837 research outputs found
Optimising the signal-to-noise ratio in measurement of photon pairs with detector arrays
To evidence multimode spatial entanglement of spontaneous down-conversion,
detector arrays allow a full field measurement, without any a priori selection
of the paired photons. We show by comparing results of the recent literature
that electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) cameras allow, in the present state of
technology, the detection of quantum correlations with the best signal-to-noise
ratio (SNR), while intensified CCD (ICCD) cameras allow at best to identify
pairs. The SNR appears to be proportional to the square root of the number of
coherence cells in each image, or Schmidt number. Then, corrected estimates are
derived for extended coherence cells and not very low and not space-stationary
photon fluxes. Finally, experimental measurements of the SNR confirm our model
Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox in twin images
Spatially entangled twin photons provide both promising resources for modern
quantum information protocols, because of the high dimensionality of transverse
entanglement, and a test of the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen(EPR) paradox in its
original form of position versus impulsion. Usually, photons in temporal
coincidence are selected and their positions recorded, resulting in a priori
assumptions on their spatio-temporal behavior. Here, we record on two separate
electron-multiplying charge coupled devices (EMCCD) cameras twin images of the
entire flux of spontaneous down-conversion. This ensures a strict equivalence
between the subsystems corresponding to the detection of either position (image
or near-field plane) or momentum (Fourier or far-field plane). We report then
highest degree of paradox ever reported and show that this degree corresponds
to the number of independent degrees of freedom or resolution cells, of the
images
The impact of nonlocal response on metallo-dielectric multilayers and optical patch antennas
We analyze the impact of nonlocality on the waveguide modes of
metallo-dielectric multilayers and optical patch antennas, the latter formed
from metal strips closely spaced above a metallic plane. We model both the
nonlocal effects associated with the conduction electrons of the metal, as well
as the previously overlooked response of bound electrons. We show that the
fundamental mode of a metal-dielectric-metal waveguide, sometimes called the
gap-plasmon, is very sensitive to nonlocality when the insulating, dielectric
layers are thinner than 5 nm. We suggest that optical patch antennas, which can
easily be fabricated with controlled dielectric spacer layers and can be
interrogated using far-field scattering, can enable the measurement of
nonlocality in metals with good accuracy
Product Quality and Worker Quality
We study the relation between product quality and worker quality using an economic model that, under certain conditions, provides a direct link between product price, product quality and work force quality. Our measures of product quality are the evolution in the detailed product price relative to its product group and the level of the product price relative to this group. Our worker quality measures are the firm's average person effect and personal characteristics effect from individual wage rates. We find a very weak, generally positive, relation between worker quality and product quality using detailed firm-level data from the French Producer Price Index surveys.
Temporal ghost imaging with twin photons
We use twin photons generated by spontaneous parametric down conversion to perform temporal ghost imaging of a single time signal. The retrieval of a binary signal containing eight bits is performed with an error rate below 1%
Computational temporal ghost imaging
Ghost imaging is a fascinating process, where light interacting with an
object is recorded without resolution, but the shape of the object is
nevertheless retrieved, thanks to quantum or classical correlations of this
interacting light with either a computed or detected random signal. Recently,
ghost imaging has been extended to a time object, by using several thousands
copies of this periodic object. Here, we present a very simple device, inspired
by computational ghost imaging, that allows the retrieval of a single
non-reproducible, periodic or non-periodic, temporal signal. The reconstruction
is performed by a single shot, spatially multiplexed, measurement of the
spatial intensity correlations between computer-generated random images and the
images, modulated by a temporal signal, recorded and summed on a chip CMOS
camera used with no temporal resolution. Our device allows the reconstruction
of either a single temporal signal with monochrome images or
wavelength-multiplexed signals with color images
Large negative lateral shifts due to negative refraction
When a thin structure in which negative refraction occurs (a
metallo-dielectric or a photonic crystal) is illuminated by a beam, the
reflected and transmitted beam can undergo a large negative lateral shift. This
phenomenon can be seen as an interferential enhancement of the geometrical
shift and can be considered as a signature of negative refraction
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