7 research outputs found
Why oral antiseptic mouth rinsing before sputum collection cannot reduce contamination rate of mycobacterial culture in Burkina-Faso
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis by culture in most
resource-limited settings is hampered by high contamination rate
varying up to 31%. Reduction of oral microorganism loads by mouth rinse
with antiseptic before sputum collection showed a reduction of
contamination. Moreover, knowing the characteristic of residual
contaminant microorganisms would be an asset to understand
contamination issues. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate
the effects of mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine on mycobacteria culture
contaminations and to characterize morphologically the residual
contaminants. Methods: We consecutively included 158 patients in a TB
center. Each of them supplied two sputa: The first before mouth rinse,
and the second after 60sec of mouth rinsing with chlorhexidine (0.1%).
Petroff method and Lowenstein-Jensen media were used for sputum
decontamination and inoculation respectively. The contamination rates
were compared, and the type of residual contaminants were characterized
and compared. Results: The contamination rate did not differ before and
after the mouth rinse (respectively 58/150 (39 %) vs 61/150 (41 %),
p=0.7). The major residual contaminants were Gram positive spore
forming bacteria (94%). Conclusion: Chlorhexidine mouth rinsing before
sputum collection did not reduce mycobacterial culture contamination
rate. This is probably due to spore forming bacteria, highlighted as
major residual contaminants. DOI:
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.3 Cite as: Kabore A,
Tranchot-Diallo J, Sanou A, Hien H, Daneau G, Gomgnimbou MK, Meda N,
Sangar\ue9 L. Why Oral antiseptic mouth rinsing before sputum
collection cannot reduce contamination rate of mycobacterial culture in
Burkina-Faso. Afri Health Sci. 2019;19(1): 1321-1328.
https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v19i1.
UPGMA tree based on the MIRU-VNTR (26 loci) and spoligotyping data.
<p>1, SB number = name of spoligotype based on <a href="http://www.Mbovis.org" target="_blank">http://www.Mbovis.org</a> database nomenclature; 2, RDAf1 = Genomic deletion specific to Af1 clonal complex; 3, The MIRU-VNTR patterns are detailed in <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003142#pntd-0003142-t002" target="_blank">table 2</a>.</p
Spoligotypes, MIRU-VNTR patterns and clonal complex identification of the <i>M. bovis</i> strains isolated in Burkina Faso.
1<p><b>▪</b>, presence of spacer; <b>□</b>, absence of spacer.</p>2<p>MIRU-VNTR loci: ETR A, ETR B, ETR C, ETR D, ETR E, QUB-11a, QUB-11b, QUB-3232, QUB-26, QUB-4156, MIRU 2, MIRU 10, MIRU 16, MIRU 20, MIRU 23, MIRU 24, MIRU 26, MIRU 27, MIRU 39, MIRU 40, Mtub 04, Mtub 21, Mtub 29, Mtub 30, Mtub 34, Mtub 39. NA = Not Available.</p>3<p>Af1 = African 1 clonal complex, Af5 = putative African 5 clonal complex.</p><p>Spoligotypes, MIRU-VNTR patterns and clonal complex identification of the <i>M. bovis</i> strains isolated in Burkina Faso.</p
Socio-demographic informations about hosts and <i>M. bovis</i> isolates.
a<p>specific to human hosts,</p>b<p>bovine study,</p>c<p>nationwide survey,</p>d<p>regional study.</p><p>Socio-demographic informations about hosts and <i>M. bovis</i> isolates.</p
Allelic diversity of the 26 MIRU-VNTR loci in <i>M. bovis</i> isolates from humans and livestock in Burkina Faso.<sup>*</sup>
<p>*Excluding one strain of the putative African 5 clonal complex that hasn't MIRU-VNTR data.</p><p>Af1 = African 1 clonal complex, Af5 = putative African 5 clonal complex.</p><p>Allelic diversity of the 26 MIRU-VNTR loci in <i>M. bovis</i> isolates from humans and livestock in Burkina Faso.<sup><a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0003142#nt108" target="_blank">*</a></sup></p
Lutte antiérosive
Face à la pression démographique et foncière dans les pays en développement, la productivité des terres connaît actuellement une forte baisse dans de nombreuses régions tropicales. Par ailleurs, la succession rapprochée des tempêtes cycloniques entraîne l'appauvrissement extrême de certaines populations du fait de la dégradation des terres et des inondations des plaines où se développent les principales agglomérations. Telles sont les problématiques étudiées par l'IRD et le réseau Érosion de l'AUF dont ce CD présente les derniers travaux. Initialement réunies dans la perspective d'un colloque à Haïti (annulé suite au séisme de 2010), les contributions publiées ici portent sur des études de cas à Haïti, mais aussi à Madagascar, au Maghreb ou au Vietnam, soit au total une soixantaine de communications et une série de documents récents issus des réflexions des experts. Structuré en six thèmes, ce CD constitue ainsi une source bibliographique précieuse pour les décideurs, les experts, les ONG, les acteurs de la société civile et les chercheurs concernés par la gestion durable de l'eau et la restauration de la productivité des sols (GCES)