PROGRAM KOMPLEKSOWEJ REHABILITACJI PO RESEKCJI MIĘSAKA KOSTNOPOCHODNEGO KOŚCI RAMIENNEJ I PORESEKCYJNEJ ENDOPROTEZOPLASTYCE MUTARS

Introduction: Bone sarcomas are malignant neoplasms of mesenchymal origin, the occurrence of which is rare. The most commonly diagnosed primary bone cancer is spindle cell osteosarcoma. Bone sarcomas are mainly located in the long bones of the limbs, most often in the femur, tibia and humerus. The aim of this study is to present a program of comprehensive rehabilitation after resection of humerus osteosarcoma and post-resection Mutars arthroplasty. Materials and methods: The work was written on the basis of the medical history of a patient treated at the Department of Orthopedics, Traumatology and Oncology of the Movement Organ of the Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin. Results: Hospital rehabilitation usually takes about 7 days. Its main goal is to return the patient to optimal functioning and daily activities as quickly as possible. Post-hospital rehabilitation takes much longer than hospital rehabilitation and depends on the patient's condition. Its main goal is to regain muscle strength by the patient. Conclusion: Rehabilitation is an important element of the treatment of cancer patients. Early initiation of rehabilitation brings tangible benefits during treatment and the patient's recovery.Wstęp: Mięsaki kości są nowotworami złośliwymi o pochodzeniu mezenchymalnym, których występowanie jest zjawiskiem rzadkim. Najczęściej zdiagnozowanym pierwotnym nowotworem kości jest wrzecionowatokomórkowy mięsak kostnopochodny (osteosarcoma). Mięsaki kości w głównej mierze lokalizują się w kościach długich kończyn, najczęściej w kości udowej, piszczelowej oraz ramiennej. Celem niniejszej pracy jest przedstawienie programu kompleksowej rehabilitacji po resekcji mięsaka kostnopochodnego kości ramiennej i poresekcyjnej endoprotezoplastyce Mutars. Materiał i metody: Praca została napisana na podstawie historii choroby pacjentki leczonej w Klinice Ortopedii, Traumatologii i Onkologii Narządu Ruchu Pomorskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Szczecinie. Wyniki: Rehabilitacja szpitalna trwa zazwyczaj około 7 dni. Głównym jej celem jest możliwie szybki powrót pacjenta do optymalnego funkcjonowania i wykonywania czynności dnia codziennego. Rehabilitacja poszpitalna trwa znacznie dłużej niż rehabilitacja szpitalna i zależy od stanu pacjenta. Jej głównym celem jest odzyskanie przez pacjenta siły mięśniowej. Wnioski: Rehabilitacja jest ważnym elementem postępowania leczniczego pacjentów onkologicznych. Wczesne zapoczątkowanie rehabilitacji przynosi wymierne korzyści w czasie trwania leczenia oraz powrotu chorego do zdrowia. Słowa kluczowe: endoprotezoplastyka, mięsak kości, mięsak kościopochodny, rehabilitacj

Olive pomace pretreatments to enhance its valorisation by solid-state fermentation

Dissertação de mestrado em BioengenhariaOlive oil is an important component of the Mediterranean diet and its extraction is one of the dominant economic activity in the southern Europe regions. As a result of the processes of extraction, the oil industry generates large amounts of wastes in a short period of time, and these are becoming an increasing problem of environmental pollution. The two-phase system is a recent process that allows the production of olive oil with economic and environmental benefits and produces a semi-solid waste, termed two-phase olive mill waste or olive pomace. The crude olive pomace, COP is less effective in production of enzymes that exhausted olive pomace, EOP (COP after drying and residual oil extraction). In this study, it was used the EOP as solid substrate to produce xylanases and cellulases by A. niger which was selected from fungi screening. To improve the enzyme production was evaluated the effect of pre-treatment of olive pomace by ultrasound. The results showed that the sonication led to a 3-fold increase of xylanase activity and a decrease of cellulase activity, indicating that ultrasounds treatment attacked the integrity of lignocellulosic material and increased the accessibility of hemicelluloses which induced the xylanases production by fungi. Other pretreatments were also tested such as, acid hydrolysis with diluted acid or ultrasound combined with acid hydrolysis, but did not increase the activities of enzymes. The study leads to the conclusion that the sugars which are released to the filtrate during the ultrasound pretreatment are very important for the enzymes production and the supplemented nutrients during the SSF process are essential for the growth of fungi. The fermentation time was another factor of great importance in the profile of the enzymes produced by SFF as short fermentation times favour the xylanases production by SSF and longer fermentation times favour cellulases production.O azeite é um componente importante da dieta mediterrânea e a sua extração é uma das atividades económicas dominante nas regiões do sul da Europa. Como resultado dos processos de extração, a indústria do azeite gera grandes quantidades de resíduos num curto período de tempo, tornando-se num problema crescente de poluição ambiental. O sistema de duas fases é um processo recente que permite a produção de azeite com benefícios económicos e ambientais que gera um resíduo semi-sólido. O bagaço de azeitona húmido, COP é menos eficaz na produção de enzimas do que o bagaço de azeitona esgotado, EOP (COP após secagem e extração do azeite residual). Neste estudo, foi utilizado o EOP como substrato sólido para a produção de xilanases e celulases por A. niger. Para melhorar a produção de enzimas foi avaliado o efeito de um prétratamento do bagaço de azeitona por ultrassons. Os resultados mostraram que a sonicação levou a um aumento de 3 vezes da atividade das xilanases e uma diminuição da atividade das celulases, indicando que o tratamento por ultrassons atacou a integridade do material lignocelulósico aumentando a acessibilidade às hemiceluloses, o que induziu a produção de xilanases por fungos. Foram ainda avaliados outros pré-tratamentos, tais como a hidrólise ácida com ácido diluído ou ultrassons combinado com hidrólise ácida mas não aumentaram as atividades das enzimas produzidas. O trabalho permitiu concluir que, os açúcares que são libertados no meio reacional durante o pré-tratamento de ultrassons são muito importantes para a produção de enzimas e que os nutrientes suplementados durante o processo de SSF são essenciais ao crescimento de fungos. O tempo de fermentação foi outro fator com grande importância no perfil de enzimas produzidas por SFF já que tempos de fermentação curtos favorecem a produção de xilanases por SSF e tempos de fermentação maiores favoreceram a produção de celulases

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data