Synoptic tool for reporting of hematological and lymphoid neoplasms based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Synoptic reporting, either as part of the pathology report or replacing some free text component incorporates standardized data elements in the form of checklists for pathology reporting. This ensures the pathologists make note of these findings in their reports, thereby improving the quality and uniformity of information in the pathology reports.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The purpose of this project is to develop the entire set of elements in the synoptic templates or "worksheets" for hematologic and lymphoid neoplasms using the World Health Organization (WHO) Classification and the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Cancer Checklists. The CAP checklists' content was supplemented with the most updated classification scheme (WHO classification), specimen details, staging as well as information on various ancillary techniques such as cytochemical studies, immunophenotyping, cytogenetics including Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization (FISH) studies and genotyping. We have used a digital synoptic reporting system as part of an existing laboratory information system (LIS), CoPathPlus, from Cerner DHT, Inc. The synoptic elements are presented as discrete data points, so that a data element such as tumor type is assigned from the synoptic value dictionary under the value of tumor type, allowing the user to search for just those cases that have that value point populated.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>These synoptic worksheets are implemented for use in our LIS. The data is stored as discrete data elements appear as an accession summary within the final pathology report. In addition, the synoptic data can be exported to research databases for linking pathological details on banked tissues.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Synoptic reporting provides a structured method for entering the diagnostic as well as prognostic information for a particular pathology specimen or sample, thereby reducing transcription services and reducing specimen turnaround time. Furthermore, it provides accurate and consistent diagnostic information dictated by pathologists as a basis for appropriate therapeutic modalities. Using synoptic reports, consistent data elements with minimized typographical and transcription errors can be generated and placed in the LIS relational database, enabling quicker access to desired information and improved communication for appropriate cancer management. The templates will also eventually serve as a conduit for capturing and storing data in the virtual biorepository for translational research. Such uniformity of data lends itself to subsequent ease of data viewing and extraction, as demonstrated by rapid production of standardized, high-quality data from the hemopoietic and lymphoid neoplasm specimens.</p

Silencing of PINK1 Expression Affects Mitochondrial DNA and Oxidative Phosphorylation in DOPAMINERGIC Cells

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). Impairment of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) and an increased frequency in deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), which encodes some of the subunits of the ETC, have been reported in the substantia nigra of PD brains. The identification of mutations in the PINK1 gene, which cause an autosomal recessive form of PD, has supported mitochondrial involvement in PD. The PINK1 protein is a serine/threonine kinase localized in mitochondria and the cytosol. Its precise function is unknown, but it is involved in neuroprotection against a variety of stress signalling pathways.Methodology/Principal Findings: In this report we have investigated the effect of silencing PINK1 expression in human dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells by siRNA on mtDNA synthesis and ETC function. Loss of PINK1 expression resulted in a decrease in mtDNA levels and mtDNA synthesis. We also report a concomitant loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and decreased mitochondrial ATP synthesis, with the activity of complex IV of the ETC most affected. This mitochondrial dysfunction resulted in increased markers of oxidative stress under basal conditions and increased cell death following treatment with the free radical generator paraquat.Conclusions: This report highlights a novel function of PINK1 in mitochondrial biogenesis and a role in maintaining mitochondrial ETC activity. Dysfunction of both has been implicated in sporadic forms of PD suggesting that these may be key pathways in the development of the disease

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6&nbsp;years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P &lt; 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100&nbsp;years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Synoptic Worksheet entry interface, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: The template is presented in multiple pages, as lists of related values with logical headers

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Synoptic tool for reporting of hematological and lymphoid neoplasms based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/144</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():144-144.</p><p>Published online 31 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950311.</p><p></p> Selected values are circled in blue. If a selected value includes a fill-in, a light blue text box displays for typed entry (see A5 above) and then displays in bold blue (see B3). Other optional conventions shown include an off-colored band for the header and a double-asterisk (**) to denote groups which require an entry

Workflow for Synoptic Worksheet processing: Multiple steps contributing to synoptic data output occur during processing of a case

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Synoptic tool for reporting of hematological and lymphoid neoplasms based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/144</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():144-144.</p><p>Published online 31 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950311.</p><p></p> Grey boxes represent optional or alternate steps used in certain cases, e.g. where pathologist defers to dictation of worksheet changes

Synoptic Worksheet entry interface, Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma: After selections are made for all categories, the template is marked "Worksheet Complete"

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Synoptic tool for reporting of hematological and lymphoid neoplasms based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/144</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():144-144.</p><p>Published online 31 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950311.</p><p></p> Validation logic will generate messages to user, e.g. for a required category having no selection, and a "Resolve" response moves user to the relevant section. A worksheet generates no text in the report until successfully completed

Final Diagnosis Entry/Edit activity: This application item is used for primary entry of final diagnosis and related text, either by pathologists or clerical staff, and access to synoptic worksheet entry is integrated as a second tab

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Synoptic tool for reporting of hematological and lymphoid neoplasms based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/144</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():144-144.</p><p>Published online 31 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950311.</p><p></p> A "blank" worksheet may be previously added to the case or defaulted based on specimen type. The first button is used to open the worksheet for entry or editing

Synoptic Value dictionary interface: The Values to be applied to worksheets are defined or edited and attributes configured, e

<p><b>Copyright information:</b></p><p>Taken from "Synoptic tool for reporting of hematological and lymphoid neoplasms based on World Health Organization classification and College of American Pathologists checklist"</p><p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2407/7/144</p><p>BMC Cancer 2007;7():144-144.</p><p>Published online 31 Jul 2007</p><p>PMCID:PMC1950311.</p><p></p>g. to allow numeric or text fill-ins or link SNOMED CT code

Virtual Teams and International Business Teaching and Learning: The Case of the Global Enterprise Experience (GEE)

The increasing importance of global virtual teams in business is reflected in the classroom by the increased adoption of activities that facilitate real-time cross-cultural interaction. This article documents the experience of students from two Colombian universities who participated in a collaborative international project using virtual teams as part of the international business (IB) curriculum. The data reveals that in spite of challenges associated with time zone differences, technology limitations, and trust issues, the vast majority of students perceived that the use of virtual teams as a teaching tool facilitates cultural understanding and IB-relevant learning. The findings of this research suggest that online experiential exercises can be an effective approach in teaching and in the development of virtual collaboration skills. Copyright © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC