Lifestyle and hypertension in rural population of Tangestan town, Iran

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is an important health problem in developed countries and the risk factors of this complication are related to the individuals’ lifestyle, with most of them being modifiable. The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate the relationship between lifestyle and primary hypertension among the people referring to health centers of Tangestan Town, Iran, in 2017.METHODS: This study was a case-control study carried out on 100 patients with hypertension and 100 subjects as the control group living in the villages of Tangestan who had a health record in health centers. Data were collected through the international health promoting behaviors (HPLP-II) questionnaire and were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics in SPSS software.RESULTS: The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the body mass index (BMI) scores were 26.27 ± 4.09 and 26.20 ± 4.30 in the case and control groups, respectively, and there was no significance difference between the two groups (P > 0.050). The mean total score of overall health promotion behavior in the case and control groups was respectively 133.27 ± 29.72 and 135.84 ± 29.39 out of 208. In the case and control groups, the highest and lowest scores in the subgroups were associated with the nutritional status and physical activity, respectively. However, there was no significant difference between the lifestyle dimensions of the two groups (P > 0.050).CONCLUSION: Regarding overweight and lack of activity among the studied participants, it is necessary to perform the intervention based on psychological principles for the people prone to hypertension, especially those having positive history among their family members

Geographic distribution and time trends of water-pipe use among Iranian youth and teenage students : A meta-analysis and systematic review

Water-pipe tobacco smoking is harmful to health, yet its rate of prevalence remains uncertain. Recent evidence has shown that the prevalence of water-pipe smoking among students is higher than in the general population. In this study, a systematic review of related literature on water-pipe use was conducted, and for this purpose, 76 articles were examined in the study. In this vein, geographic distribution and time trends of water-pipe consumption in Iran were considered. The results of this study showed that lifetime, last-year, and last-month prevalence of water-pipe smoking use among Iranian students were 28.78 (25.07–32.49), 20.84 (16.01–25.66), and 16.36 (11.86–20.85), respectively. The results also showed a wide variation by the region and sex in Iran. This study has shown the importance of addressing public prevention and alerting programs in schools and universities.acceptedVersionPeer reviewe

The Relationship between Occupational Stress & Related Injuries among Physician’s Assistants: A Case-Control Study

 Background and Objective: Job stress can have a direct impact on the incidence of work-related injuries and unsafe behavior and the highest rates of occupational injuries are in the health professions. Therefore, as we did not find any studies regarding the physician's assistants job stress; this research was performed to determine the relationship between job stress and occupational injuries among physician's assistants working at different units of hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This analytical study (case – control) was performed among physician's assistants working at 5 hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. 50 cases (with occupational injuries) were compared with 50 controls (without occupational injuries) about job stress. Job stress was measured by Osipow questionnaire with 6 domains; validity (content) and reliability, were confirmed by Cronbach's alpha = 0.89. The Mann-Whitney test for comparison of means and chi-square test for comparison of proportions were used. Results: The mean stress scores did not show significant difference between the two groups in all domains except in role ambiguity and role boundary. After grouping stress scores, we observed significant differences in all domains, except in the responsibility (p=0.11). The stress score due to responsibility was very high for case (84.6%) and control (71.4%) groups. Maximum odds ratio was estimated in the role ambiguity field (OR= 8.36). Conclusion: Because of some unavoidable stressors in medical practice and the necessity of preventing mental and behavioral effects of stress; implementing measures and actions to improve the quality of working life, education and coping strategies, are the duties of the departments, and the director of the hospital, in order to maintain the health of the current staff and to prevent their displacement. REFERENCES1- Khalilzadeh R, Yavarian R, Khalkhali H. The Relationship of Job Stress, Depression and Anxiety of Nursing Staff of Urmia University of Medical Sciences.UNMF. 2005;3(1):10-7. [Full Text in Persian].2- Abedini S. Occupational stress in nurses working in hospitals in Bandar Abbas on 2003. Faslnamedena. 2006;2(3). [Full Text in Persian].3- Mcgrath A, Reid N, Boore. Occupational stess nursing.Int J Nurse Stud. 2003;40(5):555-65.4- Breslow M. The role of stress hormones in preoperative myocardial ischemia.IntAnesthesiolclin. 1992;30(1):81-100.5- Thorbjornsson C, Alfredsson L, Fredriksson K, Koster M, Michelsen E, Vingard. Psychosocial and physical risk factors associated with low back pain: a 24-year fallow up among women and men in a broad range of occupations. B Med J. 1998;55(2):84-90.6- Winkleby M, Rangland D, Syme S. Self-reported stressors and hypertension: evidence of an inverse association. Amer J Epidemiol. 1998;127(1):124-34.7- Soori H, Rahimi M, Mohseni H. Association between Job Stress and Work-Related Injuries: A Case-Control. irje. 2006;1(3 and 4):53-8. [Full Text in Persian].8- Bahraini A, Ghasemi M, Sabah A. Study of stress in a group of specialists and residents from different fields ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences. TebvaTazkieh. 2005;85. [Full Text in Persian].9- Karin E, Tore G, Tyssen R, Olaf G. Counseling for burnout in Norwegian doctors: one year cohort study. BMJ. 2008;337.10- Bahribinabaj N, Moghimian M, Atarbashi M, Gharche M. The relationship between burnout and mental health in nurses and midwiferies.Ofogh-e-Danesh 2003;9(1):99-104. [Full Text in Persian].11- Knesebeck O, Klein J, KG KF. Psychosocial Stress Among Hospital Doctors in Surgical Fields. DtschArztebl Int. 2010;107(14):248–53.12- Ghods A, Alhani F, Anosheh M, M MK. Epidemiology of occupational accidents in Semnan (2002-2006). koomesh. 2009;10(2):95-100. [Full Text in Persian].13- Kooranian F, Khosravi A, Esmaeeli H. The relationship between hardiness/ locus of control and burnout in nurses.Ofogh-e-Danesh. 2008;14(1):58-67. [Full Text in Persian].14- Kabirzadeh A, Mohsenisaravi B, Asghari Z, Bagherianfarahabadi E, Bagerzadehladari R. Rate of General Health, Job Stress and Factors in Medical Records Workers. Journal of Health Information Management. 2007;4(2):215-2. [Full Text in Persian].15- Osipow S, Spokane A. Occupational stress inventory Psychological. Gesundheitswesen. 2002;64:259-66.16- Abdi H, Kalani Z, Harazy M. Occupational stress in nurses. JSSU. 2000;8(4):17-21. [Full Text in Persian].17- Abdi H, Shahbazi L. Occupational stress in nurses working in ICU and its relationship to burnout. JSSU. 2001;9(3):58-63. [Full Text in Persian].18- Rahmani F, Behshid M, Zamanzadeh V, Rahmani F. Relationship between general health, occupational stress and burnout in critical care nurses of Tabriz teaching hospitals. IJN. 2010;23(66):54-63. [Full Text in Persian].19- Falkum E. Time stress among Norwegian physicians. pidsskr nor Lange furan. 1997;117(7):954- 9.20- Abdi H, Shahbazi L. occupational stress in nurses. Yazd Univ Med Sci J. 2008;8(4):17-21. [Full Text in Persian].21- Sharifian S, Aminian O, Kiyani M, Barouni S, Amiri F. The evaluation of the degree of occupational stress and factors influencing it in forensic physicians working in Legal Medicine Organization in Tehran in the autumn of 2005. SJFM. 2006;12(3):144-50.22- Wu H, Zhao Y, Wang J-n, Wang L. Factors associated with occupational stress among Chinese doctors. Springer-verlag. 2009;83:155-64.23- Ardakani MK, Malek M, Atarchi M, Mohamadi S. Study of occupational stress and its influencing factors in medical students. tkj. 2013;5(1):24-33. [Full Text in Persian].

Study of Codon 72 Polymorphism of TP53 Gene in Cervical Biopsies with Abnormal Histology in Bushehr Province

Background: TP53 tumor suppressor gene play a role in repairing DNA damages and also in cell apoptosis. This research have paid to the association between codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene in a variety of abnormal cervical tissue samples compared to samples of healthy women as a control group and also frequency of human herpes simplex viruses (HSV) in these samples. Material and Methods: In this case-control study, 110 biopsies of the cervix with abnormal pathology were examined from archives of the Department of Pathology at Shohadaye Khalij Fars Hospital, and 164 healthy women were selected as control group. PCR test was used for detection of HSV, and Allele-specific PCR was used for analysis of codon 72 polymorphism of TP53 gene. Data was analyzed with SPSS software. Results: Distribution of codon 72 of TP53 genotypes in patient and control groups was not statistically significant. Evaluation of the frequency of arginine and proline alleles in patient and control groups revealed that those without proline allele were lower in patients (19%) compared to controls (30.1%), and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.04), (OR: 1.03-3.36، CI 95%=1.86). Also there were not significant correlation between the various results of pathology, age, ethnicity and place of residence with the TP53 genotype. In this study, HSV was not detected in samples. Conclusion: Because of significant difference in proline allele between the case and control groups, it seems that this allele is associated with the  abnormal cervical pathology results in Bushehr province

Immunogenicity and safety of RAZI recombinant spike protein vaccine (RCP) as a booster dose after priming with BBIBP-CorV: a parallel two groups, randomized, double blind trial

Abstract Background The immunity induced by primary vaccination is effective against COVID-19; however, booster vaccines are needed to maintain vaccine-induced immunity and improve protection against emerging variants. Heterologous boosting is believed to result in more robust immune responses. This study investigated the safety and immunogenicity of the Razi Cov Pars vaccine (RCP) as a heterologous booster dose in people primed with Beijing Bio-Institute of Biological Products Coronavirus Vaccine (BBIBP-CorV). Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled trial in adults aged 18 and over primarily vaccinated with BBIBP-CorV, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Eligible participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive a booster dose of RCP or BBIBP-CorV vaccines. The primary outcome was neutralizing antibody activity measured by a conventional virus neutralization test (cVNT). The secondary efficacy outcomes included specific IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S1 and receptor-binding domain, RBD) antigens and cell-mediated immunity. We measured humoral antibody responses at 2 weeks (in all participants) and 3 and 6 months (a subgroup of 101 participants) after the booster dose injection. The secondary safety outcomes were solicited and unsolicited immediate, local, and systemic adverse reactions. Results We recruited 483 eligible participants between December 7, 2021, and January 13, 2022. The mean age was 51.9 years, and 68.1% were men. Neutralizing antibody titers increased about 3 (geometric mean fold increase, GMFI = 2.77, 95% CI 2.26–3.39) and 21 (GMFI = 21.51, 95% CI 16.35–28.32) times compared to the baseline in the BBIBP-CorV and the RCP vaccine groups. Geometric mean ratios (GMR) and 95% CI for serum neutralizing antibody titers for RCP compared with BBIBP-CorV on days 14, 90, and 180 were 6.81 (5.32–8.72), 1.77 (1.15–2.72), and 2.37 (1.62–3.47) respectively. We observed a similar pattern for specific antibody responses against S1 and RBD. We detected a rise in gamma interferon (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin 2 (IL-2) following stimulation with S antigen, particularly in the RCP group, and the flow cytometry examination showed an increase in the percentage of CD3 + /CD8 + lymphocytes. RCP and BBIBP-CorV had similar safety profiles; we identified no vaccine-related or unrelated deaths. Conclusions BBIBP-CorV and RCP vaccines as booster doses are safe and provide a strong immune response that is more robust when the RCP vaccine is used. Heterologous vaccines are preferred as booster doses. Trial registration This study was registered with the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trial at www.irct.ir , IRCT20201214049709N4. Registered 29 November 2021

Immunogenicity and Safety of a Combined Intramuscular/Intranasal Recombinant Spike Protein COVID-19 Vaccine (RCP) in Healthy Adults Aged 18 to 55 Years Old: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Phase I Trial

Objectives: This study aimed to determine the safety and immunogenicity of a combined intramuscular/intranasal recombinant spike protein COVID-19 vaccine (RCP). Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial. Three vaccine strengths were compared with an adjuvant-only preparation. It included two intramuscular and a third intranasal dose. Eligible participants were followed for adverse reactions. Specific IgG, secretory IgA, neutralizing antibodies, and cell-mediated immunity were assessed. Results: A total of 153 participants were enrolled (13 sentinels, 120 randomized, 20 non-randomized open-labeled for IgA assessment). No related serious adverse event was observed. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and 95% CI for serum neutralizing antibodies compared with placebo two weeks after the second injection were 5.82 (1.46–23.13), 11.12 (2.74–45.09), and 20.70 (5.05–84.76) in 5, 10, and 20 µg vaccine groups, respectively. The GMR for anti-RBD IgA in mucosal fluid two weeks after the intranasal dose was 23.27 (21.27–25.45) in the 10 µg vaccine group. The humoral responses were sustained for up to five months. All vaccine strengths indicated a strong T-helper 1 response. Conclusion: RCP is safe and creates strong and durable humoral and cellular immunity and good mucosal immune response in its 10 µg /200 µL vaccine strengths. Trial registration: IRCT20201214049709N1

Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (FAKHRAVAC®) in healthy adults aged 18–55 years: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I clinical trial

Background: The FAKHRAVAC®, an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, was assessed for safety and immunogenicity. Methods and findings: In this double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase I trial, we randomly assigned 135 healthy adults between 18 and 55 to receive vaccine strengths of 5 or 10 μg/dose or placebo (adjuvant only) in 0–14 or 0–21 schedules. This trial was conducted in a single center in a community setting. The safety outcomes in this study were reactogenicity, local and systemic adverse reactions, abnormal laboratory findings, and Medically Attended Adverse Events (MAAE). Immunogenicity outcomes include serum neutralizing antibody activity and specific IgG antibody levels.The most frequent local adverse reaction was tenderness (28.9%), and the most frequent systemic adverse reaction was headache (9.6%). All adverse reactions were mild, occurred at a similar incidence in all six groups, and were resolved within a few days. In the 10-µg/dose vaccine group, the geometric mean ratio for neutralizing antibody titers at two weeks after the second injection compared to the placebo group was 9.03 (95% CI: 3.89–20.95) in the 0–14 schedule and 11.77 (95% CI: 2.77–49.94) in the 0–21 schedule. The corresponding figures for the 5-µg/dose group were 2.74 (1.2–6.28) and 5.2 (1.63–16.55). The highest seroconversion rate (four-fold increase) was related to the 10-µg/dose group (71% and 67% in the 0–14 and 0–21 schedules, respectively). Conclusions: FAKHRAVAC® is safe and induces a strong humoral immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 virus at 10-µg/dose vaccine strength in adults aged 18–55. This vaccine strength was used for further assessment in the phase II trial.Trial registrationThis study is registered with https://www.irct.ir; IRCT20210206050259N1

Additional file 1 of Safety and efficacy of the FAKHRAVAC compared with BBIBP-Corv2 against SARS-CoV-2 in adults: a non-inferiority multi-center trial

Additional file 1. SMR analysis for death due to heart attack is included in the supplementary file

Additional file 1 of Immunogenicity and safety of RAZI recombinant spike protein vaccine (RCP) as a booster dose after priming with BBIBP-CorV: a parallel two groups, randomized, double blind trial

Additional file 1: Table S1. Geometric mean and 95% CI of specific antibody responses (AUC) to S1, RBD and Neutralizing antibody titer in the BBIBP-CorV and RCP groups over the predefined study time schedule. Tables S2-S4. Geometric mean, Geometric mean ratio, Geometric mean fold increase and Seroconversion and their 95% CI for Neutralizing antibodies, anti-RBD, and anti-S1 specific IgG antibodies in the BBIBP-CorV and Razi Cov Pars groups in the participants who received primary vaccination 3, 4, 5 and 6 month before booster dose over the predefined study time schedule. Table S5. Unsolicited adverse events with Not Related, Unlikely, Suspected/Possible, Probable and not assessable relationship to the BBIBP-CorV and Razi Cov Pars vaccines within one-month post-vaccination using ICD-10 code. Table S6. Unsolicited adverse events with probable/suspected relationship to the BBIBP-CorV and Razi Cov Pars vaccines using ICD-10 code. Figure S1. Gating strategy for CD3/CD4/CD8 and IFN-γ flow cytometry data analysis. Figure S2. Comparison of the baseline antibody levels and post-booster antibody responses among the four tested groups with different prime-boosting intervals (3, 4, 5 and 6 months before booster dose) on days 0 and 14