Karakterisasi Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Diisolasi dari Susu Kuda Bima

The aim of the research was to characterize of the six species of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) indigenous (Lactobacillus acidophilus KBc, Lb. salivarius KBd, Lb. brevis KBa, Lb. delbrueckii KBe, Lb. plantarum KBb and Lactococcus lactis KBf) isolated from the fermented horse milk of Bima. The tests were done to cover safety aspect, ability to survive on low pH condition, bile salt tolerance, ability to adherence and colonization, and effect on cholesterol level reduction. The six LAB species were not pathogen and invasive, and were able to grow well on media which contained bile salt of 0.75 %. Lactobacillus  acidophilus KBc and Lb. brevis KBa had ability to survive on media pH 2.5 for 3 hours and were able to adherence and colonization on gut mucosa epithel. Lactobacillus acidophilus KBc and Lb. brevis KBa had ability to reduce cholesterol level of blood serum of rabbits on hypercholesterolemia condition significantly up to 53.74 % and 51.70 %, respectively. Based on the characterization of the six species LAB, only Lactobacillus acidophilus KBc and Lb. brevis KBa can be used as probiotic.ABSTRAKPada penelitian ini telah dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap enam spesies bakteri asam laktat  (BAL) indigenous (Lac- tobacillus acidophilus KBc, Lb. salivarius KBd, Lb. brevis KBa, Lb. delbrueckii KBe, Lb. plantarum KBb dan Lac- tococcus lactis KBf) yang diisolasi dari susu kuda liar Bima terfermentasi. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi aspek keamanan, ketahanan hidup pada media pH rendah, kemampuan tumbuh pada media yang mengandung garam em- pedu, kemampuan menempel dan berkolonisasi, dan efek terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol serum darah. Keenam spesies BAL tersebut tidak patogen dan invasif, serta dapat tumbuh baik pada media yang mengandung garam empedu 0,75 %. Lactobacillus  acidophilus KBc dan Lb. brevis KBa tahan hidup pada media pH 2,5 selama 3 jam serta dapat menempel dan berkolonisasi pada epitel mukosa usus. Kedua bakteri ini mampu menurunkan kadar kolesterol serum darah kelinci dalam keadaan hiperkolesterolemia secara nyata masing-masing sebesar 53,74 % dan 51,70 %. Berdasar- kan karakterisasi keenam spesies BAL tersebut, Lb. acidophilus KBc dan Lb. brevis KBa dapat dipergunakan sebagai probiotik

OPTIMIZATION OF EXOPOLYSACCHARIDE PRODUCTION BY Lactobacillus casei AL.15

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is one of the polysaccharides produced from microorganisms. This polysaccharide is usually produced by lactic acid bacteria and it is widely used for food products and pharmaceutical products. EPS are also very useful for stabilizers, emulsifiers, gelling agents, and have a good ability to bind liquids (water). This study aims to determine the optimization point of EPS growth, based on temperature, time, and the amount of glucose used in selective growth media of Lactobacillus casei (L. casei) AL.15, namely de Mann Rogosa Shape Broth (MRSB) media, using Response Surface Method (RSM) design to obtain optimum conditions that are more appropriate to produce EPS. Optimization of EPS production occurred at level -1; -1; 0, temperature 42 °C, incubation time 48 hours, and the addition of 10% glucose. L. casei AL.15 has a good ability to produce EPS at the temperature, time, and amount of glucose obtained. The result obtained under these conditions is 606.03 mg EPS/litre. This method can be used to produce large amounts of EPS and then these characteristics were analyzed

LC-MS Based Metabolite Profiling of Ethanolic Extracts from Curcuma domestica Val. varieties Turina-1

It is important to know the metabolite compounds profile of Curcuma domestica Val. varieties Turina-1, as one of the superior varieties of turmeric, so that it can be utilized better. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the metabolite profile of ethanol extract of Curcuma domestica Val. Varieties Turina-1. The samples for this research were obtained from BPPT Bogor-Indonesia. These samples were extracted using ethanol (96 %) and then analyzed using UPLC-QToF-MS / MS System (Waters), mass spectrometry: XEVO-G2QTOF (Waters), in ESI positive resolution mode, using gradient method with mobile phase: water, formic acid and acetonitrile. The study found 13 metabolite compounds: Demethoxycurcumin-2 (48.23%), α- Turmerone (19.623%), Curcumin (18.550%), Bisdemethoxycurcumin-3 (9.064%), Curcumin-1, (1.706%), and compounds others with less than 1% (Kaempferol 3-O-glucosyl-rhamnosylgalactoside, Demethoxycurcumin, ar-Turmerone Bisdemethoxycurcumin, a-Terpinolene, LTyrosine and L-Alanine, L-serine). Based on this research, the main metabolite compound contained in the ethanol extract of Curcuma domestica Val. varieties Turina-1 that has the potential as antioxidants is the curcuminoids

Characterization of Exopolysaccharide Produced by Lactobacillus casei AL15 Isolated from Sap of Arenga pinnata

Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a polymer of a reducing sugar which has a high molecular weight. This polysaccharide is usually produced by lactic acid bacteria, and has a very large usability for food products and pharmaceutical products. Lactobacillus casei AL15 is a type of lactic acid bacteria isolated from sap of Arenga pinnata and has a great potential to produce EPS. Productivity in producing EPS of L. casei AL15 in MRS broth medium is about 14.1 mg/L. Furthermore, component of carbon was a highest composition of the EPS tested by SEM. The image of SEM showed that the shape of EPS were round to ellipse shape with smooth surface texture and white yellowish color. The spectrum of FTIR produced the wavenumber in the range of 3338 cm-1 – 1056 cm-1. The spectrum indicated the presence of O-H in 3338.78 cm-1, C-H in 2962.66 cm-1, C=O in 1649,14 cm-1 and C-O-C in 1056.99 cm-1. Those bonds indicated that EPS produced by L. casei AL15 was heteropolysaccharide (HePS), since the FTIR spectrum had a same spectrum with sucrose and glucose. This result was also supported by HPLC analysis, which showed that the hydrolyzed EPS was composed by sucrose and glucose. Overall results showed that L. casei EPS AL15 was HePS. Keywords: characterization, exopolysaccharide, Lactobacillus casei AL15, Arenga pinnata

Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Apis cerana honey from Lombok and Bali Islands

Limited honey production worldwide leads to higher market prices, thus making it prone to adulteration. Therefore, regular physicochemical analysis is imperative for ensuring authenticity and safety. This study describes the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of Apis cerana honey sourced from the islands of Lombok and Bali, showing their unique regional traits. A comparative analysis was conducted on honey samples from Lombok and Bali as well as honey variety from Malaysia. Moisture content was found slightly above 20% in raw honey samples from Lombok and Bali, adhering to the national standard (SNI 8664:2018) of not exceeding 22%. Both honey types displayed pH values within the acceptable range (3.40–6.10), ensuring favorable conditions for long-term storage. However, Lombok honey exhibited higher free acidity (78.5±2.14 meq/kg) than Bali honey (76.0±1.14 meq/kg), surpassing Codex Alimentarius recommendations (50 meq/kg). The ash content, reflective of inorganic mineral composition, was notably lower in Lombok (0.21±0.02 g/100) and Bali honey (0.14±0.01 g/100) compared to Tualang honey (1.3±0.02 g/100). Electric conductivity, indicative of mineral content, revealed Lombok and Bali honey with lower but comparable values than Tualang honey. Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentrations in Lombok (14.4±0.11 mg/kg) and Bali (17.6±0.25 mg/kg) were slightly elevated compared to Tualang honey (6.4±0.11 mg/kg), suggesting potential processing-related changes. Sugar analysis revealed Lombok honey with the highest sucrose content (2.39±0.01g/100g) and Bali honey with the highest total sugar content (75.21±0.11 g/100g). Both honeys exhibited lower glucose than fructose content, aligning with Codex Alimentarius guidelines. The phenolic content, flavonoids, and antioxidant activity were significantly higher in Lombok and Bali honey compared to Tualang honey, suggesting potential health benefits. Further analysis by LC-MS/MS-QTOF targeted analysis identified various flavonoids/flavanols and polyphenolic/phenolic acid compounds in Lombok and Bali honey. The study marks th

The first ITS1 profiling of honey samples from the Southeast Asian region Lombok, Bali and Banggi Island

Southern Asian fowers ofer honeybees a diversity of nectar. Based on its geographical origin, honey quality varies. Traditional methods are less authentic than DNA-based identifcation. The origin of honey is determined by pollen, polyphenolic, and macro-microorganisms. In this study, amplicon sequencing targets macro-microorganisms in eDNA using the ITS1 region to explore honey’s geographical location and authentication. The variety of honey samples was investigated using ITS1 with Illumina sequencing. For all four honey samples, raw sequence reads showed 979,380 raw ITS1 amplicon reads and 375 ASVs up to the phylum level. The highest total number of 202 ASVs up to phylum level identifed Bali honey with 211,189 reads, followed by Banggi honey with 309,207 a total number of 111 ASVs, and Lombok represents only 63 ASVs up to phylum level with several read 458,984. Based on Shannon and Chao1, honey samples from Bali (B2) and (B3) exhibited higher diversity than honey from Lombok (B1) and green honey from Sabah (B4), while the Simpson index showed that Banggi honey (B4) had higher diversity. Honey samples had signifcant variance in mycobiome taxonomic composition and abundance. Zygosaccharomyces and Aspergillus were the main genera found in Lombok honey, with percentages of 68.81% and 29.76% respectively. Bali honey samples (B2 and B3) were identifed as having a signifcant amount of the genus Aureobasidium, accounting for 40.81% and 25% of the readings, respectively. The microbiome composition of Banggi honey (B4) showed a high presence of Zygosaccharomyces 45.17% and Aureobasidium 35.24%. The ITS1 analysis efectively distinguishes between honey samples of diferent origins and its potential as a discriminatory tool for honey origin and authentication purposes