Molluscicidal hydroxynaphthoquinones and derivatives: correlation between their redox potentials and activity against Biomphalaria glabrata

Several 2-hydroxy-3-alkyl-1,4-naphthoquinones have been submitted to molluscicidal bioassays against the snail Biomphalaria glabrata, intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni. Cyclic voltammetric studies in aprotic medium (N,N-dimethylformamide plus tetrabutylammonium perchlorate) on Hg and glassy carbon electrodes have been performed on these compounds in order to obtain information about their biological mechanism of action. Several of the quinones assayed showed significant molluscicidal activities, and correlation of their activities and electrochemical parameters showed that the first wave reduction potential is an important parameter. The easily reduced quinones (>Ep1c) were more active against adult snails and against their egg masses, whilst the 3-methylamino-2-hydroxy derivatives presented higher negative reduction potentials and were not active as molluscicides

Antileishmanial activity of lapachol analogues

The antileishmanial activity of lapachol, isolapachol, and dihydrolapachol, along with soluble derivatives (potassium salt) and acetate was obtained. All the compounds were assayed against metacyclic promastigotes of two different species of Leishmania associated to tegumentar leishmaniasis: L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. All compounds presented significant activity, being isolapachol acetate the most active against promastigotes, with IC50/24h = 1.6 ± 0.0 µg/ml and 3.4 ± 0.5 µg/ml for, respectively, L. amazonensis and L. braziliensis. This compound was also assayed in vivo against L. amazonensis and showed to be active. Its toxicity in vitro was also established, and at concentration similar to the IC50, no toxicity was evidenced. In all experiments, pentamidine isethionate was used as a reference drug. The present results reinforce the potential use of substituted hydroxyquinones and derivatives as promising antileishmanial drugs and suggest a continuing study within this class of compounds

Activities of naphthoquinones against Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) (Diptera: Culicidae), vector of dengue and Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818), intermediate host of Schistosoma mansoni

Larvicidal (against Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, 1762) and molluscicidal (against Biomphalaria glabrata Say,1818) activities of several natural and synthetic naphthoquinoneswere measured, with significant results. The best larvicidal compound is 3-bromojuglone, while the better molluscicides are 2-bromo- and 3- bromo-5-acetoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones together with the 3-bromo-5-methoxy derivative. The present results reinforce the potential use of substituted hydroxyquinones, their salts and halogenated quinones as very promising compounds against 4th instar larves of Aedes aegypti, the vector of dengue and against adult snail of Biomphalaria glabrata.This work was supported by CNPq, RHAE/CNPq, Ministério da Saúde/Programa Dengue, CAPES and FAPEAL (Fundac¸ ão de Apoio à Pesquisa do Estado de Alagoas, Maceió, Al. Brazil), IMSEAR, BNB, RENORBIO, IM-INOFAR/CNPq, CSIC-CNPq (2005 BR0046, to M.T.M and M.O.F.G), DGICYT ((Spain, grants BQU2003- 00813 and SAF2006-04698 to M.T.M.), CSIC (for a I3P contract to E.L.-M.)Peer reviewe