Genome-Wide Identification and Characterization of the Brassinazole-resistant (BZR) Gene Family and Its Expression in the Various Developmental Stage and Stress Conditions in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

Brassinosteroids (BRs) play crucial roles in various biological processes, including plant developmental processes and response to diverse biotic and abiotic stresses. However, no information is currently available about this gene family in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In the present investigation, we identified the BZR gene family in wheat to understand the evolution and their role in diverse developmental processes and under different stress conditions. In this study, we performed the genome-wide analysis of the BZR gene family in the bread wheat and identified 20 TaBZR genes through a homology search and further characterized them to understand their structure, function, and distribution across various tissues. Phylogenetic analyses lead to the classification of TaBZR genes into five different groups or subfamilies, providing evidence of evolutionary relationship with Arabidopsis thaliana, Zea mays, Glycine max, and Oryza sativa. A gene exon/intron structure analysis showed a distinct evolutionary path and predicted the possible gene duplication events. Further, the physical and biochemical properties, conserved motifs, chromosomal, subcellular localization, and cis-acting regulatory elements were also examined using various computational approaches. In addition, an analysis of public RNA-seq data also shows that TaBZR genes may be involved in diverse developmental processes and stress tolerance mechanisms. Moreover, qRT-PCR results also showed similar expression with slight variation. Collectively, these results suggest that TaBZR genes might play an important role in plant developmental processes and various stress conditions. Therefore, this work provides valuable information for further elucidate the precise role of BZR family members in wheat

Preliminary test of functionalized ZnO2 against Bipolaris sorokiniana and other seed associated mycoflora for better wheat germination

Bipolaris sorokiniana that causes foliar blight of wheat is one of the most serious worries for growers in warmer and humid areas around the world. Use of ecologically sound molecules for management of plant diseases is considered as one of the best options to achieve sustainability of ecology, agriculture and human health. Attempts were made to synthesize PVP functionalized ZnO2 nanomaterials to explore antifungal ability and impact on plant growth. The growth and spore germination of B. sorokiniana was significantly reduced. The seed germination was improved with good development of plumule and radicles. Moreover, the proliferation of wheat seed associated pathogenic and saprophytic mycoflora was completely inhibited. These new informations suggest use of PVP functionalized ZnO2 nanoparticles as an alternative to harmful fungicides for seed treatment and lower agricultural cost and environmental risk

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Not AvailableRice sheath blight (ShB) disease, caused by the fungal pathogen Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA, is one of the devastating diseases and causes severe yield losses all over the world. No completely resistant germplasm is known till now, and as a result, the progress in resistance breeding is unsatisfactory. Basic studies to identify candidate genes, QTLs, and to better understand the host–pathogen interaction are also scanty. In this study, we report the identification of a new ShB-tolerant rice germplasm, CR 1014. Further, we investigated the basis of tolerance by exploring the disease responsive differentially expressed transcriptome and comparing them with that of a susceptible variety, Swarna-Sub1. A total of 815 and 551 genes were found to be differentially regulated in CR 1014 and Swarna-Sub1, respectively, at two different time points. The result shows that the ability to upregulate genes for glycosyl hydrolase, secondary metabolite biosynthesis, cytoskeleton and membrane integrity, the glycolytic pathway, and maintaining photosynthesis make CR 1014 a superior performer in resisting the ShB pathogen. We discuss several putative candidate genes for ShB resistance. The present study, for the first time, revealed the basis of ShB tolerance in the germplasm CR1014 and should prove to be particularly valuable in understanding molecular response to ShB infection. The knowledge could be utilized to devise strategies to manage the disease better.Not Availabl

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Not AvailableSheath blight disease of rice causes substantial crop losses and resistance sources are rare. A moderately resistant genotype CR 1014 was identified and hybridized with highly susceptible genotype Swarna-Sub1. In the F2 and F2:3 generations, three QTLs (qShB-1.1, qShB-1.2 and qShB-1.3) were mapped in chromosome-1. In F5 generation of the same cross and F4 generation of an alternative mapping population (Tapaswini/CR 1014), only the major QTL qShB-1.1 was recorded consistently with high LOD score (> 5.0). This stable QTL was co-localized with qShB1 reported earlier from Oryza nivara. A typical leucine rich repeat (LRR) motif containing gene (LOC_Os01g65650) and a chitin-inducible gibberellin-responsive protein coding non-LRR gene (LOC_Os01g65900) located within qShB-1.1 with high expression levels in leaf and shoot were predicted as putative candidate genes among others. Nearly 27.8% reduction in relative lesion height was recorded among several near isogenic lines of Swarna-Sub1 carrying the QTL region from CR 1014.ICA