The pedagogy of workers' self-management: Terror, therapy, and reform communism in Yugoslavia after the Tito-Stalin split

This is the final version of the article. Available from Oxford University Press via the DOI in this record.This article looks at the fields of psychoanalysis and psychiatry to read socialist Yugoslavia's complex international and political position. It argues that the history of postwar mental health professions in this country opens up a larger social and political story of liberalization and authoritarianism in socialist Eastern Europe. After 1948, the conflict with the Cominform, and split with the USSR, Yugoslavia went on to receive Western material help, as well as political support, and developed its own more liberal and internationally open brand of socialism, predicated on the ideas of workers' self-management and nonalignment. Yugoslav psychiatry and psychoanalysis became the most liberalized and Westernized professions in the region, but they also contributed to the operation of the violent "re-education" program at Goli Otok, the most authoritarian and repressive political project in Yugoslav history aimed at "re-educating" pro-Stalinists in the Yugoslav Communist Party. In this article, those two sides of the Yugoslav psychiatric profession will be demonstrated through the prism of self-management. First, the article discusses the application of psychotherapeutic techniques and self-management in the violent context of re-education camps for political prisoners. A similar combination of psychoanalysis and principles of self-management in "civilian" and Westernized child psychiatry is analysed in the second part. The article shows how these very similar notions and ideological principles could be used within the same sociopolitical framework and by the same profession but for radically different purposes

Franck-Condon factors and observed band strength distribution in the vibrational structure of the Ag_2 D-X band system

Potential curves for the X_1Σ_g^+ and D_1Σ_u^+ states of three diatomic silver isotopomers, ^(107)Ag_2, ^(107)Ag^(109)Ag and ^(109)Ag_2, were determined from the best available molecular constants by the Rydberg-Klein-Rees method. From these potentials, Franck-Condon factors and band-origin wave numbers were computed, and the reliability of the obtained values was verified by comparison with the observed band strength distribution and the measured band origin positions in a previously recorded D-X spectrum. The ratios of the Franck-Condon factors to those of corresponding isotopic bands were found to be very close to unity, revealing only a very small isotopic effect on the Franck Condon factors of Ag_2 D-X bands. The isotopic shifts of the calculated band origins agree well with previously measured displacements of band heads

Experimental analysis and FEM modelling of a cutting tool vibrations

Presented in this paper is a comparative analysis of vibrations, measured during machining process and modelled by FEM. Moreover, microscopic structure of chip cross section was analyzed in order to establish the frequency of lamellae generation and its influence on the total level of vibrations of the cutting tool. Based on the results thus obtained, a method was proposed which allows determination of tool wear degree through separation of reliable indicators from the high-frequency spectrum of the measured vibration signals. This investigation showed that the change of chip segmentation frequency significantly influences the output vibration signal within the high-frequency spectrum, and is a function of tool wear degree

Importance of polymorphisms in glucocorticoid receptor and adrenocorticotropic receptor genes in development of adrenal incidentalomas

UVOD: Glukokortikoidni hormoni (GC) ostvaruju svoje efekte vezivanjem za glukokortikoidni receptor (GR). Adrenokortikotropni hormon (ACTH) reguliše sintezu GC vezivanjem za ACTH receptor (ACTHR). Prisustvo polimorfizama u genu za GR (BclI, N363S, ER22/23EK and A3669G) i promotoru ACTHR može uticati na efekte glukokortikoida i predispoziciju za nastanak unilateralnih adrenalnih incidentaloma. CILJ RADA: Utvrđivanje mogućeg uticaja funkcionalnih polimorfizama u genima za GR i ACTHR na predispoziciju za nastanak adrenalnih incidentaloma i osetljivost na GC i ispitivanje ekspresije GR u tumorskom, peritumorskom i zdravom adrenokortikalnom tkivu. METODE: U ispitivanje je bilo uključeno 112 pacijenata i 100 zdravih dobrovoljaca, koji su podvrgnuti metaboličkom, genetičkom, biohemijskom i antropometrijskom testiranju. DNK je dobijena iz leukocita periferne krvi. Prisustvo polimorfizama je detektovano metodama PCR, RFLP i sekvenciranja DNK. Uzorci tkiva su analizirani imunohistohemijskom metodom. REZULTATI: Prisustvo dužeg C alela BclI (p<0.001) polimorfizma i kraćeg G alela A3669G (p<0.001) polimorfizma GR gena su bili nezavisni prediktori adrenalnih incidentaloma. Pacijenti sa prisutnim C alelom BclI su imali veće tumore (p=0.002), a oni sa G alelom A3669G više vrednosti postdeksametazonskog kortizola (p=0.025). Istovremeno prisustvo oba alela je koreliralo sa manjim obimom struka (p=0.002), a višim baznim i postdeksametazonskog kortizolom (p=0.024). Smanjena ekspresija GRα i GRβ izoformi zapažena je u tumorskom, a GRα u peritumorskom tkivu. Lokalizacija GRβ je bila dominantno nukleusna. ZAKLJUČAK: Prisustvo C alela BclI i G alela A3669G polimorfizmama gena za GR se nalaze u vezi sa nastankom unilateralnih adrenalnim incidentalomima, a njihovo zajedničko prisustvo dovodi do smanjene osetljivosti na GC. Stečena intraadenomatozna glukokortikoidna rezistencija može da dovede do disregulacije produkcije kortizola i rasta tumora u isto vreme, dok prirodna osetljivost na glukokortikoide najverovatnije modifikuje ove efekte.INTRODUCTION: Glucocorticoid hormones (GCs) accomplish their effects through binding to glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) regulates synthesis of GCs through binding to ACTH receptor (ACTHR). Presence of common GR gene (BclI, N363S, ER22/23EK and A3669G) and ACTHR promoter polymorphisms can modulate GCs sensitivity. OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study was to determine weather functional polymorphisms in GR and ACTHR genes influence susceptibility for unilateral adrenal incidentalomas and GC sensitivity, and to investigate GR expression in tumorous, peritumorous and normal adrenocortical tissue samples. METHODS: The study included 112 patients with adrenal incidentalomas and 100 population-matched controls. All subjects underwent metabolic, genetic, biochemical and anthropometric testing. DNA was obtained from peripheral blood leucocytes. The polymorphisms were detected using PCR, RFLP and DNA sequencing. Tissue samples were studied by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: GR gene variant, C allele of BclI (p<0.001) and G allele of A3669G (p<0.001) polymorphisms were independent predictors of adrenal incidentalomas. Patients with present C allele had larger tumors (p=0.002), but those with G allele had higher postdexamethasone serum cortisol (p=0.025). Both allele carriers had lesser waist circumference (p=0.002), higher basal (p=0.024) and postdexamethasone cortisol concentrations. In tumorous tissues GRα and GRβ isoforms had lower expression, but only GRα in peritumorous tissue. Localization of GRβ was dominantly nuclear. CONCLUSION: GR gene variants, larger C allele of BclI and minor 3669G allele are associated with adrenal incidentalomas. Their concurrent presence in patients reduces GC sensitivity. The acquired tumorous GC resistance probably promote dysregulated cortisol production and tumor growth, but natural sensitivity to glucocorticoides maybe modifies these effects

Optimalni model metode konačnih elemenata (MKE) konstrukcije strijele plovnog bagera

This paper is presentation of the development of advanced approach for modeling and structural analysis of jib structure which is usually part of waterway bucket dredgers. Object of analysis is a jib structure which will be reconstructed for the excavation of grain material from a river bed. Main goal of paper is to proof benefits of enough sophisticated i.e. “optimal” FEM model for structural analysis of this type of structures in comparison with simple, but not adequate models. Proper stress state is emphasized as primary, but not only condition. It is necessary to reach serviceability and durability state, as well as affordable financial construction circumstances.Rad je kratki prikaz razvitka naprednog pristupa u modeliranju i strukturnoj analizi konstrukcije strijele, koja je uobičajeni dio plovnih bagera. Predmet analize je konstrukcija strijele bagera vedričara rekonstruisanog za iskop šljunka sa dna vodotoka. Cilj rada je da dokaže prednosti dovoljno sofi sticiranog tj. “optimalnog” MKE modela za analizu ovog tipa konstrukcija u odnosu na jednostavne, ali neodgovarajuće modele. Odgovarajuće naponsko stanje je istaknuto kao primarni, ali ne i jedini uvjet za rabljenje bagera. Potrebno je osigurati i odgovarajuće stanje upotrebljivosti i trajnosti, kao i povoljne ekonomske uvjete izrade konstrukcije

Franck–Condon factors and observed band strength distribution in the vibrational structure of the Ag2 D-X band system

TPotential curves for the X1Sg+ and D1Su+ states of three diatomic silver isotopomers, 107Ag2, 107Ag109Ag and 109Ag2, were determined from the best available molecular constants by the Rydberg–Klein–Rees method. From these potentials, Franck–Condon factors and band-origin wavenumbers were computed, and the reliability of the obtained values was verified by comparison with the observed band strength distribution and the measured band origin po¬sitions in a previously recorded D-X spectrum. The ratios of the Franck–Con¬don factors to those of corresponding isotopic bands were found to be very close to unity, revealing only a very small isotopic effect on the Franck–Condon factors of Ag2 D-X bands. The isotopic shifts of the calculated band origins agree well with previously measured displacements of band heads

Comparison of sequential and single extraction in order to estimate the environmental impact of metals from fly ash

The aim of this paper is to simulate leaching of metals from fly ash in different environmental conditions using ultrasound and microwave-assisted extraction techniques. Single-agent extraction and sequential extraction procedures were used to determine the levels of different metals leaching. The concentration of metals (Al, Fe, Mn, Cd, Co, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu, As and Be) in fly ash extracts were measured by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Single-agent extractions of metals were conducted at sonication times of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 min. Single-agent extraction with deionized water was also performed by exposing samples to microwave radiation at temperature of 50 degrees C. The sequential extraction was conducted according to the BCR procedure which was modified and applied to study the partitioning of metals in coal fly ash. The microwave-assisted sequential extraction was performed at different extraction temperatures: 50, 100 and 150 degrees C. The partitioning of metals between the individual fractions was investigated and discussed. The efficiency of the extraction process for each step was examined. In addition, the results of the microwave-assisted sequential extraction are compared to the results obtained by standard ASTM method. The mobility of most elements contained in the fly ash is markedly pH sensitive

Primena reaktivnih siloksanskih pretpolimera za sintezu poli(ester-siloksana) i poli(ester-etar-siloksana)

Thermoplastic poly(ester-siloxane)s (TPES) and poly(ester-ether-siloxane)s, (TPEES), based on poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) as the hard segment and different siloxane-prepolymers as the soft segments, were prepared. The TPES and TPEES were synthesized by catalyzed two-step transesterification from dimethyl terephthalate, (DMT), 1,4-butanediol, (BD) and a siloxane-prepolymer. Incorporation of dicarboxypropyl- or disilanol-terminated poly(dimethylsiloxane) s (PDMS) into the polar poly(butylene terephthalate) chains resulted in rather inhomogeneous TPES copolymers, which was a consequence of a prononuced phase separation of the polar and non-polar reactants during synthesis. Two concepts were employed to avoid or reduce phase separation: 1) the use of siloxane-containing triblock prepolymers with hydrophilic terminal blocks, such as ethylene oxide (EO), poly(propylene oxide) (PPO) or poly(caprolactone) (PLC) when the terminal blocks serve as a compatibilizer between the extremely non-polar PDMS and the polar DMT and BD, and 2) the use of a high-boiling solvent (1,2,4-trichlorobenzene) during the first phase of the reaction. Homogeneity was significantly improved in the case of copolymers based on PCL-PDMS-PCL.U okviru ovog rada su sintetisani termoplastični poli(estar–siloksani) (TPES) i poli(estar–etar–siloksani) (TPEES), sa tvrdim segmentima na bazi poli(butilentereftalata) (PBT) i mekim segmentima na bazi različitih siloksanskih pretpolimera. TPES i TPEES su sintetisani katalizovanom reakcijom dvostepene transesterifikacije, iz dimetilterftalata (DMT), 1,4-butandiola (BD) i odgovarajućeg siloksanskog pretpolimera. Pri ugradnji dikarboksipropil- ili disilanol-terminiranih poli(dimetilsiloksana) (PDMS) u polarne poli(butilentereftalatne) lance dobijeni su prilično nehomogeni TPES kopolimeri, što je bila posledica loše menjivosti reaktanata tokom odigravanja reakcije. Primenjena su dva koncepta da bi se izbeglo ili smanjilo fazno razdvajanje reakcione smene tokom sinteze organo–siloksanskih kopolimera: 1) primena siloksanskih triblok-pretpolimera kod kojih su hidrofilni terminalni blokovi, izgrađeni od etilenoksida (EO), poli(propilenoksida) (PPO) ili poli(kaprolaktona) (PLC), imali funkciju kompatibilizatora između nepolarnog PDMS-a i polarnih reaktanata, DMT-a i BD-a i 2) primena rastvaranja visoke temperature ključanja (1,2,4-trihlorbenzena) za vreme izvođenja prve faze reakcije. Značajno povećanje homogenosti postignuto je kod kopolimera na bazi PCL–PDMS–PCL segmenata