Einkommen fĂŒr die Bevölkerung spielt. Daneben spielen Faktoren der gesellschaftlich-sozialen Dimension und der Umwelt-Dimension eine zentrale Rolle. All diese Faktoren stehen in Wechselwirkung zueinander. Wirtschaftliche Entwicklung wiederum ist ein dynamischer, sich selbst verstĂ€rkender Prozess, der sich aus vielen Faktoren der Entwicklung zusammensetzt. Die InnovationsfĂ€higkeit einer Region ist essenziell fĂŒr ihre wirtschaftliche Entwicklung. InnovationsfĂ€higkeit wiederum ist eher gegeben, wenn die lokalen Akteure vernetzt sind â das heiĂt, wenn sie miteinander in Kontakt stehen und einen Austausch pflegen
Structural basis of sterol recognition by human hedgehog receptor PTCH1
Hedgehog signaling is central in embryonic development and tissue regeneration. Disruption of the pathway is linked to genetic diseases and cancer. Binding of the secreted ligand, Sonic hedgehog (ShhN) to its receptor Patched (PTCH1) activates the signaling pathway. Here, we describe a 3.4-Ă
cryo-EM structure of the human PTCH1 bound to ShhNC24II, a modified hedgehog ligand mimicking its palmitoylated form. The membrane-embedded part of PTCH1 is surrounded by 10 sterol molecules at the inner and outer lipid bilayer portion of the protein. The annular sterols interact at multiple sites with both the sterol-sensing domain (SSD) and the SSD-like domain (SSDL), which are located on opposite sides of PTCH1. The structure reveals a possible route for sterol translocation across the lipid bilayer by PTCH1 and homologous transporters.ISSN:2375-254
Features of Pavement Damage due to Hyogo-ken Nanbu Earthquake
Translocation of the LYL1 oncogene are rare in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia, whereas the homologous TAL1 gene is rearranged in approximately 20% of patients. Previous gene-expression studies have identified an immature T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia subgroup with high LYL1 expression in the absence of chromosomal aberrations. Molecular characterization of a t(7;19)(q34;p13) in a pediatric T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient led to the identification of a translocation between the TRB@ and LYL1 loci. Similar to incidental T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia cases with synergistic, double translocations affecting TAL1/2 and LMO1/2 oncogenes, this LYL1-translocated patient also had an LMO2 rearrangement pointing to onco-genic cooperation between LYL1 and LMO2. In hierarchical cluster analyses based on gene-expression data, this sample consi
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