Prevalence Of Rhinitis Symptoms Among Textile Industry Workers Exposed To Cotton Dust

Introduction: The respiratory tract is one of the main points of entry of foreign substances into the body. Because of its location, the respiratory tract is heavily exposed to harmful agents, such as gases, vapors, or aerosols. Aim: Our objective was to evaluate the symptoms of occupational rhinitis in workers exposed to cotton dust. Method: The prospective study population consisted of workers from the "Nova Esperança" Cooperative of Nova Odessa (Sao Paulo), who were studied between September and December 2008. Data were collected through an individually and privately answered questionnaire designed by the author considering the clinical criteria for rhinitis. Results: Using the questionnaire, we evaluated a total of 124 workers. Among these patients, 63.7% complained of nasal obstruction, 57.2% of nasal itching, 46.7% of rhinorrhea, and 66.1% of sneezing. Of the patients considered to have very serious symptoms, 9% had nasal obstruction; 9%, itching; 4%, rhinorrhea; and 6.4%, sneezing. Discussion: Aerosol agents in the environment can clearly aggravate and even initiate rhinitis. From the standpoint of pathogenesis, the mechanisms of classical allergic airway inflammation involving mast cells, IgE, histamine, eosinophils, and lymphocytes may be responsible for the development of rhinitis after exposure to high molecular weight allergens such as proteins derived from animals and plants. This study showed a strong relationship between the occupational exposures associated with work in the cotton textile industry and the symptoms of rhinitis. Conclusion: Analysis of the data clearly showed the occurrence of rhinitis symptoms in these patients, demonstrating that the prevention and treatment of this condition in the workplace is extremely important.1712630Bagatin, E., Costa, E.A., Doenças das vias aéreas superiores (2006) J Bras Pneumol, 32 (SUPPL. 1), pp. S17-S26Slavin, R.G., Occupational rhinitis (2003) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 90, pp. 2-6Shusterman, D., Upper respiratory tract disorders (1997) Occupational and Environmental Medicine, pp. p291-304. , LaDou J, editor. 2nd ed. Stanford CT: Appleton and Lange(2001) Doenças Relacionadas Ao Trabalho: Manual de Procedimentos Para Os Serviços de Saúde, pp. 310-362. , Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde[Série A Normas e Manuais Técnicos 114]Galvão, C.E.S., Asma e Rinite Ocupacionais: Visão Imunoalérgicas (2010) Rev Bras Alerg Imunopatol, 33 (1), pp. 02-07Della Giustina, T.B.A., Pereira, M.R.G., Costa, E.A., Seligman, J., Ibanez, R.N., Nudelmann, A.A., Guia das doenças ocupacionais otorrinolaringológicas (2003) Rev Bras Otorrinolaringologia Supl Cad Debates [Periódico Na Internet], 69 (1), pp. 1-24. , http://www.rborl.org.br/suplementos/detalhes_debates.asp?id=14, [cited 2004 Jan 2]Spiegel, J.R., Sataloff, R.T., Cancers of the head and neck (1996) Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Disease, pp. 276-290. , Harber P, Schenker MB, Balmes JR, editors. St Louis: Mosby YearbookSlavin, R.G., Occupational rhinitis (2003) Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 90, pp. 2-6Bardana Jr., E.J., Occupational asthma and related respiratory disorders (1995) Dis Month, 41, pp. 143-199(2001) Doenças Relacionadas Ao Trabalho: Manual de Procedimentos Para Os Serviços de Saúde, pp. 310-362. , Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Brasília, DF: Ministério da Saúde[Série A Normas e Manuais Técnicos 114]Arrais, A., Doenças do nariz e seios paranasais (1999) Atualização Terapêutica: Manual Prático de Diagnóstico e Tratamento, pp. 1258-1264. , Prado FC, Ramos OL, Rothschild HA, editores. 19a Ed. São Paulo: Artes médicas;Christiani, D.C., Malo, J.L., Upper airways involvement (1999) Asthma in the Workplace, pp. 331-339. , Bernstein IL, Chan-Yeun M, Malo JL, Bernstei DI, editors. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel DekkerSchenker, M.B., Christiani, D., Cormier, Y., Respiratory health hazards in agriculture (1998) Am J Crit Care Med, 158, pp. S1-S7

The Seasonality Of Respiratory Viruses In Patients With Chronic Rhinosinusitis

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common illness, yet little is known about its pathogenesis, including the role played by respiratory viruses. Methods: A transversal prospective study was conducted to analyze the seasonality of CRS using real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect respiratory virus genomes in secretions and tissue samples from patients with CRS with and without nasal polyps. Results: The frequency of viral detection was 41% (31/75). The respiratory virus most frequently detected was human rhinovirus, found in 18 patients (24%), followed by human metapneumovirus, human enterovirus, human respiratory sincicial virus, human adenovirus, human bocavirus, human coronavirus, and human influenza virus, detected in 12 (16%), five (6.6%), four (5.3%), four (5.3%), two (2.6%), two (2.6%), and one (1.3%) patient(s), respectively. Although none of the patients presented symptoms when the samples were collected, there was a peak in detection of the most prevalent virus in the autumn and winter seasons of both years, similar to the pattern that occurs in acute conditions. Conclusions: The pattern of respiratory virus seasonality found in nasal mucosa, polyps, and paranasal sinus samples in patients with CRS reinforces the possibility of asymptomatic respiratory viral infections.2911922Infectious rhinosinusitis in adults: Classification, etiology, and management (1997) Ear Nose Throat J, 76, pp. 5-22Fokkens, W., Lund, V., Mullol, J., European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps (2007) Rhinol Suppl, (20), pp. 1-136Winther, B., Rhinovirus infections in the upper airway (2011) Proc Am Thorac Soc, 8, pp. 79-89Peltola, V., Waris, M., Osterback, R., Clinical effects of rhinovirus infections (2008) J Clin Virol, 43, pp. 411-414Rawlings, B.A., Higgins, T.S., Han, J.K., Bacterial pathogens in the nasopharynx, nasal cavity, and osteomeatal complex during wellness and viral infection (2013) Am J Rhinol Allerg., 27, pp. 39-42Puhakka, T., Mäkelä, M.J., Alanen, A., Sinusitis in the common cold (1998) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 102, pp. 403-408Gwaltney, J.M., Phillips, C.D., Miller, R.D., Riker, D.K., Computed tomographic study of the common cold (1994) N Eng J Med, 330, pp. 25-30Falcone, V., Ridder, G.J., Panning, M., Human bocavirus DNA in paranasal sinus mucosa (2011) Emerg Infect Dis, 17, pp. 1564-1565Jang, Y.J., Kwon, H.J., Park, H.W., Lee, B.J., Detection of rhinovirus in turbinate epithelial cells of chronic sinusitis (2006) Am J Rhinol, 20, pp. 634-636Proud, D., Role of rhinovirus infections in asthma (2011) Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol, 29, pp. 201-208Gavala, M.L., Bertics, P.J., Gern, J.E., Rhinoviruses, allergic inflammation, and asthma (2011) Immunol Rev, 242, pp. 69-90Ruotsalainen, M., Hyvärinen, M.K., Piippo-Savolainen, E., Korppi, M., Adolescent asthma after rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis (2013) Pediatr Pulmonol, 48, pp. 633-639Proenca-Modena, J.L., Pereira Valera, F.C., High rates of detection of respiratory viruses in tonsillar tissues from children with chronic adenotonsillar disease (2012) PLoS One, 7, p. e42136Jackson, D.J., Evans, M.D., Gangnon, R.E., Evidence for a causal relationship between allergic sensitization and rhinovirus wheezing in early life (2012) Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 185, pp. 281-285Leigh, R., Oyelusi, W., Wiehler, S., Human rhinovirus infection enhances airway epithelial cell production of growth factors involved in airway remodeling (2008) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 121, pp. 1238-1245e4Jung, S.Y., Shin, S.Y., Eun, Y.G., Changes of histamine receptors and CC chemokines in nasal epithelial cells and fibroblasts after respiratory syncytial virus infection (2013) Am J Rhinol Allergy, 27, pp. e17-e21Adams, P.F., Hendershot, G.E., Marano, M.A., Current estimates from the national health interview survey, 1996 (1999) Vital Health Stat, 200, pp. 1-203Monto, A.S., The seasonality of rhinovirus infections and its implications for clinical recognition (2002) Clin Ther, 24, pp. 1987-1997Gwaltney, J.M., Jr., Jordan, W.S., Jr., Rhinovirus and respiratory disease (1964) Bacteriol Rev., 28, pp. 409-422Matthew, J., Pinto Pereira, L.M., Pappas, T.E., Distribution and seasonality of rhinovirus and other respiratory viruses in a crosssection of asthmatic children in Trinidad, West Indies (2009) Ital J Pediatr, 35, p. 16Vidaurreta, S.M., Marcone, D.N., Ellis, A., Acute viral respiratory infection in children under 5 years. Epidemiological study in two centers in Buenos Aires Argentina (2011) Arch Argent Pediatr, 109, pp. 296-304Calvo, C., Pozo, F., García-García, M.L., Detection of new respiratory viruses in hospitalized infants with bronchiolitis: A three-year prospective study (2010) Acta Paediatr, 99, pp. 883-887Van Den Hoogen, B.G., De Jong, J.C., Groen, J., A newly discovered human pneumovirus isolated from young children with respiratory tract disease (2001) Nat Med, 7, pp. 719-724Bastien, N., Ward, D., Human metapneumovirus infection in the Canadian population (2003) J Clin Microbiol, 41, pp. 4642-4646Serafino, R.L., Gurgel, R.Q., Respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus in children over two seasons with a high incidence of respiratory infections in Brazil (2004) Annals Trop Paed, 24, pp. 213-217www.ciiagro.sp.gov.br/ciiagroonline/Listagens/MonClim/LMClimLocal.asp, The Integrated Agrometeorological Information Cente

Hypertrophic Adenoid Is A Major Infection Site Of Human Bocavirus 1

Human bocavirus 1 (HBoV1) is associated with respiratory infections worldwide, mainly in children. Similar to other parvoviruses, it is believed that HBoV1 can persist for long periods of time in humans, probably through maintaining concatemers of the virus single-stranded DNA genome in the nuclei of infected cells. Recently, HBoV-1 was detected in high rates in adenoid and palatine tonsils samples from patients with chronic adenotonsillar diseases, but nothing is known about the virus replication levels in those tissues. A 3-year prospective hospital-based study was conducted to detect and quantify HBoV1 DNA and mRNAs in samples of the adenoids (AD), palatine tonsils (PT), nasopharyngeal secretions (NPS), and peripheral blood (PB) from patients undergoing tonsillectomy for tonsillar hypertrophy or recurrent tonsillitis. HBoV1 was detected in 25.3% of the AD samples, while the rates of detection in the PT, NPS, and PB samples were 7.2%, 10.5%, and 1.7%, respectively. The viral loads were higher in AD samples, and 27.3% of the patients with HBoV had mRNA detectable in this tissue. High viral loads and detectable mRNA in the AD were associated with HBoV1 detection in the other sample sites. The adenoids are an important site of HBoV1 replication and persistence in children with tonsillar hypertrophy. The adenoids contain high HBoV1 loads and are frequently positive for HBoV mRNA, and this is associated with the detection of HBoV1 in secretions. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.52830303037Allander, T., Tammi, M.T., Eriksson, M., Bjerkner, A., Tiveljung-Lindell, A., Andersson, B., Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples (2005) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 102 (36), pp. 12891-12896. , DOI 10.1073/pnas.0504666102Schildgen, O., Müller, A., Allander, T., Mackay, I.M., Völz, S., Kupfer, B., Simon, A., Human bocavirus: Passenger or pathogen in acute respiratory tract infections? (2008) Clin. Microbiol. 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Rhinosinusitis: Evidence And Experience. A Summary

[No abstract available]811818Fokkens, W.J., Lund, V.J., Mullol, J., Bachert, C., Alobid, I., Baroody, F., European position paper on rhinosinusitis 4and nasal polyps 2012 (2012) Rhinol Suppl, 23, pp. 1-298Kosugi, E.M., Chen, V.G., Fonseca, V.M.G.D., Cursino, M.M.P., Mendes Neto, J.A., Gregorio, L.C., Translation, cross-cultural adaptation and validation of SinoNasal Outcome Test (SNOT): 22 to Brazilian Portuguese (2011) Br J Ophthalmol, 77, pp. 663-669Hopkins, C., Patient reported outcome measures in rhinology (2009) Rhinology, 47, pp. 10-17Morley, A.D., Sharp, H., A review of sinonasal outcome scoring systems - which is best? (2006) Clin Otolaryngol, 31, pp. 103-109Williams, J.W., Simel, D.L., Roberts, L., Samsa, G.P., Clinical evaluation for sinusitis. 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A randomized double-blind clinical trial (2005) J Fam Pract, 54, pp. 144-151Benninger, M.S., Sedory Holzer, S.E., Lau, J., Diagnosis and treatment of uncomplicated acute bacterial rhinosinusitis: summary of the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research evidence-based report (2000) Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 122, pp. 1-7Meltzer, E.O., Bachert, C., Staudinger, H., Treating acute rhinosinusitis: comparing efficacy and safety of mometasone furoate nasal spray, amoxicilin, and placebo (2005) J Allergy Clin Immunol, 116, pp. 1289-1295de Ferranti, S.D., Ioannidis, J.P., Lau, J., Anninger, W.V., Barz, M., Are amoxicillin and folate inhibitors as effective as other antibiotics for acute sinusitis? 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European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020

The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012. The core objective of the EPOS2020 guideline is to provide revised, up-to-date and clear evidence-based recommendations and integrated care pathways in ARS and CRS. EPOS2020 provides an update on the literature published and studies undertaken in the eight years since the EPOS2012 position paper was published and addresses areas not extensively covered in EPOS2012 such as paediatric CRS and sinus surgery. EPOS2020 also involves new stakeholders, including pharmacists and patients, and addresses new target users who have become more involved in the management and treatment of rhinosinusitis since the publication of the last EPOS document, including pharmacists, nurses, specialised care givers and indeed patients themselves, who employ increasing self-management of their condition using over the counter treatments. The document provides suggestions for future research in this area and offers updated guidance for definitions and outcome measurements in research in different settings.EPOS2020 contains chapters on definitions and classification where we have defined a large number of terms and indicated preferred terms. A new classification of CRS into primary and secondary CRS and further division into localized and diffuse disease, based on anatomic distribution is proposed. There are extensive chapters on epidemiology and predisposing factors, inflammatory mechanisms, (differential) diagnosis of facial pain, allergic rhinitis, genetics, cystic fibrosis, aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, immunodeficiencies, allergic fungal rhinosinusitis and the relationship between upper and lower airways. The chapters on paediatric acute and chronic rhinosinusitis are totally rewritten. All available evidence for the management of acute rhinosinusitis and chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyps in adults and children is systematically reviewed and integrated care pathways based on the evidence are proposed. Despite considerable increases in the amount of quality publications in recent years, a large number of practical clinical questions remain. It was agreed that the best way to address these was to conduct a Delphi exercise. The results have been integrated into the respective sections. Last but not least, advice for patients and pharmacists and a new list of research needs are included.Paroxysmal Cerebral Disorder