Crossing the Border Historical and Linguistic Divides Among the Bunaq in Central Timor

The Bunaq are a Papuan language-speaking people straddling the border of Indonesian West Timor and independent East Timor. This paper looks at the history of the Bunaq as a “border“ people in Timor. “Border“ is interpreted here in two ways, as referring to: (i) a political division, the boundary line separating one country from another, and (ii) a linguistic division, the distinguishing line between Papuan and Austronesian languages. I examine the effect that the Bunaq position at the political and linguistic borders of Timor has had on the people and their language

A Genetic Basis for Luminal and Basal-Type Breast Cancer

In the Western world, breast cancer not only is the most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, but also the second leading cause of cancer death. Clinically, breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease. About two-thirds of breast cancer patients survive their disease, whereas, one-third of breast cancer patients will die of metastases of their primary cancer within 15 years from diagnosis. Therefore, it is important for clinicians to accurately predict the prognosis and most appropriate therapy for each breast cancer patient. However, appropriate molecular targets have as yet not been identified for most breast cancer subtypes, implying suboptimal treatment for a significant fraction of the breast cancer patients. Thus, a better understanding of the disease is needed to improve upon current methods to treat breast cancer patients. In this thesis, we set out to determine the genetic basis for the two major subtypes of breast cancer, by mutation screening of 27 known cancer genes in a model of human breast cancer cell lines. Two distinct mutation profiles were identified: a “luminal mutation profile” among luminal-type breast cancer cell lines and a “basal mutation profile” among basal-type breast cancer cell lines. The gene mutation profiles give insight in the mechanisms of breast carcinogenesis. For example, we found that mutation and hypermethylation of the E-cadherin gene, two mechanisms involved in tumor suppre

Fast and frugal framing effects?

Three experiments examine whether simple pair-wise comparison judgments, involving the “recognition heuristic” (Goldstein & Gigerenzer, 2002), are sensitive to implicit cues to the nature of the comparison required. Experiments 1 & 2 show that participants frequently choose the recognized option of a pair if asked to make “larger” judgments but are significantly less likely to choose the unrecognized option when asked to make “smaller” judgments. Experiment 3 demonstrates that, overall, participants consider recognition to be a more reliable guide to judgments of a magnitude criterion than lack of recognition and that this intuition drives the framing effect. These results support the idea that, when making pair-wise comparison judgments, inferring that the recognized item is large is simpler than inferring that the unrecognized item is small

Kajian Hukum Pelaksanaan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik Berdasarkan Undang-undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 Tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana Pengaturan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik dan bagaimana penerapan Keterbukaan Informasi Publik sebagai Hak Konstitusional berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 14 Tahun 2008 tentang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, disimpulkan: 1. Keberadaan Undang Undang Keterbukaan Informasi Publik (UU KIP) belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh masyarakat, karena tidak memahami aturan, dan kurangnya sosialisasi Pemerintah. 2. Belum semua daerah yang melaksanakan tanggungjawab keterbukaan Informasi Publik, yang dibuktikan dengan sebagian besar Pemerintah Daaerah belum memiliki Pejabat Pengelola Informasi dan Dokumentasi (PPID)

Elizabeth to Jim, 17 November 1961

Personal correspondenc

Photoexcited electron dynamics in Kondo insulators and heavy fermions

We have studied the photoexcited carrier relaxation dynamics in the Kondo insulator SmB6 and the heavy fermion metal YbAgCu4 as a function of temperature and excitation level. The dynamic response is found to be both strongly temperature dependent and nonlinear. The data are analyzed with a Rothwarf-Taylor bottleneck model, where the dynamics are governed by the presence of a narrow gap in the density of states near the Fermi level. The remarkable agreement with the model suggests that carrier relaxation in a broad class of heavy electron systems (both metals and insulators) is governed by the presence of a (weakly temperature dependent) hybridization gap.Comment: accepted for publication in Physical Review Letter

Assessing the potential impacts of a changing climate on the distribution of a rabies virus vector

Common vampire bats (Desmodus rotundus) occur throughout much of South America to northern MeÂxico. Vampire bats have not been documented in recent history in the United States, but have been documented within about 50 km of the U.S. state of Texas. Vampire bats feed regularly on the blood of mammals and can transmit rabies virus to native species and livestock, causing impacts on the health of prey. Thus cattle producers, wildlife management agencies, and other stakeholders have expressed concerns about whether vampire bats might spread into the southern United States. On the other hand, concerns about vampire- borne rabies can also result in wanton destruction at bat roosts in areas occupied by vampire bats, but also in areas not known to be occupied by this species. This can in turn negatively affect some bat roosts, populations, and species that are of conservation concern, including vampire bats. To better understand the current and possible future distribution of vampire bats in North America and help mitigate future cattle management problems, we used 7,094 vampire bat occurrence records from North America and species distribution modeling (SDM) to map the potential distribution of vampire bats in North America under current and future climate change scenarios. We analysed and mapped the potential distribution of this species using 5 approaches to species distribution modeling: logistic regression, multivariate adaptive regression splines, boosted regression trees, random forest, and maximum entropy. We then projected these models into 17 ªworst-caseº future climate scenarios for year 2070 to generate hypotheses about how the vampire bat distribution in North America might change in the future. Of the variables used in this analysis, minimum temperature of the coldest month had the highest variable importance using all 5 SDM approaches. These results suggest two potential near-future routes of vampire bat dispersal into the U. S., one via southern Texas, and a second into southern Florida. Some of our SDM models support the hypothesis that suitable habitat for vampire bats may currently exist in parts of the Mexico-U.S. borderlands, including extreme southern portions of Texas, as well as in southern Florida. However, this analysis also suggests that extensive expansion into the south-eastern and south-western U.S. over the coming ~60 years appears unlikely

SIVdrl detection in captive mandrills: are mandrills infected with a third strain of simian immunodeficiency virus?

A pol-fragment of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) that is highly related to SIVdrl-pol from drill monkeys (Mandrillus leucophaeus) was detected in two mandrills (Mandrillus sphinx) from Amsterdam Zoo. These captivity-born mandrills had never been in contact with drill monkeys, and were unlikely to be hybrids. Their mitochondrial haplotype suggested that they descended from founder animals in Cameroon or northern Gabon, close to the habitat of the drill. SIVdrl has once before been found in a wild-caught mandrill from the same region, indicating that mandrills are naturally infected with a SIVdrl-like virus. This suggests that mandrills are the first primate species to be infected with three strains of SIV: SIVmnd1, SIVmnd2, and SIVdrl