Evaluation of business conditions impact on Eastern Baltic maritime business in the context of globalization

The main idea of the research is to evaluate compare the maritime business environment conditions at the eastern coast of Baltic Sea, where the competitiveness between Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian maritime sectors increasing in the processes of globalization and it is important to have favourable conditions for development of maritime business activities in the region. Of course the more intensive business activities have positive impact on the increasing of maritime sector's competitiveness. Keywords: business environment; globalization; maritime transport business

Spawning site selection and redd gravel characteristics of sea trout Salmo trutta in the lowland streams of Lithuania

To date, no characterization of spawning habitats on scientific basis was made for the eastern Baltic salmonid populations. The aim of the present study was to characterize spawning habitat preferences and redd gravel structure of sea trout in lowland streams of western Lithuania. The redd position at the habitat-unit scale, microhabitat hydrological characteristics and the redd gravel structure have been analyzed. The spawning site selection by sea trout was related to the in-stream characteristics, but not to the riparian features. Redds were positioned mainly in the transitional pool-riffle zones, associated with close proximity to potential cover for spawners. At the microhabitat scale, sites with relatively consistent hydrological parameters (mode of water depth 0.25-0.40 m, flow velocity 0.4-0.7 m s–1 and Froude number 0.2-0.4) were selected from a wide range of available sites. Egg incubation conditions, in terms of the redd gravel structure in the spring, were of intermediate quality, while varied widely within particular reaches. According to the results of the present study, it is apparent that sea trout have particular preferences for spawning sites, which should be considered in emerging river-restoration projects

Baltic Salmon and Trout Assessment Working Group (WGBAST)

202

Trout and Char of Northern Europe

201